Suchergebnisse

O artigo fornece uma medida do importante papel que a agricultura brasileira desempenhou na formacao do capital urbano-industrial durante o periodo de "industrializacao substitutiva de importacoes", atraves de transferencias implicitas de recursos, decorrentes de divergencias entre os "termos de troca intersetoriais" e os seus respectivos valores-sombra. O trabalho mostra que, quando a industrializacao se intensificou, a partir de meados dos anos 50 em diante, essas divergencias aumentaram de tal modo que ocorreu uma consideravel transferencia de renda da agricultura, via taxacao implicita de seu produto final, penalizando tanto a agricultura de exportacao tradicional, que foi a mais duramente atingida, quanto a producao agricola para o mercado domestico, que, devido a efeitos-substituicoe

O presente trabalho analisa dados referentes a 282 pares de empresas estrangeiras e nacionais privadas, equiparadas em termos de volume de vendas. As diferencas entre os dois tipos de empresas sao surpreendentemente significativas. Em comparacao com as firmas nacionais, as estrangeiras operam com um numero menor de fabricas, tem niveis mais elevados de publicidade, fazem mais exportacoes, possuem maior produtividade, pagam salarios mais elevados e apresentam maior intensidade de capital

Infrastructure and productivity in Brazil. This article analyses the relationship between infrastructure and total factor productivity (TFP) in Brazil during the second half of the twenty century. Public capital is used as a proxy for infrastructure capital. The hypothesis to be tested is that an increase in infrastructure - more than than a rise in the private capital stock- has a positive effect on productivity on the long run. In that sense, it was used the Johansen methodology for testing the cointegration between TFP and the public/private capital ratio. In fact, it was found that this complementary relation (public-private) helps in explanning TFP's path from 1950 to 2000. The results were robust to different measures of productivity and the public/private ratio. In addition, the short (medium) run analysis has indicated that shocks in this ratio have a significant effect over the TFP, but the opposite is not true. Therefore, the cuts in infrastructure investment could be a possible explanation for the TFP's fall during the 70's and 80's. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

Relationship between the land market, economic growth and land insecurity explained by an overlapping model. This paper analyzes the relationship between the land market failures and the economic growth in Brazil, starting from an overlapping model including two sectors: agricultural and industrial. The land is both a specific factor for agriculture and an asset that can be substituted to the capital used in industry. The trade-off between land and capital holding depends, among other factors, on the transaction costs on the land market. These costs result from land insecurity and generate a decrease in the land price that favors capital accumulation. Two assumptions follow from our model: on the one hand, land insecurity has a negative effect on the land price; on the other hand it has a positive effect on economic growth. These two hypotheses are tested on panel data for Brazilian Federation. The econometric results do not reject the hypothesis. (Rev Econ Polít/GIGA)