Suchergebnisse

The study of quality in early childhood education requires that the concept of quality itself and the processes used to define quality requirements are investigated explicitly. Currently, there are two opposing approaches to quality. One approach considers quality as a normative and universal concept while the other regards quality as a subjective and contextually specific concept. In this study, we question the pertinence of these two approaches, going beyond this opposition by integrating dimensions that universally favor children's wellbeing in daycare and dimensions that are specific to cultural, socioeconomic and political contexts. This study is theoretically anchored in theeco-systemic model.The project is structured into two phases. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. First, 103 structured interviews were realized in order to understand specific cultural values associated with quality services in early childhood out of home care in France.Results indicate that quality of adult-child interaction is rarely mentioned and priority is given to the determinant of these interactions. Educational dimensions of this relationship and meeting children's learning needs are rarely mentioned as constituent factors of quality. Specific aspects of the socioeconomic context and family politics in France clarify these results. On the basis of these initial findings, the second phase of research investigated 35 parent-professional relationships in daycare centers using questionnaires. Specifically, we examined the impact of their respective expectations and attitudes on the quality of their relationship. Person-centered cluster analyses were performed in order to identify mutual attitude profiles. Dyads were characterized on the basis of their expectations. Parent professional relationships were described using dimensions such as counseling, tutoring, parent supportive, confidential, professional service or parental satisfaction. Associations between these dimensions, parental stress, social support, ...

Do women in high priority neighbourhoods experience specific forms of discrimination, in particular in their use of public space (in and outside the neighbourhood) and in their relationship with socio-educational and leisure opportunities within these districts? Do those forms of discrimination relate to their sex, gender, age, membership of an area classified in city politics, where appropriate their confession, and, where appropriate, their racing by society, and regularly referred to as 'ethnic origin'? The inextricable entanglement of these factors? Does the focus on "women", although combined with other factors, risk invisibilising other forms of discrimination experienced in these territories, which include but are not reduced to the issue of sex social relationships? Are these forms of discrimination related to issues specific to these territories and/or are they linked to systemic issues that are embodied in various ways in these territories? Are local and regional professionals and hobbies of socio-educational and leisure structures involved in specific forms of discrimination? If so, do they feel equipped to deal with it? Finally, in the light of these questions, what guidelines can be envisaged for public action? At the time of the review, this report focuses on all these issues, reporting on an action study commissioned (by invitation to tender) by the City of Lyon (at the intersection of two delegations — Gender Equality, City Time and Disability and City Policy — and accompanied by the Mission Egalité de la Ville de Lyon) and led by the EgaliTer team of the GRePS laboratory. ; Les femmes des quartiers prioritaires lyonnais vivent-elles des formes spécifiques de discrimination, en particulier dans leurs usages de l'espace public (dans et hors-quartier) ainsi que dans leurs rapports aux offres socio-éducatives et de loisir au sein même de ces quartiers ? Ces discriminations tiennent-elles à leur sexe, à leur genre, à leur âge, à leur appartenance à un quartier classé en politique de la ville, à leur ...

Dealing with longer life expectancy and demographic deficit is currently a huge challenge for the social system of European member states. To face this challenge, it is necessary for legislators to develop a dedicated protection policy for the young people in a business relationship context and, at the same time, to redefine age limits policy especially in business relationship termination situation. The presented study focuses on the factuality of the « age » concept. Based on cultural history, confirmed by the legislator analysis of the physiological aging, « age » criterion is closely linked to general principles in E.U. legislation like, for example, the human dignity and the equal treatment. However, the « age » criterion still remains ambivalent which is underlined by the non-discrimination principle. This ambiguity is emphasized in business relationships which leads to the influence of the « age » in an ending working life situation. This intergenerational pact support, which influence the proceed of the pension liquidation, is currently experiencing a revival beyond E.U. member state boundaries. A converging point is achieved in old-age treatment which leads to new solidarity development schemes inside companies (like for example the company occupational scheme). An important objective is to promote the pursuance of a professional activity in order to retire later (increasing in the statutory retirement age, increment or reduce of the retirement pension, restriction of derogations, proscription of business relationship breaches if they are based on age, …) and to redefine the connection between age and business relationships (combined work and retirement, phased retirement, …). By this way, legislators promote a human longevity based age treatment in Europe ; L'allongement de la durée de la vie humaine et le déficit du rapport démographique constituent de véritables défis pour les systèmes sociaux des États membres. Pour y faire face, les législateurs doivent à la fois développer une politique de ...

National audience ; The French State is accused by the European Union of failing to protect its natural water resources. Yet there are many examples of water protection success. Lons-le-Saunier is one sych example where the town council implements preventive actions to preserve drinking water quality. Our paper analyses the negociation process between the town council and the farmers. We conducted a long-term study which integrated the professional dynamics of farmers. Thirty people were interviewed in order to understand their mutual relationships and their own representation of the environmental problem and of the solution adopted Three more or less conflicting priods were detected. In the first period contracts to alter farming practices were signed between the town council and the farmers. In the second period these contracts were renewed by tacit agreement. The third period was characterized by a growing complexity of regulations and the intervention of an increasing number of state stakeholders. In all, this environmental policy remains original and precursory. Yet, contrary to what is currently reported in the media organic farming does not serve water quality today in this particular area. The role played by the town council must be underlined here. They chose a dialogue approach but sometimes used regulatory tools to oblige farmers to take part in the negotiation. The farmers' commitment to natural resources protection may be explained by the material and symbolic benefits they obtained. ; Contrainte par l'Union européenne à renforcer ses mesures de protection des ressources naturelles en eau, la France comporte quelques exemple de réussite en la matière. Ainsi en est-il du cas de Lons-le-Saunier, précurseur en matière de protection préventive de la qualité de l'eau. Notre étude a porté sur le processus de négociation entre les autorités publiques locales et les agriculteurs, analysé sur le temps long, en intégrant les dynamiques professionnelles agricoles. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle ...

The establishment of a World Heritage Site based on mixed criteria combines objectives relating both to the preservation and the promotion of natural and cultural systems. They may profoundly transform both the relationships to these places and the places themselves. This thesis addresses these dynamics through the prism of tourism. It is based on a comparative study of tourism in two European UNESCO World Heritage Sites situated in mountainous regions: Laponia (in northern Sweden), part of the ancestral land of the Sami people who practice transhumant reindeer husbandry; and Pyrénées-Mont Perdu (a transboundary area between France and Spain), shaped by ovine and bovine agro-pastoralism.This research is based on a comparative ethnographic approach that focuses on the practices, knowledge, know-how, representations and imaginaries of the diverse users of the sites (local tourism professionals, herders, national park agents, politicians and tourists). The analysis shows that the labelling of these regions by UNESCO took place in the context of a broader dynamic process concerning much more than just the moment of inscription on the World Heritage List, which mobilised local actors around the many diverse stakes raised by and related to the label. Tourism has a specific place in this dynamic as it intersects with all features of local development and is subject to a diversity of projected views of and visions for the region. This thesis demonstrates that, if the development of tourism is a fundamental expectation of the labelling process for some local actors, the sites' labelling has in fact only an indirect effect on how local people adapt to and develop tourism within their territories. The analysis of this process underscores the determining character of the herders' formation into a political body: the observed changes on the Sami territory are the result of the Sami's commitment to involvement in the site's governance, itself linked to the wider context of their long struggle to get their rights and culture ...

The establishment of a World Heritage Site based on mixed criteria combines objectives relating both to the preservation and the promotion of natural and cultural systems. They may profoundly transform both the relationships to these places and the places themselves. This thesis addresses these dynamics through the prism of tourism. It is based on a comparative study of tourism in two European UNESCO World Heritage Sites situated in mountainous regions: Laponia (in northern Sweden), part of the ancestral land of the Sami people who practice transhumant reindeer husbandry; and Pyrénées-Mont Perdu (a transboundary area between France and Spain), shaped by ovine and bovine agro-pastoralism.This research is based on a comparative ethnographic approach that focuses on the practices, knowledge, know-how, representations and imaginaries of the diverse users of the sites (local tourism professionals, herders, national park agents, politicians and tourists). The analysis shows that the labelling of these regions by UNESCO took place in the context of a broader dynamic process concerning much more than just the moment of inscription on the World Heritage List, which mobilised local actors around the many diverse stakes raised by and related to the label. Tourism has a specific place in this dynamic as it intersects with all features of local development and is subject to a diversity of projected views of and visions for the region. This thesis demonstrates that, if the development of tourism is a fundamental expectation of the labelling process for some local actors, the sites' labelling has in fact only an indirect effect on how local people adapt to and develop tourism within their territories. The analysis of this process underscores the determining character of the herders' formation into a political body: the observed changes on the Sami territory are the result of the Sami's commitment to involvement in the site's governance, itself linked to the wider context of their long struggle to get their rights and culture ...

The establishment of a World Heritage Site based on mixed criteria combines objectives relating both to the preservation and the promotion of natural and cultural systems. They may profoundly transform both the relationships to these places and the places themselves. This thesis addresses these dynamics through the prism of tourism. It is based on a comparative study of tourism in two European UNESCO World Heritage Sites situated in mountainous regions: Laponia (in northern Sweden), part of the ancestral land of the Sami people who practice transhumant reindeer husbandry; and Pyrénées-Mont Perdu (a transboundary area between France and Spain), shaped by ovine and bovine agro-pastoralism.This research is based on a comparative ethnographic approach that focuses on the practices, knowledge, know-how, representations and imaginaries of the diverse users of the sites (local tourism professionals, herders, national park agents, politicians and tourists). The analysis shows that the labelling of these regions by UNESCO took place in the context of a broader dynamic process concerning much more than just the moment of inscription on the World Heritage List, which mobilised local actors around the many diverse stakes raised by and related to the label. Tourism has a specific place in this dynamic as it intersects with all features of local development and is subject to a diversity of projected views of and visions for the region. This thesis demonstrates that, if the development of tourism is a fundamental expectation of the labelling process for some local actors, the sites' labelling has in fact only an indirect effect on how local people adapt to and develop tourism within their territories. The analysis of this process underscores the determining character of the herders' formation into a political body: the observed changes on the Sami territory are the result of the Sami's commitment to involvement in the site's governance, itself linked to the wider context of their long struggle to get their rights and culture ...

The establishment of a World Heritage Site based on mixed criteria combines objectives relating both to the preservation and the promotion of natural and cultural systems. They may profoundly transform both the relationships to these places and the places themselves. This thesis addresses these dynamics through the prism of tourism. It is based on a comparative study of tourism in two European UNESCO World Heritage Sites situated in mountainous regions: Laponia (in northern Sweden), part of the ancestral land of the Sami people who practice transhumant reindeer husbandry; and Pyrénées-Mont Perdu (a transboundary area between France and Spain), shaped by ovine and bovine agro-pastoralism.This research is based on a comparative ethnographic approach that focuses on the practices, knowledge, know-how, representations and imaginaries of the diverse users of the sites (local tourism professionals, herders, national park agents, politicians and tourists). The analysis shows that the labelling of these regions by UNESCO took place in the context of a broader dynamic process concerning much more than just the moment of inscription on the World Heritage List, which mobilised local actors around the many diverse stakes raised by and related to the label. Tourism has a specific place in this dynamic as it intersects with all features of local development and is subject to a diversity of projected views of and visions for the region. This thesis demonstrates that, if the development of tourism is a fundamental expectation of the labelling process for some local actors, the sites' labelling has in fact only an indirect effect on how local people adapt to and develop tourism within their territories. The analysis of this process underscores the determining character of the herders' formation into a political body: the observed changes on the Sami territory are the result of the Sami's commitment to involvement in the site's governance, itself linked to the wider context of their long struggle to get their rights and culture ...

Contrainte par l'Union européenne à renforcer ses mesures de protection des ressources naturelles en eau, la France comporte quelques exemple de réussite en la matière. Ainsi en est-il du cas de Lons-le-Saunier, précurseur en matière de protection préventive de la qualité de l'eau. Notre étude a porté sur le processus de négociation entre les autorités publiques locales et les agriculteurs, analysé sur le temps long, en intégrant les dynamiques professionnelles agricoles. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle central des élus lédoniens qui, tout en ayant choisi la voie de la concertation, mobilisent ponctuellement les outils réglementaires pour contraindre les agriculteurs. L'engagement de ces derniers dans la protection de la ressource s'explique également par les bénéfices matériels et symboliques qu'ils en ont obtenus sur le plan professionnel. ; The French State is accused by the European Union of failing to protect its natural water resources. Yet there are many examples of water protection success. Lons-le-Saunier is one sych example where the town council implements preventive actions to preserve drinking water quality. Our paper analyses the negociation process between the town council and the farmers. We conducted a long-term study which integrated the professional dynamics of farmers. Thirty people were interviewed in order to understand their mutual relationships and their own representation of the environmental problem and of the solution adopted Three more or less conflicting priods were detected. In the first period contracts to alter farming practices were signed between the town council and the farmers. In the second period these contracts were renewed by tacit agreement. The third period was characterized by a growing complexity of regulations and the intervention of an increasing number of state stakeholders. In all, this environmental policy remains original and precursory. Yet, contrary to what is currently reported in the media organic farming does not serve water quality today in this particular area. The role played by the town council must be underlined here. They chose a dialogue approach but sometimes used regulatory tools to oblige farmers to take part in the negotiation. The farmers' commitment to natural resources protection may be explained by the material and symbolic benefits they obtained.

Dealing with longer life expectancy and demographic deficit is currently a huge challenge for the social system of European member states. To face this challenge, it is necessary for legislators to develop a dedicated protection policy for the young people in a business relationship context and, at the same time, to redefine age limits policy especially in business relationship termination situation. The presented study focuses on the factuality of the « age » concept. Based on cultural history, confirmed by the legislator analysis of the physiological aging, « age » criterion is closely linked to general principles in E.U. legislation like, for example, the human dignity and the equal treatment. However, the « age » criterion still remains ambivalent which is underlined by the non-discrimination principle. This ambiguity is emphasized in business relationships which leads to the influence of the « age » in an ending working life situation. This intergenerational pact support, which influence the proceed of the pension liquidation, is currently experiencing a revival beyond E.U. member state boundaries. A converging point is achieved in old-age treatment which leads to new solidarity development schemes inside companies (like for example the company occupational scheme). An important objective is to promote the pursuance of a professional activity in order to retire later (increasing in the statutory retirement age, increment or reduce of the retirement pension, restriction of derogations, proscription of business relationship breaches if they are based on age, …) and to redefine the connection between age and business relationships (combined work and retirement, phased retirement, …). By this way, legislators promote a human longevity based age treatment in Europe ; L'allongement de la durée de la vie humaine et le déficit du rapport démographique constituent de véritables défis pour les systèmes sociaux des États membres. Pour y faire face, les législateurs doivent à la fois développer une politique de protection des plus jeunes dans le cadre des relations professionnelles, tout en revisitant les logiques des seuils d'âge notamment au regard de la fin de ces relations. Cette étude a vocation à s'interroger sur l'existence d'un concept de l'âge. Fort d'une histoire culturelle, confortée par une analyse du phénomène physiologique du vieillissement par le législateur, le critère de l'âge entretient des liens particuliers avec les principes généraux du droit de l'Union, tel que le principe de la dignité humaine et le principe de l'égalité de traitement. Malgré tout, le critère de l'âge conserve une ambivalence certaine, mise en exergue à travers le principe général du droit de l'Union de non-discrimination à raison de l'âge. Cette ambivalence se manifeste plus fortement encore à l'issue des relations professionnelles, posant ainsi la question de la place de l'âge à la fin de la vie active. Ce curseur au soutien du pacte intergénérationnel, conditionnant le bénéfice de la liquidation de la pension, connaît actuellement un renouveau, dépassant les frontières des États membres. Une convergence dans le traitement de la vieillesse se crée, tendant au développement de nouvelles solidarités dans le cadre de l'entreprise (régimes professionnels d'entreprise). Il s'agit en outre de favoriser la poursuite de l'activité à un âge élevé (relèvement de l'âge légal de la retraite, décote, surcote, encadrement des régimes dérogatoires, prohibition des ruptures de la relation de travail fondée sur l'âge…) et de repenser les rapports entre les relations de travail et l'âge (cumul emploi - retraite, retraite progressive…). Ce faisant, les législateurs promeuvent un traitement de l'âge qui s'inscrit dans la problématique générale de la longévité humaine en Europe