Suchergebnisse

Ramón Carrillo's professional career and relationships before he became the first Secretary of Public Health in Argentina (1946) have not been thoroughly studied. First, this article analyzes a series of readers' letters published in La Semana Médica in the early 1940s. These letters shed light on the internal disputes that took place in the University of Buenos Aires' School of Medical Science during the competitive examinations for the Neurosurgery chair. Second, Carrillo's transition from this prestigious academic position to Acting Dean for the School of Medical Science will be examined. It is the relationships built during these years that enabled him to reach a privileged political position in government. ; La trayectoria y los vínculos que entabló Ramón Carrillo con anterioridad a ejercer el cargo de primer secretario de Salud Pública en la Argentina (1946) no han sido objeto de estudio pormenorizado. Así pues en este artículo se analizarán en primer lugar, una serie de cartas de lectores publicadas en La Semana Médica en los primeros años de la década del '40 del siglo XX. Estas notas permiten comprender las disputas internas que se produjeron en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas al producirse el concurso de Titular de Neurocirugía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. En segundo lugar, se revisará cómo Carrillo pasa de ocupar este prestigioso cargo académico a convertirse en decano interino de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Son las relaciones que anuda durante estos años las que lo posicionan en un escenario político privilegiado para alcanzar un relevante puesto en la administración pública.

El presente artículo plantea el problema de las políticas de formación docente poniendo el acento en los procesos de cambio curricular. Trabaja en primer lugar, los inicios y las características de dichos procesos, para avanzar luego hacia algunas cuestiones de la estructura curricular. Se desarrolla luego de manera especial el problema de la formación profesional con la mirada puesta en las relaciones entre la teoría y la práctica y a su atención en el diseño y desarrollo curricular. Se plantean también algunas cuestiones referidas a las competencias esperadas en los profesores y los modos de tratar de lograrlas. El artículo también plantea algunas cuestiones propias de las Políticas y acciones referidas al fomento de la investigación y de las innovaciones y a la actualización y perfeccionamiento docente. ; This article presents the problem of teacher training policies, putting emphasis on the processes of curriculum change. In the first place, the article deals with the beginning and the characteristics of such processes and then, with some curriculum structure issues. The problem with professional training is later developed, focusing on the relationships between theory and practice and theur importance for designing and developing the curriculum. Some issues regarding the abilities expected from the professors and the ways of trying to achieve them are also presented. The article presents, as well, some issues as regards Politics and actions related to research and innovation promotion and teaching updating and perfecting. ; Fil: Brovelli, Marta Susana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina.

The historical-demographic approach of family in their relationship with society with different transitory societal or community typologies is a complex initiative that needs a methodological approach including peripheral elements as well, besides a deep analysis on the central defining elements. The historical demography and other sciences, such as anthropology or history of mentalities, by directly or collaterally approaching the family, often make references to the three important moments in the individual's life: birth, marriage and death.
We have used several categories of documentary sources in our survey. We have the information on the population in north-western Romania due to the ecclesiastic notes (in the parish records or reports and the bishopric notes); on the other hand, we have the information provided by the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian state. Methodologically, the first phase of our research consisted of the preparation of the documents investigation strategy, as expected. In our research, we consider the fact that we approach the area of ecclesiastic entities, as most of our sources for the 19th century belong to the church. This imposes a stress on the confession and its importance. Besides confession, an aspect that we wish to underline is ethnicity. In our investigation on the family the main stress was laid on the survey and analysis of different marital behaviours. Through different constraints and determinisms entailed by the possibility to choose, marriage is highly relevant in establishing behavioural laws (if they ever existed!?). The dimension of the marital market corroborated with the ethno-confessional and socio-professional realities provided the particularities of the marital phenomenon.
Referring to the lay and ecclesiastic legal framework, we support the need for a flexible approach of the topic. The logic of this foray consists of the visualisation of the legal framework – rigid and impregnated with an obvious moralising discourse – on the one hand, and the image of conformism and means of adaptation of the individual, on the other hand.
The starting point of the family is marriage. If we approach marriage from the point of view of the confessional and ethnic conditioning, we get to an analysis of the mixed marriages phenomenon. In fact, the analysis of the ethno-confessional and socio-professional determinisms and of other types of community or individual conditions can be easily carried out in the case of mixed marriages. The central point of our research is the analysis of Romanians', Hungarians', and Germans' marital behaviours without ignoring the image of this phenomenon at other populations in the area.
An analysis on birth and death rate, or natural growth, is able to provide information on the impact demographic phenomena had upon family. A world where death rate was very high and where family would react through a high birth rate was undoubtedly influenced by the demographic flow. Irrespective of the society typology, divorce, concubinage, and illegitimacy (no matter their way of manifestation) were forms of social deviance leading to the dilution of family image and precepts. We do not discuss here a dilution of the traditional precepts on the family, as someone might misunderstand; it is an erosion of the idea of family in general. The "family" began to acquire other forms than the "official" ones. From the relationship of the family with the community were born mentalities, roles and social statuses. The family, its formation, the relationships between man, woman, children and relatives, as well as the relationships with the rest of the community were filtered by the "village gossip". The need for a strong solidarity that was necessary in the unfriendly conditions at the time compelled the individuals to accept the cohabitation with other members of the family (including the extended one) and with the rest of the community.

Esta investigación se propuso definir y reflexionar acerca de las concepciones de conflicto, reportadas por un grupo de jóvenes de la Universidad del Rosario, identificando si se consideraba el vínculo y las categorías simbólicas del Modelo Relacional Simbólico: confianza, justicia y esperanza. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, que se analizaron en su contenido. Se logró establecer que la concepción predominante acerca del conflicto fue la de algo que no debe suceder o debe evitarse, entendido en general como una confrontación o un choque. Ninguno consideró el vínculo como un elemento fundamental o vital del conflicto. Se pudo deducir que el conflicto se da en las relaciones entre personas, pero la importancia del vínculo en términos de encuentro de generaciones, estirpes y géneros, como un espacio de confianza, esperanza y justicia en las que se entregan dones y se tienen deudas; no está presente de ninguna forma en las definiciones de conflicto. Estos aspectos muestran la necesidad de acoger los fundamentos vinculares y simbólicos del modelo, como riquezas y fortalezas que necesitan ser introducidas en la cotidianidad de la población Colombiana, en la construcción de una cultura de la paz. Esto, a través de la educación a todo nivel y en particular a corto plazo; con los estudiantes de primeros semestres universitarios, por el papel que como profesionales tendrán de líderes sociales, empresariales, espirituales, políticos y laborales; y porque aún se encuentran en una etapa propicia para la formación integral que estimule el fortalecimiento del vínculo como un eje vital de las relaciones y en el que sus categorías simbólicas (esperanza, justicia y confianza) se vuelvan parte conciente en las relaciones personales, familiares y sociales. Igualmente se hace indispensable transformar la visión de conflicto; de forma que deje de ser negativo, no deseable y se convierta en parte de la vida y en una oportunidad para crecer, conocer, generar y regenerar vínculos. Finalmente se propone la creación de una línea de investigación que extienda el estudio a otras poblaciones de jóvenes de distinto nivel socioeconómico y cultural, incluidos los afectados directa e indirectamente por la violencia en Colombia. ; This investigation's purpose is to define and reflect about conflict conceptions as reported by a group of young people from the Universidad del Rosario identifying if they consider the bond and symbolic categories of Relational Symbolic Model: confidence, justice and hope. Semi-structure interviews were done which were analyzed in their content. It could be established that the predominant conception about conflict was that it is something that must not happen or must be avoided. In general, conflict is understood as a confrontation or clash. Nobody considered the bond as a fundamental or vital element of conflict. It could be concluded that conflict is a given in people's relationships. The importance of the bond in terms of generational encounters, lineage, genres, a comfort zone, and a hope and justice area where gifts are given and moral compromises had is not present in any conflict definitions. These aspects show the necessity to admit the bond and symbolic fundamentals of the model, as values and strengths that must be introduced within the daily life of the Colombian population for the construction of a peaceful culture. This is done through education in all layers in a short term with early semester students because of the role they will have as professionals. They would be social, business, spiritual, politics and work leaders. These students are in a propitious stage for a comprehensive education which stimulate and strengthen the bond as a vital crux of relationships with its symbolic categories (hope, justice and confidence). This bond should become a conscious part of personal, familiar and social relationships. This could be indispensable to transform the vision of conflict, in such way that it stops to be negative, not desired. Instead of this, it should become a part of life with an opportunity to grow, know, generate and regenerate bonds. Finally, the creation of a research line is proposed that extends the research to other populations of young people of different social-economic and cultural backgrounds, including those who have been affected directly or indirectly by the Colombian violence.

[ES] Durante los últimos años he investigado los diferentes niveles de la administración real en Cataluña, prestando una atención especial al funcionamiento de la justicia. Pero hace aproximadamente un par de años decidí concentrarme en el estudio de los altos cargos en estos territorios, es decir, en la administración real en el Rosellón y la Cerdaña. Para ello era imprescindible estudiar los gobernadores de dichos condados y los procuradores reales, que pertenecían a familias muy conocidas. Este último cargo fue patrimonializado por la familia Llupià. También me he preocupado por conocer las interminables actividades bélicas, que tanto caracterizan su trayectoria profesional, contra el ejército francés. Hecho de por sí muy relevante, ya que muchos de ellos desarrollaron su cursus honorum en esta candente zona fronteriza. Estos oficiales también debían tener unos imprescindibles conocimientos jurídicos, cualidades que no garantizaban por ellas mismas la promoción, pero que no por ello se tenían que desdeñar. Sus lazos familiares y sus relaciones sociales eran asimismo importantes para conseguir su anhelada proyección profesional. Esta información tan relevante se puede observar con claridad durante el proceso de selección, cuando cada candidato muestra sus conexiones sociales, las cuales le capacitan para optar a los máximos cargos de responsabilidad en los condados. El Consejo de Aragón y los virreyes siempre tienen en cuenta, de una forma u otra, los servicios familiares de los pretendientes. Cargos estos que no representaban la meta final para sus ocupantes. La administración real en Cataluña era más atractiva y normalmente mejor retribuida. Pero como era realmente difícil acceder directamente a los mismos era aconsejable intentar conseguir estos cargos en los condados, aunque no estuvieran tan bien retribuidos. ; [EN] During the last years I've done research into the different levels of the royal administration in Catalonia. We have paid a special attention to the working of justice, but two years ago I made up my mind to concentrate on the main posts in these territories, that's to say, in the royal administration in Rosellón and Cerdaña. These goals required a study of the governors and royal deputies of these counties. Both governors and royal deputies belonged to well-known families. The later was inherited by the Llupià family. We must also bear in mind that these officials were normally involved in endless military activities with the French army. But they were also aware of the necessity to be well experienced in the legal field. These qualities did not guarantee for themselves their promotion. Their family ties and also their social relationships were also important to achieve their professional promotion. All these requirements can be clearly seen when they pretend to obtain these posts. The Council of Aragon and the Viceroys always take into account the family services of the pretenders. Normally they were not regarded as a final stage. The royal administration in Catalonia was more attractive and normally better paid. But as it was really difficult to gain direct access to them it was advisable to try to gain one of these posts, although they were not well paid.