Suchergebnisse

Prevention, preventive action, is an absolute "must" in the face of the destructive power of modern weapons. It often seems as if all the parties involved and even neutral actors were losing courage, in view of the threatening violent discharge of tensions. We seem to feel helpless being driven into coming disaster. But that is not a law of nature, as is shown in this volume by the 15 examples from almost all continents. It also becomes quite clear that not only "politics", diplomats and politicians, are responsible for prevention. Prevention can also be organized successfully bottom up, by the people – for example, when a civil war is not only to be "put on ice" for a short period, but must be terminated in such a way that a resurgence of the fighting can be prevented permanently.

Health political background In 2006, the prevalence of overweight and adiposity among children and adolescents aged three to 17 years is 15%, 6.3% (800,000) of these are obese. Scientific background Obese children and adolescents have an increased body fat ratio. The reasons for overweight are - among others - sociocultural factors, and a low social status as determined by income and educational level of the parents. The consequences of adiposity during childhood are a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality in adulthood. Possible approaches to primary prevention in children and adolescents are measures taken in schools and kindergarten, as well as education and involvement of parents. Furthermore, preventive measures geared towards changing environmental and living conditions are of particular importance. Research questions What is the effectiveness and efficiency of different measures and programs (geared towards changing behaviour and environmental and living conditions) for primary prevention of adiposity in children and adolescents, with particular consideration of social aspects? Methods The systematic literature search yielded 1,649 abstracts. Following a two-part selection process with predefined criteria 31 publications were included in the assessment. Results The majority of interventions evaluated in primary studies take place in schools. As the measures are mostly multi-disciplinary and the interventions are often not described in detail, no criteria of success for the various interventions can be extrapolated from the reviews assessed. An economic model calculation for Australia, which compares the efficiency of different interventions (although on the basis of low evidence) comes to the conclusion that the intervention with the greatest impact on society is the reduction of TV-ads geared towards children for foods and drinks rich in fat and sugar. There is a significant correlation between adiposity and socioeconomic deprivation. The lack of interventions ...