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"Would you press the button you know is going to annihilate millions of people?""If the circumstances demanded it, I would."This reply, under oath, by Air Commodore Magill to Pat Pottle at the British Official Secrets Trial of February 1962, distils the essence of the deterrence strategy. In the light of common sense, and especially with reference to the just-war tradition, it also defines its essential immorality.As a prosecution witness, the Air Commodore was being cross-examined by one of the accused who had invaded a nuclear base in protest and who was later sentenced to imprisonment for this offense.

For most reporters the atomic age began with a press release. "It's a statement from the president, "Assistant White House Press Secretary Eben Ayers told those gathered at the Monday-morning briefing on August 6, 1945, and he began to read:Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima, an important Japanese Army base. That bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. It had more than two thousand times the blast power of the British "Grand Slam" which is the largest bomb ever yet used in the history of warfare....It is an atomic bomb. It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The force from which the sun draws its powers has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East.

THIS IS A REPORT OF A PANEL DISCUSSION ON THE ROLE OF THE PRESS IN A DEMOCRACY, WHICH WAS HELD AT THE 37TH COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE IN SEPTEMBER 1991. ALTHOUGH THE PARTICIPANTS AGREED THAT THE PRESS HAS A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN A DEMOCRACY, THEY FOCUSED ON PROBLEMS CREATED BY INACCURATE OR SENSATIONALIZED PRESS COVERAGE, MONOPOLY OWNERSHIP OF THE MEDIA, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, AND SO FORTH. THE CONSENSUS WAS FOR REGULATION, EITHER A SELF-IMPOSED CODE OF CONDUCT OR STATUTORY REGULATION.

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword to the Revised Edition -- Freeing the Presses: An Introductory Essay -- PART ONE: FROM THE PAST -- Introduction -- The Press the Founders Knew -- On the Relationship between Press Law and Press Content -- PART TWO: AT PRESENT -- Introduction -- Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press -- Daily News and First Amendment Ideals -- PART THREE: TOWARD THE FUTURE -- Introduction -- The Twilight of Mass Media News: Changing Patterns of Citizenship, Technology, and Public Information -- "New Media" and Contemporary Interpretations of Freedom of the Press -- Afterword -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Few non-English newspapers in Australia can be more "invisible '' to the wider community, prima facie, than the Maltese ones. Although mainly if not exclusively in the Maltese language, these almost invariably have had English or English-sounding titles. Currently the two main publication, both weeklies, and both published in Sydney's western suburb. - are The Maltese Herald, started in 1961, and The Malta Cross, in 1985. Two monthly publications are The Times of Malta, published in Melbourne, and Malta , a political review, started in Sydney in 1982. Another paper, which has included a literary supplement, and was published intermittently since 1956, is The Voice of Malta (ll-Lehen ta' Malta). Other publications appeared from time to time but were short-lived. Historically, the most important of these is The Malta News. Namely in English, it was published, in the 1940s, in Melbourne. ; peer-reviewed

Most Americans consider a free press essential to democratic society-either as an independent watchdog against governmental abuse of power or as a wide-open marketplace of ideas. But few understand that far-reaching public policies have shaped the news citizens receive. In an age when mass communication ranges from independent cable channels to the Internet, it is essential to assess these policies and their effects if we want the media to continue fulfilling their role. Freeing the Presses offers a pathbreaking inquiry into the theory and practice of freedom of the press at a critical time in the growing overlap between modern media and political discussion. Six political communication scholars draw upon history, sociology, political science, legal philosophy, and journalism to investigate whether the freedoms and privileges given to the news media and to reporters actually produce the results we expect. Their discussion covers past, present, and future media performance and engages a wide range of provocative questions.

The article examines South African control of media in Zimbabwe up until independence in April 1980, establishment of the Zimbabwe Mass Media Trust (MMT) by the state in 1981, how the MMT media became government instruments by the end of the 1980s, the role of the private press. The consolidation of a coherent, progressive consciousness in the country and the key part played by some media in this process and ZANU's attempts to introduce minor reforms in MMT. (DÜI-Sen)