During the Cold War, the Norwegian Armed Forces were organized to fight an invasion against Norwegian territory. The end of this era should at least in principle imply changes not only in military practices on the ground but also in the training and education of officers. This article analyses the inertia in the internationalization of higher military education programs in Norway, where the strengthening of a subject like International Relations began only at the end of the 1990s. One explanation for the discrepancy between the military curriculum, on the one hand, and the new military environment facing the officers, on the other, is that existing practices were taken for granted and reproduced in social structures. The debate about military education also reflects a traditional conflict between those who have seen an academization of military education as an intervention into the monopoly of knowledge of the officer profession, and those who embraced such a development. Adapted from the source document.
Press, Profession and Politics is a festschrift in honor of Paul Bjerke, who celebrated his 70th birthday on 2 October 2022. Bjerke has had a far-reaching career in journalism, research and as a social commentator. This festschrift consists of research articles, professional literature, and congratulatory texts from colleagues and collaborators in the media and academic communities. The anthology includes new analyses of various aspects of professional journalistic practice and reflections on the realities of journalism today.
Three key concepts are central to an understanding of Paul Bjerke's research work: press, profession and politics. These concepts comprise the title of the festschrift and are also used to structure its content, with the goal in mind of providing insight into some of the work Bjerke has contributed, as well as linking the texts in this anthology to his research activities. In addition, we gain insight into his many years as a journalist, news editor, and finally, the editor of Klassekampen.
This book will be of interest to media researchers and researchers in other disciplines concerned with the function of the media in society, as well as students and practitioners. - Presse, profesjon og politikk er et festskrift til Paul Bjerke, som fyller 70 år 2. oktober 2022. Bjerke har en allsidig karriere bak seg innen journalistikk, forskning og som samfunnsdebattant. Dette festskriftet samler forskningsartikler, fagartikler og hilsningstekster fra kolleger og samarbeidspartnere i presse og forskning. Boka inneholder nye analyser av forskjellige sider ved journalistisk profesjonspraksis og refleksjon rundt den virkeligheten journalistikken befinner seg i.
Tre hovedbegreper er sentrale når Paul Bjerkes forskergjerning skal sammenfattes: presse, profesjon og politikk. Disse utgjør tittelen på dette festskriftet og er også brukt for å organisere stoffet. Målet er både å gi et innblikk i en del av de arbeidene Bjerke har bidratt med, og samtidig koble tekstene i dette festskriftet til hans forskervirke. I denne boka får vi dessuten et innblikk i hans mange år som journalist, nyhetsredaktør og til slutt redaktør i Klassekampen.
Boka retter seg mot medieforskere, forskere innen andre fagdisipliner med interesse for medienes funksjon i samfunnet, studenter og praktikere.
Status of religious communities -- Relations between the state and Islam -- State support for Islamic religious communities -- Muslims in integration law -- Mosques and prayer houses -- Burials and cemeteries -- Education -- Further and higher (tertiary) education -- Islamic chaplaincy in public institutions -- Employment and social law -- Islamic slaughter and food regulation -- Islamic goods and services -- Islamic dress -- Criminal law -- Family law
Uncertainty at many levels in classical singers' career trajectories and professional practice is a fulcrum in this book. Produced through life history interviews with 14 professional Scandinavian singers, born between 1945 and 1978, the study follows the participants' experiences of possibilities and limitations of action through their life course. It obtains some of the prerequisites that underpin the practical knowledge of the singer considering the cultural traditions of classical singing and the hierarchical field of music the singers aim for and act within. The overarching theoretical framework is founded in Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, but the study has an interdisciplinary approach. Here, the pluralistic life course perspective forms the basis for understanding processes and changes over time. The study shows how singers' choices and strategies, reflections, opinions and preferences, can be understood in relation to their backgrounds, and their social positions in the classical music field where music is the interconnecting element. A comprehensive feature of the research material is how uncertainties are expressed as assessments as an answer to the uncertainty that characterizes singers as well as singing education, singing performance and the singing profession. This dominant practice of assessment is interpreted as a circular phenomenon, where the assessment culture becomes a consequence of uncertainty, while increasing uncertainty. - "Hvordan konstitueres klassiske sangeres løpebaner og sosiale praksis? Med utgangspunkt i livshistorieintervju med 14 profesjonelle skandinaviske sangere født mellom 1945 og 1978, søker denne studien en mer nyansert og helhetlig forståelse av denne kunstnergruppens mulighetsbetingelser. I boka ser forfatteren nærmere på sangernes oppvekstår, studietid og yrkesliv, samt overgangen mellom disse. I denne sammenheng gjøres usikkerhet til et omdreiningspunkt. Gjennom den komplekse relasjonen mellom det individuelle og kollektive, analyseres sangeres erfaringer i lys av historiske, sosiale og kulturelle mønstre som former løpebanene og strukturerer praksisen på bestemte måter. Her legger den klassiske sangens tradisjon sterke føringer. Den overordnede teoretiske rammen er fundert i Pierre Bourdieus praksisteori. Det pluralistiske livsløpsperspektivet utgjør grunnlaget for forståelsen av prosesser og endring over tid.
Det konkurransepregede og uforutsigbare arbeidsmarkedet som omgir sangerne medfører høy grad av risiko og usikkerhet. Boka belyser hvordan sangere legitimerer eget yrke og hvordan handlinger, valg, strategier, refleksjoner, meninger og preferanser kan forstås i relasjon til deres bakgrunn og til posisjoner i det klassiske musikkfeltet der musikken er det bindende element. Et gjennomgående trekk i forskningsmaterialet er hvordan usikkerhet kommer til uttrykk som vurderinger. Slik oppstår et sirkulært fenomen, hvor vurderingskulturen blir en konsekvens av usikkerhet, samtidig som den forsterker usikkerheten som preger sangerne så vel som sangopplæringen, sangutøvelsen og sangeryrket."
"How much room to manoeuvre do administrators of municipal social services feel they have in meeting organizational objectives? How much latitude do staff in these services have to utilize their own expertise in performing tasks? What challenges do welfare services face due to cultural diversity? Can new ways of working contribute to increased learning for students in the practice field? These are among the questions addressed in this book, in which challenges associated with maintaining society's objectives in municipal health, care and child welfare services are focused on. The goal is to provide the reader with insight into degree of latitude pratictioners have when seeking to utilize their own expertise in the context of their job.
The book is a collection of ten scholarly articles that, via new empirical studies and theoretical contributions, shed light on manoeuvering room within the practical fulfilment of professional welfare services in the two main municipal healthcare and child welfare organizations. Both services must comply with public regulatory measures in an increasingly more complex field; both are therefore examined in the same anthology.
Latitude in Professional Welfare Administration is directed primarily toward students in nursing, child welfare and social education, but may be of interest to students in other health and caregiving fields as well. Employees within municipal health and family services including child welfare services, and politicians involved in development within this sector, will also find this anthology useful.
The anthology's editors are Bente Lilljan Lind Kassah, professor of sociology at UiT The Arctic university of Norway in Harstad; Hilde Nordahl-Pedersen, assistant professor at UiT The Arctic university of Norway in Harstad; and Wivi-Ann Tingvoll, docent emerita at UiT The Arctic university of Norway in Narvik." - "Hvordan opplever ledere handlingsrommet for å ivareta kommunale tjenesters samfunnsoppdrag? Hvilket handlingsrom har ansatte når de skal benytte sin kompetanse for å løse oppgaver? Hvordan utfordres tjenesteutøvelsen av kulturelt mangfold? Kan nye arbeidsmåter bidra til å styrke studenters læring i praksisfeltet? Dette er spørsmål som tas opp i denne boken, der utfordringer knyttet til ivaretakelse av samfunnsoppdraget i de kommunale helse-, omsorg- og barneverntjenestene står sentralt. Hensikten er å gi leseren innblikk i tjenesteutøvernes handlingsrom når de søker å benytte sin kompetanse i tjenesteutøvelsen.
Boken samler ti vitenskapelige artikler som gjennom nye empiriske studier og teoretiske bidrag belyser handlingsrommet for tjenesteutøvelse av profesjonalisert velferd i kommunal helse- og omsorgstjeneste og kommunalt barnevern. Begge tjenestene skal imøtekomme offentlige myndigheters føringer i et stadig mer komplekst praksisfelt, og de belyses derfor i samme antologi.
Handlingsrom for profesjonalisert velferd er primært rettet mot studenter i sykepleie, barnevern og vernepleie, men kan også være aktuell for andre studenter innenfor helse- og omsorgsarbeid. Ansatte i kommunal helse- og omsorgstjeneste samt kommunalt barnevern og politikere som har innflytelse over utviklingen innenfor helse- og omsorgssektoren, vil også kunne ha nytte av å lese antologien.
Redaktører for antologien er Bente Lilljan Lind Kassah, professor i sosiologi ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet i Harstad, Hilde Nordahl-Pedersen, amanuensis ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet i Harstad, og Wivi-Ann Tingvoll, dosent emerita ved UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet i Narvik."
Comments on "refleksprosjektet"; a Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs initiative to define Norwegian foreign policy in a new era faced with global changes in the areas of environment, energy, global warming, health, poverty, world security, technology and communication, international migration, religion, the global economy and changes in Norwegian changes in the areas of oil, the petroleum fund, open society, and global economic dependencies. Comments include the relationship between government initiative reports and practical politics, challenges of future planning, and value of plans to increase experience based learning. Concludes that the value of the initiative is increased focus, interest, debate, and understanding of Norwegian foreign policy issues. References. E. Sundby
Provides an introduction to the history of modern Somalia followed by an analysis of the piracy epidemic that started in 2003. Political scientists consider Somalia the archetype of a failed state. The country is essentially divided in Somaliland, Puntland, Southern Somalia, and a number of smaller chiefdoms lacking a central regime and functioning government institutions. While pirate activity started already in 1991, it took twelve years before the activity became professional and well organized. After capturing several larger ships, such as Sirius Star and MV Faina, the pirates have been able to purchase better weaponry and communication devices making them even larger threats to passing ships. L. Pitkaniemi
A feature of our time has been marked interest in celebrity and celebrities of all kinds. Celebrities associated with the entertainment industry and, paradoxically, it is their life that attracts the most interest among the fans, rather than their professional successes and artistic expression pressure (Turner 2007: 5). Huge celebrity reportage focuses on the person's external attributes but also their global activism. Celebrity views on war, peace, gender equality, poverty reduction, debt relief and HIV/AIDS are among the things that make large space in the media and social networks. Facebook and Twitter make it possible for celebrities to quickly communicate their message to the fans and other interested audiences. Adapted from the source document.
This article reviews and compares Canadian and Russian approaches to Arctic fisheries management through a three-part format. First, the complex array of laws and policies applicable to Arctic fisheries is described for each country. How Canada and Russia have addressed international fishery issues is also highlighted, including their participation in the 2018 Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries Agreement. Second, commonalities in fisheries governance approaches are summarized, including national commitments to implement precautionary and ecosystem approaches. Finally, contrasts in Arctic fisheries management are discussed. Major differences include the greater devolution of management responsibilities by Canada to Indigenous communities through land-claim agreements and co-management arrangements and Russia's greater success in formalizing bilateral fisheries management arrangements with its neighbours.
On October 3, 2018, the so-called "Arctic Five plus Five" concluded the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAOFA, CAOF Agreement or Ilulissat Agreement). The CAOFA establishes a precautionary framework for the regulation of fisheries in the high seas of the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), including a temporary moratorium on unregulated commercial fishing. The purpose of this debate article is not to discuss the CAOFA's provisions on fisheries as such, but to take a look at a number of interesting and novel provisions concerning the interests of indigenous and local communities, particularly with respect to incorporation of indigenous and local knowledge into science-based fisheries management in the CAO.
"The purpose of this anthology is to show different perspectives on epistemology, research roles and contexts in action research. Contributors are researchers who have extensive experience in combining practice development and knowledge development in action research projects.
Several of the articles focus on the epistemological and methodological basis of action research and dilemmas related to the role of the researcher. Questions concerning the purpose of action research, methods of change, and what kind of knowledge is to be developed by and for whom are discussed. Some of the articles explore challenges that are about fundamental values, power, democracy, and dialogue in action research.
The articles also provide examples of how action research can be carried out in different contexts. Some articles are about researching your own practice, possibly with colleagues, students or other partners. There are also examples that show how researchers at universities are invited into ongoing research work e.g. in schools, health institutions, local communities or companies. The researchers contribute in various ways to facilitate the development process, with professional input, and with documentation.
Combining development and research, regardless of context, requires researchers to explain their position, and in collaboration with the participants clarify what roles or functions the participants should have and what is the goal of the development and research. An important issue in the anthology is to point out that action research as collaborative research will necessarily involve dilemmas related to power, values and different views on knowledge. We hope that the anthology will help to raise awareness of such dilemmas." - "Hensikten med denne antologien er å vise ulike perspektiver på grunnlagstenkning, ulike forskerroller og ulike kontekster for aksjonsforskning. Bidragsytere er forskere som har lang erfaring med å kombinere praksisutvikling og kunnskapsutvikling i aksjonsforskningsprosjekter.
Flere av artiklene retter søkelyset mot det epistemologiske og metodologiske grunnlaget i aksjonsforskning og dilemmaer knyttet til forskerrollen. Spørsmål som gjelder aksjonsforskningens hensikt, metoder for endring og hva slags kunnskap som skal utvikles og dokumenteres av og for hvem blir diskutert. Noen av artiklene utforsker utfordringer som handler om grunnleggende verdier, makt, demokrati og dialog i aksjonsforskning.
Artiklene gir også eksempler på hvordan aksjonsforskning kan gjennomføres i ulike kontekster. Noen handler om å forske i egen praksis, eventuelt sammen med kolleger, studenter eller andre samarbeidspartnere. Det er også eksempler som viser hvordan forskere ved universiteter og høgskoler blir invitert inn i pågående forbedringsarbeid, for eksempel i skoler, helseinstitusjoner, kommuner og bedrifter. Forskerne bidrar på ulike måter med å fasilitere utviklingsprosessen, med faglige innspill og med dokumentasjon.
Å kombinere utvikling og forskning krever uansett kontekst at forskere redegjør for sin posisjon og i samarbeid med deltakerne avklarer hvilke roller eller funksjoner deltakerne skal ha og hva som er målet med utviklingen og forskningen. Et viktig anliggende i antologien er å få fram at aksjonsforskning som samarbeidende forskning nødvendigvis vil innebære dilemmaer knyttet til makt, verdier og ulike syn på kunnskap. Vi håper antologien vil bidra til å styrke oppmerksomheten på slike dilemmaer."
Contrary to the view held by many actors, this paper, by using a quantitative and longitudinal analysis in a comparative perspective, show that demographic development in Northern Norway and Northern Sweden is much more similar than many think. Over the last 60 years, there has been a small negative trend in the relative percentage of the national population that lives in the two regions, with "knowledge cities", and especially the two university cities Tromsø and Umeå, as the exception. Despite Broxian social theories of regional development in Northern Norway and the implementation of a generous set of regional policies, there seems to be no cause to claim that Northern Norway has followed a unique path of development compared to Northern Sweden, neither in general nor in smaller and more rural communities.
