Suchergebnisse

Just as it was 2,000 yrs ago in Greece, it is held that today 75% of the world's parliaments have not been properly prepared to handle their legislative work. The European parliamentary system, which generally has functionaries who prepare training texts, is more favored then the US system. Choice of candidates is made re psychol'al & ideological factors; but pol is above all considered an art & a sci. It would be useful to create, with the parliament, posts of advisors in parliamentary work. In fact, the candidates should boast a real pol'al formation before attempting to fill the role of parliamentarian. Tr from IPSA by E. Weiman.

Res into the processes by which Med S's selectively acquire the att's & values of the Med profession falls into 2 categories: (1) investigations which conceive of the Med Sch as a whole environment or soc system, (2) studies which focus on the soc psychol of particular att's. Both types have been concerned to a large extent with the problem of S's' att's toward HR. Factual evidence appears to indicate that such att's change in the direction of what has been labeled `cynicism. ' Interpreted within the full context of the S's experience, however, apparent cynicism can be regarded as a form of training in detachment which is an important attribute of the MD's role. An important theoretical problem which has emerged from studies of att'al learning is whether S development is in contest with or in collaboration with the Med faculty. From the standpoint of sociol, the Sch environment is a vitally important influence on the development of the S into a professional. Investigations lend support to the proposition that adult socialization is important in the career of the professional. AA.

Although any view of the soc role of management can be shown to have assumptions about the nature of man & society, it is necessary to create such views with philosophical criteria in mind from the beginning. This last has not been done & the consequences are that the decision-making manager is isolated from general theories about soc values. Soc responsibility is defined in terms of conformity to the mores of the society in which the businessman--manager--is operating. This truncates his thinking just below the level where philosophical decisions must be made, because it eschews the role of management in guiding soc change & totally ignores the classical content of soc philosophy & the methods of ethical analysis. There is an analogous fallacy of reducing ethics to psychol, which is a common conceptual failing of management as well as of managerial 'philosophers' such as Mayo & Drucker. These failings, combined with a reluctance to face a reassessment of the ethics of professionalism, decrease the ability of management to cope with basic disagreements among systems of values. The foregoing can be illustrated by reference to 3 problems: soc responsibility, the destructive reduction of ethics to psychol, & the conflict between the ego & the ethics of professionalism. AA.

Examination of the experience of Russell Sage Found in seeking to develop more effective working relations between the soc sci's & the practicing professions reveals obstacles to efficient COMM & collaboration between these fields. Problems in this area can be classified as: (1) those occasioned by subcultural diff's in values, goals, ideologies, language, & technologies characterizing the diff. professions & disciplines; (2) those deriving from the nature of the setting in which the soc sci'st is placed & his position & status in that setting; (3) those of role ambiguity & incongruence in mutual expectations. Dealing with problems of interprofessional relations in these terms rather than in the usual terms of personality clashes & grievances appears more productive of effective resolution. Kinds of activities effective in surmounting barriers to efficient collaboration are: (A) developing optimal initial orientation & level of expectation; (B) maximizing mutual assimilation of professional subcultural values, ideologies, technologies, & language; (C) securing an appropriate structural position in the instit'al setting for the soc sci'st; (D) clarification of the roles of the parties to the undertakings; (E) increasing the interpersonal skills of the participants. AA.

Textbooks in public administration customarily conclude with a section on administrative responsibility. The charitable inference is that this location betokens the saving of the best till last, rather than the appendage of an afterthought. Herbert Kaufman might explain it as the preoccupation of the past generation of political scientists with the legitimation of the efficient exercise of administrative power to subserve the goals of the social state, with a consequent sublimation of the emerging problem of the control of large, professionalized bureaucracies. However that may be, it does seem clear that, with the exception of administrative decisions which adversely affect "civil liberties," most political scientists have been content to let lawyers and defenders of the free enterprise system worry about the restraint of administrative action.