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Publicity of campaign funds spent for and against proposed constitutional amendments, initiative and referendum measures, and other propositions voted on by the electorate of the state is the object of a California statute adopted in 1921 and revised in 1923. This is one of the few statutes specially designed to deal with campaign funds on issues rather than candidates, and its operation is a matter of particular interest to students of campaign finance in that it represents a relatively successful effort to compel publicity of expenditures by non-party organizations. All reports under the act have been made by well established pressure groups, corporations, or temporary committees representing interest groups lacking permanent secretariats. The act is broad enough to apply to party committees, but no reports have been made by such agencies, presumably because of their inactivity in this type of campaign.

In the juristic sphere, the Interstate Commerce Commission is charged with enforcing and interpreting certain statutes, hearing and weighing evidence, and rendering formal judgment when the facts have been ascertained. But the recognized judicial character of this work does not render the Commission immune from efforts to influence its judgments. The struggles of contending economic groups and political influences give rise to actions intolerable in a court of law and to repeated efforts to obtain favorable decisions through the use of propaganda. The Commission performs its duties in surroundings far from neutral, and must cope with pressures too powerful to be exorcised by simple exhortation or condemnation. The problem is one of canalizing influences which cannot be eliminated, to the end that they may increase rather than decrease the efficiency of the administrative process and that the public interest may not be submerged in the undertow of sectional and political cross-currents.

The present paper is intended as the background to a more detailed discussion of the facts of agricultural debt adjustment. I propose to discuss briefly the nature and objectives of our machinery of agricultural debt adjustment, the background against which it works, and some of the more important difficulties encountered in practice. The observations are based largely upon experience acquired in the West, although the setting concerns the country as a whole.Problems of debt adjustment are primarily problems in the economics of distribution. Measures taken in this direction affect transfers of income between individuals, groups, and sections of the country. Their chief objective is to relieve the pressure on exposed groups and to allay the tensions created thereby. They constitute a part of the machinery of adjustment so essential in an economy subject to extreme variation of income and afflicted with rigidities which obstruct or divert forces tending to equilibrium. The tendency has been to concentrate upon the economics of the long run and to ignore obstacles to the free play of such forces. The importance of these obstacles is most manifest in the lower phases of the business cycle, and the presence of corrective or compensatory measures is in large part due to the cumulative effects of the inflexibility characteristic of a continental type of development and to the difficulty of planning for an economy in which variability is so marked. The results are seen in a wide range of expedients of which debt adjustment is an example. Difficulties arise owing to the failure to distinguish between social and pecuniary costs, to the widely different interpretations of what the term "justice" implies, and to differences in points of view which range from an insistence upon a strictly legal interpretation of rights and obligations to demands for debt reductions upon the basis of present income.

It is not new for great teachers to address their words to mature minds; they have always done thus since the days of Buddha and Socrates. However, Studebaker in his book "The American Way; points out that adult education as an organized social movement is comparatively new in American life. He says, "The great importance of the movement at present is due to the increasing co-operation between public and volunteer agencies for the general betterment of the intellectual climate of society. Pressure and change in modern life has made it necessary for civic leaders to take stock of opportunities for self-education and to help men and women to continue their personal development. Moreover, the education of parents help build better schools for children. A complete list of the functions of adult education may be divided into five types. According to Bryson: The five functions of adult education are; Remedial, Occupational, Relational, Liberal, and Political. Texas, likes the other states in our American Society, has shared in the educational activity of adult training. In this study of adult education in Texas, the writer is concerned mainly with two aspects of this type of training, namely, the functions of the adult education program in Texas and the type of subject matter selected to accomplish the aims of the program. Statement Of The Problem The purpose of this study is three fold; (1) To collect descriptive data pertaining to the earlier development of adult education programs in Texas (2) To ascertain specific factors that have been effective in the development of the present techniques for teaching adult education groups in Texas; (3) To indicate implications for future adult education programs in Texas.