Suchergebnisse

Geschichtlicher Hintergrund der 1967 verkündeten und 1970 beendeten Sezession Biafras vom übrigen Nigeria. Internationale Reaktionen auf den Bürgerkrieg. Widerspiegelung des Ablaufs der Ereignisse und der späteren Versöhnung der verfeindeten Volksstämme in der afrikanischen Lyrik und Romanliteratur. Rückblick und Ausblick auf die anhaltende literarische Auseinandersetzung mit dem nigerianischen Bürgerkrieg. (DÜI-Hlb)

MOST RECENT ATTEMPTS AT REDEFINING POLITICAL PARTIES SITUATE THEMSELVES OUTSIDE THE MAINSTREAM OF POLITICAL THEORY & DO NOT DEAL SUFFICIENTLY WITH THE PROBLEMATICAL ASPECTS OF POWER & OF GOVERNMENT. TO DEVELOP A TRUE POLITICAL SCIENCE OF PARTIES ONE HAS TO BE ABLE TO RESPOND TO 3 QUESTIONS: WHO GOVERNS IN THE PARTIES? DO THE PARTIES REALLY GOVERN? HOW DO THE GOVERNMENTAL OR NONGOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS OF PARTIES AFFECT THE SOCIETY & THE SUPPORT THAT THEY OBTAIN THERE? FROM THESE 3 QUESTIONS EMERGE THE NOTIONS OF THE LEADERSHIP POWER (OR INTERNAL POWER), GOVERNMENTAL POWER, & SOCIETAL POWER (ELECTORAL OR NONELECTORAL) OF POLITICAL PARTIES. GOVERNMENT IS DEFINED ACCORDING TO A CYBERNETIC MODEL, & POWER IS LOGICALLY DEFINED. THE NOTIONS OF LEADERSHIP POWER, GOVERNMENTAL POWER, & SOCIETAL POWER ARE SUCCESSIVELY ANALYZED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING THEM OPERATIONAL. A NUMBER OF PROPOSITIONS, HITHERTO SEEMINGLY UNRELATED, ARE DRAWN TOGETHER TO OUTLINE A POLITICAL THEORY OF PARTIES. 2 FIGURES, 1 TABLE. HA.

La crise que nous vivons, sans précédent dans l'histoire, touche la société humaine toute entière, constitue une crise de l'espèce. Aujourd'hui que la science se trouve si décriée n'est-il pas dérisoire de s'interroger sur ce que peuvent apporter les sciences du comportement à sa résolution? Malgré les nombreux obstacles envisageables, une analyse expérimentale du comportement dans la perspective behavioriste devrait pousser à l'implantation d'une politique expérimentale, actuellement étrangère à tous les usages (règne des partis, objectif du pouvoir, circulation limitée des informations, abus des renforcements immédiats). Une telle politique expérimentale devrait générer des citoyens actifs et diversifiés. ; The contemporary crisis, new in history, affects the whole human society, constitutes a crisis of the species. Today, when science is so descredited, can we seriously propose the use of behavioral methods for solution. In spite of many anticipated difficulties, an experimental analysis of behavior must bring forward the implantation of experimental politics, unknown to the present habits of political parties with their struggles for power, the limited access to informations, the abuse of immediate reinforcers. Such experimental politics would have as objective the emergence of an active and multifarious citizen.

International audience ; In this study on Les Mystères de Paris by Eugène Sue, we attempt to determine the reciprocal effect of the social image produced by one work of litterature on the overall literary output of its author. A serialised novel written on a day-to-day basis and published over more than a year, Les Mystères de Paris bear the stamp of its readership. The many letters received by the writer as his serial was brought out were, in a manner of speaking, integrated into the very fabric of the novel by the author, through the comments and factual hints these letters contained. The fact that Sue took into account this feedback from his readers brought about a shift in the writer's political stance ; a Legitimist* Dandy turned «socialist intellectual» through having accepted the role of spokesman. assigned him by the petty and middle bourgeoisie. Along with this came changes in the work itself which, starting off as a picturesque novel exploring the seedier side of Parisian life, changes into a programmatical catalogueexpounding social reforms. So here we have an invaluable document relating to the philanthropical vision of society in the nineteenth century, and one which illustrates the shift from a notion of 'OldRegime'** -style social assistance to a more modem one and «scientific» one ; Dans cette étude sur Les Mystères de Paris d'Eugène Sue, on s'efforce de mesurer l'effet produit par l'image sociale d'une oeuvre sur l'oeuvre elle-même et son auteur. Roman-feuilleton écrit au jour le jour et publié durant plus d'un an, Les Mystères de Paris portent l'empreinte de ceux qui l'ont lu : les nombreuses lettres reçues par l'écrivain, au fur et à mesure de la parution, ont été en quelque sorte intégrées au roman par l'auteur, à travers les jugements et les informations qu'elles contenaient. La prise en compte par Sue de l'image que lui renvoyait le public a entraîné une évolution de l'écrivain, dandy légitimiste mué en «intellectuel socialiste» pour avoir accepté le rôle de porte-parole que lui assignaient ...

The Soviet Union is based on the idea of international communism. The State declares, in turn, its national state and its globalist vocation. Social expenditure will be preferred in the first case, military expenditure in the latter case. Social expenditure cannot be described in this way, because it is the Communist Party, which represents the people, which has the power and itself determines the income of each worker. There is no exploitation of the profession as in capitalist countries. This type of study involves making assumptions about Moscow's social expenditure, estimating military expenditure and then resolving a number of statistical obstacles. This econometric analysis highlights the existence of a unilateral relationship between social and military spending. The overall effects of social and military spending on large economic variables are often opposed. Military expenditure is partly dependent on developments in social benefits, highlighting the continued choice between the power economy and the welfare economy. ; International audience ; The Soviet Union is based on the idea of international communism. The State declares, in turn, its national state and its globalist vocation. Social expenditure will be preferred in the first case, military expenditure in the latter case. Social expenditure cannot be described in this way, because it is the Communist Party, which represents the people, which has the power and itself determines the income of each worker. There is no exploitation of the profession as in capitalist countries. This type of study involves making assumptions about Moscow's social expenditure, estimating military expenditure and then resolving a number of statistical obstacles. This econometric analysis highlights the existence of a unilateral relationship between social and military spending. The overall effects of social and military spending on large economic variables are often opposed. Military expenditure is partly dependent on developments in social benefits, highlighting the ...

John Keep, Emancipation by the axe? Peasant revolts in Russian thought and literature.
Contrary to widespread opinion, a continuous thread runs from the 17th- and 18th-century Russian peasant revolts to the agrarian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, manifested in the survival of social Utopian myths. The Razin legendary cycle, distorting Christian teaching, presents the "liberator" as an avenging apostle. Russian writers from Pushkin onward, and later social theorists, took up the theme of agrarian violence but were shocked by the brutal events of 1917-1918. Early Soviet writers (e.g. L. Leonov) offered a critical portrait of the peasant revolutionaries, but subsequently this theme has been neglected. A comparison of two novels on the Razin revolt (A. P. Chapygin, 1927; S. Zlobin, 1951) illustrates changes in the official ideology and Soviet literary taste; popular mythology is today manipulated for mundane political ends.