After the Second World War, Western European societies had seen some changes in cultural values associated with liberalization, individualism, and hedonism. Value change in society becomes more and more relevant because it means the decreasing level of traditionalism and individual commitment to the group whereas self-realiza-tion becomes more and more relevant. After the war, the peace time was established and as a result the importance of modern state armies started to diminish. Nowadays modern armies are affected by organizational changes and adapt the characteristics of civilian organizations. According to some authors, in postindustrial society the professional identity of a military officer is similar to the one of a manager or an ordinary bureaucrat. For a long time, the profession of a military officer was asso-ciated with heroism, idealism, honor and prestige. The officers' corps was regarded as a military elite manifesting leadership and high standards of a military ethics. These values remain relevant in the normative documents of armies. As an army representa-tive, military officer is also a member of a civil society. Therefore, a military officer faces the challenge of having to adapt to culturally different values of both modern society and traditional military. His professional identity has to combine culturally diverse landmarks of both society and the army. Ambivalent values determine the conf lict of different values in officer's professional identity. The conducted research demonstrates that ambivalence points to the military officers' dissatisfaction with self-realization in military service, horizontal relationships with subordinates and compatibility of family and service time.
After the Second World War, Western European societies had seen some changes in cultural values associated with liberalization, individualism, and hedonism. Value change in society becomes more and more relevant because it means the decreasing level of traditionalism and individual commitment to the group whereas self-realiza-tion becomes more and more relevant. After the war, the peace time was established and as a result the importance of modern state armies started to diminish. Nowadays modern armies are affected by organizational changes and adapt the characteristics of civilian organizations. According to some authors, in postindustrial society the professional identity of a military officer is similar to the one of a manager or an ordinary bureaucrat. For a long time, the profession of a military officer was asso-ciated with heroism, idealism, honor and prestige. The officers' corps was regarded as a military elite manifesting leadership and high standards of a military ethics. These values remain relevant in the normative documents of armies. As an army representa-tive, military officer is also a member of a civil society. Therefore, a military officer faces the challenge of having to adapt to culturally different values of both modern society and traditional military. His professional identity has to combine culturally diverse landmarks of both society and the army. Ambivalent values determine the conf lict of different values in officer's professional identity. The conducted research demonstrates that ambivalence points to the military officers' dissatisfaction with self-realization in military service, horizontal relationships with subordinates and compatibility of family and service time.
After the Second World War, Western European societies had seen some changes in cultural values associated with liberalization, individualism, and hedonism. Value change in society becomes more and more relevant because it means the decreasing level of traditionalism and individual commitment to the group whereas self-realiza-tion becomes more and more relevant. After the war, the peace time was established and as a result the importance of modern state armies started to diminish. Nowadays modern armies are affected by organizational changes and adapt the characteristics of civilian organizations. According to some authors, in postindustrial society the professional identity of a military officer is similar to the one of a manager or an ordinary bureaucrat. For a long time, the profession of a military officer was asso-ciated with heroism, idealism, honor and prestige. The officers' corps was regarded as a military elite manifesting leadership and high standards of a military ethics. These values remain relevant in the normative documents of armies. As an army representa-tive, military officer is also a member of a civil society. Therefore, a military officer faces the challenge of having to adapt to culturally different values of both modern society and traditional military. His professional identity has to combine culturally diverse landmarks of both society and the army. Ambivalent values determine the conf lict of different values in officer's professional identity. The conducted research demonstrates that ambivalence points to the military officers' dissatisfaction with self-realization in military service, horizontal relationships with subordinates and compatibility of family and service time.
After the Second World War, Western European societies had seen some changes in cultural values associated with liberalization, individualism, and hedonism. Value change in society becomes more and more relevant because it means the decreasing level of traditionalism and individual commitment to the group whereas self-realiza-tion becomes more and more relevant. After the war, the peace time was established and as a result the importance of modern state armies started to diminish. Nowadays modern armies are affected by organizational changes and adapt the characteristics of civilian organizations. According to some authors, in postindustrial society the professional identity of a military officer is similar to the one of a manager or an ordinary bureaucrat. For a long time, the profession of a military officer was asso-ciated with heroism, idealism, honor and prestige. The officers' corps was regarded as a military elite manifesting leadership and high standards of a military ethics. These values remain relevant in the normative documents of armies. As an army representa-tive, military officer is also a member of a civil society. Therefore, a military officer faces the challenge of having to adapt to culturally different values of both modern society and traditional military. His professional identity has to combine culturally diverse landmarks of both society and the army. Ambivalent values determine the conf lict of different values in officer's professional identity. The conducted research demonstrates that ambivalence points to the military officers' dissatisfaction with self-realization in military service, horizontal relationships with subordinates and compatibility of family and service time.
The theoretical part of the research analyses the main focuses concerning parents' satisfaction with the services provided by speech therapists and support to their children as well as to the families in pre-school in Lithuania as well as in other European countries. The aim of the research is to assess the parents' raising up pre-school children, who need speech therapy, satisfaction with speech therapy support. There were applied the theoretical analysis of literature and documents, secondary analysis of documents as well as empirical (questionnaire and interview), and statistical methods. Methods of descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) were applied for statistical analysis. The sample of research (questionnaire survey) consists of 198 parents with pre-school children, who receive speech therapy at pre-school, as well as 4 respondents who took part in an interview in order to ascertain the views and attitudes towards the given support and its contents. The main conclusions of the empirical part of the research: 1. The scientific literature and analysis of documents show that Lithuania, focusing on the European Union's education policy, shifts from a narrow orientation to the child's and the support to him/her, based on the traditional institutional assistance of a speech therapist to a child in educational institution, to a systemic educational model focused not only on a child but also on a families, involved into the child's education. 2. The analysis of the research results suggests that most of participated parents appreciate the speech therapy support to their child. Especially well regarded is speech therapy support for children in means of communication with a child and used forms and methods of the assistance. Parents involved in the research welcomed positively the provided information for them about the child's speech and language development and education opportunities as well as advices of speech therapist which makes the child feel safe, offers new ideas for child's education. 3. The results of the survey suggest that parental satisfaction with the support of speech therapist determine successful parents-professionals relationships, when it is discussed and agreed on the possible solutions. According to the opinion of parents who participated in the survey, although experts tend to communicate with parents with empathy, the cooperation is most often confined with advices how education child's speech at home. 4. The study showed that parents assess the support of speech therapy as an appropriate model for the child's speech and language development as well as other development areas. According to the respondents, professionals respect their family values and lifestyle, but they believe there should be a greater involvement of the parents into child's speech and language development activities as well as into the processes of development of speech and language education programmes. 5. The results showed that professionals' attitudes towards the cooperation based on their professional experience are positive, but it is still emphasized the lack of parental motivation to collaborate. Speech therapists, depending on parents' expectations, reconcile the parent and child's satisfaction with the educational process and speech therapy effectiveness. Most of speech therapists are satisfied with their work when a child succeeds in overcoming language and communication disorders, and develop positive relationships with parents and children, i.e. when it is sought the harmony between satisfaction with teaching and learning process and the efficiency of speech therapy.
The theoretical part of the research analyses the main focuses concerning parents' satisfaction with the services provided by speech therapists and support to their children as well as to the families in pre-school in Lithuania as well as in other European countries. The aim of the research is to assess the parents' raising up pre-school children, who need speech therapy, satisfaction with speech therapy support. There were applied the theoretical analysis of literature and documents, secondary analysis of documents as well as empirical (questionnaire and interview), and statistical methods. Methods of descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies) were applied for statistical analysis. The sample of research (questionnaire survey) consists of 198 parents with pre-school children, who receive speech therapy at pre-school, as well as 4 respondents who took part in an interview in order to ascertain the views and attitudes towards the given support and its contents. The main conclusions of the empirical part of the research: 1. The scientific literature and analysis of documents show that Lithuania, focusing on the European Union's education policy, shifts from a narrow orientation to the child's and the support to him/her, based on the traditional institutional assistance of a speech therapist to a child in educational institution, to a systemic educational model focused not only on a child but also on a families, involved into the child's education. 2. The analysis of the research results suggests that most of participated parents appreciate the speech therapy support to their child. Especially well regarded is speech therapy support for children in means of communication with a child and used forms and methods of the assistance. Parents involved in the research welcomed positively the provided information for them about the child's speech and language development and education opportunities as well as advices of speech therapist which makes the child feel safe, offers new ideas for child's education. 3. The results of the survey suggest that parental satisfaction with the support of speech therapist determine successful parents-professionals relationships, when it is discussed and agreed on the possible solutions. According to the opinion of parents who participated in the survey, although experts tend to communicate with parents with empathy, the cooperation is most often confined with advices how education child's speech at home. 4. The study showed that parents assess the support of speech therapy as an appropriate model for the child's speech and language development as well as other development areas. According to the respondents, professionals respect their family values and lifestyle, but they believe there should be a greater involvement of the parents into child's speech and language development activities as well as into the processes of development of speech and language education programmes. 5. The results showed that professionals' attitudes towards the cooperation based on their professional experience are positive, but it is still emphasized the lack of parental motivation to collaborate. Speech therapists, depending on parents' expectations, reconcile the parent and child's satisfaction with the educational process and speech therapy effectiveness. Most of speech therapists are satisfied with their work when a child succeeds in overcoming language and communication disorders, and develop positive relationships with parents and children, i.e. when it is sought the harmony between satisfaction with teaching and learning process and the efficiency of speech therapy.
The Master's thesis Application of Mediation in Violent Conflicts investigates the application of mediation of violent conflicts not only in criminal justice, but also in family disputes, where the party to the dispute is often bound or has been bound by violent conflicts in the past. In order to investigate and reveal the obligations and shortcomings of the implementation of mediation when there are manifestations of violent behavior and to make suggestions for the development of this type of conflict mediation in Lithuania, a qualitative study was conducted with experts who have been working with violent conflicts for some time. During the analysis of the scientific literature and the empirical research, the two defensive statements raised in the master's thesis were confirmed: 1.Mediation in violent conflicts is possible, but there are certain risk factors, therefore mediators in such conflicts have to take responsibility, assess not only their personal abilities and available professional knowledge, but also assess potential risk factors and using specific strategies, techniques, to carry out a secure mediation process.2.In order to develop the application of mediation in cases of violent conflicts and to improve the quality of such mediation services, it is necessary to further develop such a service and train specialized mediators.
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
Lawyers participate in justice implementation, represent and protect legal interests of his/her clients in the court, state or municipal institutions or other organizations. Professional activities of a lawyer require to follow legal and moral obligation to the client, a lawyer profession, society, courts and other institutions where he/she protects clients' interests, represent them and act the behalf of a client. A lawyer must protect professional honour and dignity, not to discredit a lawyer name, the given oath and the idea of justice. The article presents the examined essential principles in society of a lawyer role embedded in international legal acts. The article identifies lawyer rights and security in the relationships with clients and other state institutions, examines the contents of a lawyer right to join professional associations, presents legal proceedings of a disciplinary case and peculiarities of application of a lawyer legal responsibility and reveals the contents of a lawyer right to judicious compensation.
The article is grounded on ecological systems' approach. It was aimed to reveal the theoretical concept of family-centred early support and its' interpretations in practice. The focus was the theoretical conception of family-centred early support and the identification of the structural components of early support to the child and family practice, through the experiences of professionals and pedagogues as research participants. The attitudes of family-centred support are analysed within the paradigms' change process. Data gathered using a semi-structured interview method and qualitative content analysis revealed the structural components of support to the child and family in pre-school education institutions; illustrated and interpreted the experiences of professionals' and pedagogues' in the context of an ecological systems model. A theoretical analysis maintained that family-centred practice is replacing the traditional child-oriented paradigm. Within this context the importance of importance of (non)formal, (non)direct services to the child and family were emphasised. Professionals' support is provided with consideration to the child's environment and his/her functioning, the empowerment of the child and family, emotional and informational support to the family, and the strengthening ofrelationships between parents and the child. The direction of the support was predicted in collaboration with professionals and parents, considering the strengths of the child and family, using resources of the family and the institution, and in creating equal inter-relationships. The experience of professionals and pedagogues shows that practice is still based on a child-oriented philosophy, determined by the specialities of professionals' initial training and the legislation of professional activity.
The article is grounded on ecological systems' approach. It was aimed to reveal the theoretical concept of family-centred early support and its' interpretations in practice. The focus was the theoretical conception of family-centred early support and the identification of the structural components of early support to the child and family practice, through the experiences of professionals and pedagogues as research participants. The attitudes of family-centred support are analysed within the paradigms' change process. Data gathered using a semi-structured interview method and qualitative content analysis revealed the structural components of support to the child and family in pre-school education institutions; illustrated and interpreted the experiences of professionals' and pedagogues' in the context of an ecological systems model. A theoretical analysis maintained that family-centred practice is replacing the traditional child-oriented paradigm. Within this context the importance of importance of (non)formal, (non)direct services to the child and family were emphasised. Professionals' support is provided with consideration to the child's environment and his/her functioning, the empowerment of the child and family, emotional and informational support to the family, and the strengthening ofrelationships between parents and the child. The direction of the support was predicted in collaboration with professionals and parents, considering the strengths of the child and family, using resources of the family and the institution, and in creating equal inter-relationships. The experience of professionals and pedagogues shows that practice is still based on a child-oriented philosophy, determined by the specialities of professionals' initial training and the legislation of professional activity.
The aim of this work was to analyze The Formation of Lithuanian Reform Movement by raising a question whether the Reform Movement micro-network formed on the preexisting network basis and what had a reason for its extention. The assumptions of the Reform Movement are analyzed through the methodological access of the social network analysis. The formation of the Reform Movement is analyzed in two sections: the micro-network and individual level. Micro-network analysis section will help to examine on what social network The Reform Movement support groups were forming in Šiauliai and Trakai districts. It is worthwhile to investigate the micro-level network because it reflects the internal dynamics of collective action among network members and the relationship between existing configuration. This level of analysis shows how the relatively static social structure transforms into a dynamic collective action. The individual level helps to find out the reasons of involvement in the mass movements of micro-network, social environment practises (taking into account the fear, confidence factors), also helps to find out the impact of Šiauliai and Trakai districts for micro-network formation. The structure of micro-network formation and the role of people acting in the movement were analyzed using the social network theory. In this work there was hypothesized that the formation of micro-networks was influenced by early local network problems and interpersonal networks. Social network analysis in Šiauliai and Trakai approved the hypothesis of this work. The study showed that previously existed local problems in Trakai strongly influenced the early formation of the Movement of micro-network, while the formation of the Movement in Šiauliai was influenced by the previously existed interpersonal networks. The qualitative research showed that the Movement formed from multiple individual initiatives that often invoked ecological and environmental problems. It should be noted that the Movement for the further development of micro network has a significant impact on professional relationships, on which were based largely created support groups. Looking into weak and strong networks, noted that there was a greater impact of weak based bounded groups. Further studies exploring the formation of the Movement could focus on the influence of the Soviet underground organizations understanding what was the impact of the Movement on the social micro-network and its development. It is also important to investigate the underground network led to the emergence of the Movement. It is worthwile to examine the support groups of students, theri motivation for engaging in the Movement. The Movement is poorly researched in terms of political sociology, and there are many aspects of the analysis of many sections which can deal with this broad social movement. It is also important to investigate the underground network led to the emergence of the Movement Movement. It is worthwhile to examine the involvement of students and the mass movement, which encouraged students to develop support groups, as has been widely school network support group. Movement is poorly researched in terms of political sociology, and there are many aspects of the analysis of many sections, which can deal with this broad social movement.
The aim of this work was to analyze The Formation of Lithuanian Reform Movement by raising a question whether the Reform Movement micro-network formed on the preexisting network basis and what had a reason for its extention. The assumptions of the Reform Movement are analyzed through the methodological access of the social network analysis. The formation of the Reform Movement is analyzed in two sections: the micro-network and individual level. Micro-network analysis section will help to examine on what social network The Reform Movement support groups were forming in Šiauliai and Trakai districts. It is worthwhile to investigate the micro-level network because it reflects the internal dynamics of collective action among network members and the relationship between existing configuration. This level of analysis shows how the relatively static social structure transforms into a dynamic collective action. The individual level helps to find out the reasons of involvement in the mass movements of micro-network, social environment practises (taking into account the fear, confidence factors), also helps to find out the impact of Šiauliai and Trakai districts for micro-network formation. The structure of micro-network formation and the role of people acting in the movement were analyzed using the social network theory. In this work there was hypothesized that the formation of micro-networks was influenced by early local network problems and interpersonal networks. Social network analysis in Šiauliai and Trakai approved the hypothesis of this work. The study showed that previously existed local problems in Trakai strongly influenced the early formation of the Movement of micro-network, while the formation of the Movement in Šiauliai was influenced by the previously existed interpersonal networks. The qualitative research showed that the Movement formed from multiple individual initiatives that often invoked ecological and environmental problems. It should be noted that the Movement for the further development of micro network has a significant impact on professional relationships, on which were based largely created support groups. Looking into weak and strong networks, noted that there was a greater impact of weak based bounded groups. Further studies exploring the formation of the Movement could focus on the influence of the Soviet underground organizations understanding what was the impact of the Movement on the social micro-network and its development. It is also important to investigate the underground network led to the emergence of the Movement. It is worthwile to examine the support groups of students, theri motivation for engaging in the Movement. The Movement is poorly researched in terms of political sociology, and there are many aspects of the analysis of many sections which can deal with this broad social movement. It is also important to investigate the underground network led to the emergence of the Movement Movement. It is worthwhile to examine the involvement of students and the mass movement, which encouraged students to develop support groups, as has been widely school network support group. Movement is poorly researched in terms of political sociology, and there are many aspects of the analysis of many sections, which can deal with this broad social movement.
