Suchergebnisse

El poder es sinónimo de fuerza, de dominio, pero también de capacidad de persuasión, de habilidad para incluir sobre los individuos y los grupos, y su visibilidad mayor se dacomo poder político, es decir, como el ejercicio de funciones de mando y control dequienes ocupan cargos representativos en el gobierno de una nación. Pero, históricamente, frente o junto al poder, surge un contrapoder, que tiene comoobjetivo desarrollar alternativas al poder constituido, buscando un equilibrio, inclusocorregir o eliminar el uso y abuso del poder. Entre la Ilustración y el Romanticismo lasformas tradicionales de ejercicio del poder fueron cuestionadas y sufrieron unaimportante transformación, generada casi siempre desde el contrapoder. Al estudio – desde la perspectiva de la historia, la literatura, el pensamiento y el arte – delpoder y del contrapoder, así como a su visibilidad, simbolismo y representación, sededican los capítulos de este libro. [Texto de la editorial]

P.207-208 ; La retórica política ha resultado un motivo de estudio recurrente. Desde el momento en que los esfuerzos por controlar el lenguaje se consolidaron en formas de participación en las decisiones, la literatura que actualizaba los valores de una sociedad se renovaba constantemente. Por eso las investigaciones en este sentido no cesan de aparecer. Esta colección de artículos ofrece otras tantas perspectivas pertinentes al uso de algunos textos humanistas. ; SI

The power, as obtained, exercised, organized and preserved, is the subject of political science. In this premise exists absolute identity between political science and communist sensis, what is understood as the set of shared knowledge within a community tradition. Also, there is a consensus in ancient and modern societies, that power is primarily a relationship of subordination, in which a group of people set the rules and others comply with them, in which decisions are made within a set of rules that are obeyed and the acceptance is made in the consensus or by imposition, in a democratic or authoritarian way but it establishes the recognized and accepted relationship of subordination.

ABSTRACT: After more than a decade in the institutionalization of Participatory Planning in Colombia, it is necessary to direct the reflections towards different fields to those of the normative. In this sense, this article deals with factors of local power, social provisioning, local culture, and professional action, as critical issues (avatares) that affect and are a reflection of the dynamics generated in processes of participatory planning. The purposes are twofold: attenuate the oversizing of participatory planning with respect to its democratic achievements in development and in the social life of territories, and to show the incidence of professional action, especially that of the Social Sciences and Social Work, in these same areas as a permanent tension between scientific technicality, assistencialism and political commitment. ; RESUMEN: A más de una década en la institucionalización de la planeación participativa en Colombia, se hace necesario orientar las reflexiones en campos diferentes a lo normativo. En este sentido, este artículo aborda factores referidos al poder local, el aprovisionamiento social, la cultura local y la acción profesional como avatares que inciden y son reflejo de las dinámicas generadas en procesos de planeación participativa. Los propósitos son dos: matizar el sobredimensionamiento de la planeación participativa acerca de sus alcances en la democracia, el desarrollo y la vida social de territorios y, mostrar la incidencia de la acción profesional especialmente de las Ciencias Sociales y el Trabajo Social en estos mismos ámbitos, como una permanente tensión entre el tecnicismo científico, el asistencialismo y el compromiso político.

Sostenida en sus comienzos en el terreno de la ciencia, la poética de Cohen desplazará su interés hacia el ámbito de la música. Pero este desvío no implicará el abandono de la base científica sino la apertura de esa base al contacto y a la contigüidad con el nuevo orden simbólico. Se exploran aquí los nudos, o los puntos de articulación que pueden leerse entre algunas manifestaciones musicales como el free jazz, que no propiciarían el cómodo retorno del oído al reposo o la vuelta hacia lo mismo y el concepto de entropía positiva de Prigogine. La alianza ciencia/música conformaría un eficaz dispositivo para esta poética narrativa cuya dimensión política se juega especialmente en la rebeldía de los lenguajes y las formas, frente a los relatos hegemónicos que constituyen el mundo, reduciéndolo, deteniéndolo, con su ramplona y falaz repetición. ; Firmly rooted in Cohen's beginnings in the world of science, his poetry shifted his interest toward music. This change of direction did not imply a break with science but rather the opening up of those origins as they came into contact with the new symbolic order. This paper explores the nexus and points of contact between forms of music like free jazz, which does not give the ear an easy way back to a point of rest nor returns to the same forms, and Prigogine's concept of positive entropy. The partnership between science and music proves an effective device for analyzing this narrative poetry, the political nature of which emerges particularly in the rebelliousness of its language and forms, which fly in the face of the hegemonic accounts that make up the world and that reduce it and hamper it with their false, coarse repetitions.

As a descendant of the Enlightenment, the school is still a vital modern institution, albeit in contemporary postmodern conditions. This article takes a Foucaultian perspective to analyse the power/ knowledge and the regimes of truth involved. The arguments is that the power of the school comes from the inertial force of custom, which normalises the school's disciplinary, sanctionary, instructional, and corrective practices. The modern educational project uses disciplinary methods that promote autoidiscipline and autoregulation. Its instructional processes promote individualist learning, and its rituals turn habituation into internalisation. Consistent with the critical sentiments of a Social Psychology of Education, we propose a comprehensive approach to education and its links to acculturation, instruction, and schooling. We use a critical radical pedagogy and poststructuralist analysis to argue for the need to rethink contemporary education.

El texto es una reflexión sobre la universidad como institución social, realizada a partir de varios estudios desarrollados en cuyos hallazgos se evidencia, en primer lugar, el interés de algunas estancias por convertirla en un escenario de manipulación y control, reduciéndola a la racionalidad de los organismos funcionales, frente a la dinámica propia que la universidad instaura como institución social cuya base se moviliza desde las significaciones imaginarias sociales. En este proceso, sen muestra desde la lógica de la teoría de los imaginarios sociales, la forma como la universidad se configura e institucionaliza en una tensión constante, entre el saber y el control, entre la función y la institución y se dan las bases que la definen y posicionan como institución imaginaria social.

This is a study of what it is to write up a piece of research. That is, a study of the power of writing. Postmodernism has had its sway over social psychology as such as over the other social sciences. It has set a query against established forms of scientific writing, and what they imply. Social studies of science and technology have debunked the fiction of scientific method, especially in the allegedly 'hard' sciences. Equally, in the so-called 'soft' sciences, New, experimental forms of ethnography, done by postmodern anthropologists, have doubted the very idea of the ethnographer's authority. Whether qualitative or quantitative, all methods are now in question. This article reviews new literary forms which might offer a way to both challenge the ever-present issues of power, while at the same time keeping true to the social scientist's fundamental aim - to promote society's reflection on itself. To do so, one will have to break fee from such limiting, but unconscious, binaries as the divide between object and subject, reality and fiction, and between form and content. Auto-ethnography, as Creative Analytical Practice presents itself as one such promising literary form.

El crecimiento del pentecostalismo en Argentina tiene sentido político, pero no electoral. En este artículo analizamos los supuestos que refuerzan la investigación de su valor electoral y exponemos las razones que incitan a un giro analítico: el que subraya su carácter de canalizador de un cambio de relaciones de fuerza social en el campo religioso. ; The article statesthat Pentecostal growth in Argentina has political, but not electoral, relevance. The commonplace assumptions that insist on its electoral value are examined and reasons calling for a new interpretive turn are presented: Pentecostalism, it is argued,is causing a change in the set of power relations that structure the religious field. ; Fil: Seman, Pablo Federico. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Agustí Nieto-Galan, professor i catedràtic d'Història de la Ciència de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), ha publicat el llibre "The Politics of Chemistry. Science and Power in Twentieth-Century Spain". Aquesta obra analitza el paper polític dels químics a l'Espanya del segle XX, i la seva col·laboració en projectes acadèmics, militars i industrials. Les molècules, en aparença neutrals i objectives, esdevenen mediadors flexibles, que uneixen les ambicions professionals a ideologies sovint contraposades. ; Agustí Nieto-Galan, catedrático de Historia de la Ciencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), ha publicado el libro The Politics of Chemistry. Science and Power in Twentieth-Century Spain. Esta obra analiza el papel político de los químicos en la España del siglo XX, y su colaboración en proyectos académicos, militares e industriales. Las moléculas, en apariencia neutrales y objetivas, se convierten mediadores flexibles, que unen las ambiciones profesionales en ideologías a menudo contrapuestas.

Alternative energy sources have become a good choice of generation friendly to nature. An example of this is the wind power that takes advantage of the mass flow of air; This movement is due to the solar radiation being absorbed by the atmosphere and transformed into kinetic energy. This type of energy is classified as clean energies. With the invention of the dynamo formally appears the wind turbine and, by the end of the nineteenth century, with the invention of the induction motor. By 2014, wind energy in the European Union achieved the highest growth rate of all new electrical installations, reaching 43.7% and 55.3% of all new renewable energy installations. By 2020, wind power can supply about 12% of the total energy demanded worldwide. The benefits offered by wind energy conversion systems are evaluated according to their ability to convert wind kinetic energy into electrical energy. For this purpose, it is necessary to extract the maximum energy at any speed. This challenge requires maintaining the speed of the generator a rotation speed such that it corresponds to the optimum point of the operation of the system. Through the years, mechanical and electromechanical control strategies have been developed, and solutions have been introduced in recent years based on computational intelligence, neural networks and diffuse logic. This article discusses the state of the art review of strategies for the extraction of maximum power in wind turbines, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages presented by the different methods. In the first part, a classification of the aerogenerators is made according to the volume and the weight, swept area and power generated. In the second part, the state of the art is reviewed for the maximum power point tracking algorithms, the available types and their implementations. In the third part, it reviews the application of computational intelligence strategies in the extraction of power in wind energy conversion systems. Finally, a review of the tools used in the simulation and performance evaluation of these wind energy conversion systems is shown.

Associated with the increasing complexity of the educational system, procedures that seek its regulation take form and, at the same time, shape the goals to be achieved. In the case of Chile, in the last 50 years, a powerful evaluation device for the educational system has been established, which includes national tests such as SIMCE and PSU, the Teacher Evaluation System, the System of University Accreditation, the evaluation of the academic productivity, international tests such as PISA and TIMSS, and the elaboration of rankings of educational institutions. This device is a key technology of governmentality that makes possible to regulate the behavior of the population. In its constitution are interwoven theoretical and technical knowledge from the social sciences and concerns and strategies for the government of the population. Social science and power are combined. The device constitutes a moral and political technology with powerful performative effects that shape what we assume, for all practical purposes, as the educational quality of the different entities of the system -students, schools, programs, professors, universities, etc.-, which are valued in terms of such quality. The paper seeks to articulate theoretically the operations of this device and its derivations. ; Asociadamente a la complejización del sistema educacional, toman forma procedimientos que buscan su regulación y que, al mismo tiempo, van dando forma a las metas a lograr. En el caso de Chile, en los últimos 50 años se ha constituido un dispositivo de evaluación del sistema educacional de gran alcance, que incluye pruebas nacionales como el SIMCE y la PSU, el Sistema de Evaluación Docente, el Sistema de Acreditación Universitario, la evaluación de la productividad académica, pruebas internacionales como PISA y TIMSS, y la elaboración de rankings de instituciones educacionales. Este dispositivo es una tecnología clave de gubernamentalidad que posibilita regular la conducta de la población. En su constitución se entretejen conocimientos, ...