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The paper consists of three parts. The first one describes the conditions in which foreign trade with UE countries is carried out. Those conditions are a result of dozens of years of Common Agricultural Policy followed by EEC countries whose objectives and system conditions for their realisation have been presented in the paper. The evolution of objectives and measures taken to achieve them have also been shown. The second part addresses the need to protect the food market in Poland, suggesting to make use of the UE's experience in that respect, including mainly the implementation of certain system conditions and necessary instruments required to provide protection of the market. The third part gives an account of what has happened so far in the area of the realisation of the Agreement about a Liaison between Poland and the European Union countries in the sector of food processing and agriculture. The 'agricultural' part of the Agreement has been presented and the possibilities of trading plus first attempts of its evaluation have also been presented. They do not look too good for Poland which seems to receive disadvantaged treatment in comparison with the countries associated in the EU. The ratification of GATT agreements relatively reduces those benefits, too. Therefore, the need to renegotiate the agricultural part of the agreement may be required if the promised benefits for Poland were to remain on paper only. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

Taxation of trading in cryptocurrencies raised many doubtsby the end of 2018, in particular in light of the lack of special rules in relation to income taxes and tax on civil law transactions. Since1 January 2019, the Polish legislator has decided to introduce into the Polish tax systema new and comprehensive regime sanctioning tax effects related to the virtual currency business in relation to both income taxes, while in mid-2018 a decision was taken to abandon for one year the collection of tax on civil law transactions. Trading in virtual currencies also produces certain effects in relation to the value added tax (tax on goods and services), in relation to whichthe leading role should be attributed to the 2015 judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The intention of this article is to presentan analysis of the rules related to the taxation of cryptocurrencies deepened by anindication of practical problems in their application and tax policy decisions, which in their assumption, were aimed to resolve these problems. Where appropriate, the author will also refer to tax situation before the changes were introduced. ; Opodatkowanie obrotu kryptowalutami do końca 2018 r. budziło wiele wątpliwości, w szczególności w świetle braku szczególnych zasad w podatkach dochodowych oraz podatku od czynności cywilnoprawnych. Od 1 stycznia 2019 r. polski ustawodawca postanowił wprowadzić do polskiego systemu podatkowego kompleksowy reżim sankcjonujący skutki podatkowe związane z obrotem walutą wirtualną w obydwu podatkach dochodowych, podczas gdy w połowie 2018 r. postanowił zaniechać na okres jednego roku poboru podatku od czynności cywilnoprawnych. Handel walutą wirtualną wywołuje określone skutki również w podatku od towarów i usług, gdzie wiodącą rolą w ich zdefiniowaniu przypisać należy wyrokowi Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z 2015 r. Zamiarem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie zasad związanych z opodatkowaniem obrotu kryptowalut ze wskazaniem na ich praktyczne problemy i decyzje polityki podatkowej, które w swoim założeniu miały te problemy usunąć. Tam gdzie jest to właściwe autor będzie odnosił się również do sytuacji prawno-podatkowej sprzed wprowadzenia zmian.