Suchergebnisse

New Leaders, Parties and Groups: Comparative Tendancies in Local Leadership Fiscal Austerity and Urdan Innovation Conference, Paris, april 1989 ; The paper proposes an analysis of determinants of public expenditures in French cities over 20.000 between 1983 and 1985. Different factors are estimated using bivariate analysis. Environmental determinants are contrasted with political variables including influence of the bureaucracy and pressure groups, and partisan ideology of mayors. Results show that ideology is more influential on short-term changes, while interest groups pressure is more significant on long term policy outputs. Among the latter, business groups seem more influential on local public spendings than services users or municipal employees. Different modes of interests articulation according to mayors partisan affiliation draw different patterns of influence on policies in French cities.

New Leaders, Parties and Groups: Comparative Tendancies in Local Leadership Fiscal Austerity and Urdan Innovation Conference, Paris, april 1989 The paper proposes an analysis of determinants of public expenditures in French cities over 20.000 between 1983 and 1985. Different factors are estimated using bivariate analysis. Environmental determinants are contrasted with political variables including influence of the bureaucracy and pressure groups, and partisan ideology of mayors. Results show that ideology is more influential on short-term changes, while interest groups pressure is more significant on long term policy outputs. Among the latter, business groups seem more influential on local public spendings than services users or municipal employees. Different modes of interests articulation according to mayors partisan affiliation draw different patterns of influence on policies in French cities.

Segall reviews The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn by Diane Ravitch.

In contrast to previous attempts at comprehensive taxation reform, the dynamics of the most recent debate were distinguished by two key elements: a relatively high degree of unity among business associations and the formation of an unprecedented reform alliance between the business and welfare sectors. All participants in the debate were influenced by the failure of consumption tax reform as part of the Coalition's Fightback! package in 1993 and as part of Treasurer Keating's 'Option C' in 1985. The Government were motivated by a conviction that welfare and church opposition proved fatal to Fightback!, while business felt that their opposition may have been decisive in 1985. From mid 1996 the peak business and welfare bodies met to promote comprehensive tax reform and to develop a consensus position for submission to the Government. The formation of the Business Coalition for Tax Reform supports the view that business associations are increasingly adopting more sophisticated roles in the public policy process and attempting to overcome the fragmentation which has plagued their efforts by a strategy of forming ad hoc, issue-based coalitions of associations. For their part, Labor did not wish to appear isolated on tax reform and sought desperately to detach the peak welfare body, the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), from its alliance with business. The pressure to which ACOSS was exposed demonstrated how its support had become a valuable political commodity for both business and Labor in the pre-election tax debate.