En la actualidad, la falta de regulación específica y la ambigüedad en la legislación española propician que muchos instagramers no se sientan obligados a dar a conocer que el contenido que publican es publicitario. Por contra, en países como Estados Unidos o Reino Unido llevan la delantera en esta materia, aunque en España se está empezando a regular a través de la asociación Autocontrol de la publicidad. El presente estudio analiza cómo un grupo de micro influencers de moda españoles en Instagram adoptan las exigencias actuales de regulación en sus publicaciones. Gracias a su estudio y teniendo en cuenta la actual legislación española, hemos podido observar que los micro instagramers de moda no incumplen la ley ya que tan solo se exige que los receptores de la información publicitaria queden «claramente informados de que están ante una pieza publicitaria, aunque sin que deba aparecer la palabra publicidad» (IAB Spain, 2016, p). ; At present, the lack of specific regulation and the ambiguity of the Spanish legislation mean that many instagramers do not feel obliged to mention that the content they publish contains adverts. In countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, this is strongly regulated. Regulation is beginning in Spain via the «Autocontrol de la publicidad» association. This study analyzes how a group of Spanish fashion micro-influencers adopt the current regulation re-quirements in their publications on Instagram. In our study, we have been able to observe that the fashion micro-instagramers do not break the law as it is only required that the public is informed that «they are in front of an advertis-ing piece. The word 'advert' does not need to appear in the content. (IAB Spain, 2016).
This paper is a review for the volume "Philanthropy and professionalized social services in the Romanian Orthodox Church. Sociological research conducted in the Archdiocese of Iaşi" published by PhD Lecturer Petronela Polixenia Nistor at "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University Publishing House from Iaşi in 2020.
The proposal presents the case of indigenous professional students graduated from the Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk (ISIA), located in the community of Jaltepec de Candayoc in the Southern Highlands of Oaxaca, México. The pedagogical paradigm of this university model is inserted in the approach of the Communality understood as an alternative of professionalization with ethnic relevance, linked to the territory and to the dynamics of the indigenous communities in the rural environment. In this educational context, young people are trained to respond to the social, economic, political and cultural needs that afflict their hometowns, however, there is a profile of graduates who prefer to move to the city of Oaxaca for the purpose to join the labor market that -mainly- offer Civil Society Organizations political cohort in defense of the rights of indigenous peoples. This article has the interest of carrying out a first analysis on three specific axes: a) the community and the family as the first spaces in which the educational career takes place, b) the work arrangements and the construction of political subjectivities in front of the educational project of the ISIA and 3) the urban environment and the dilemmas about the community. The present proposal is nourished by ethnographic records made within the framework of the university and biographical accounts of young residents in the city of Oaxaca. ; La propuesta presenta el caso de estudiantes indígenas profesionistas egresados del Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk (ISIA), ubicado en la comunidad de Jaltepec de Candayoc en la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, México. El paradigma pedagógico de este modelo universitario se inserta en el planteamiento de la Comunalidad entendido como una alternativa de profesionalización con pertinencia étnica, vinculada al territorio y a la dinámica de las comunidades indígenas en el medio rural. En este contexto educativo, los y las jóvenes se forman para responder a las necesidades sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales que aquejan a sus pueblos de origen, sin embargo, existe un perfil de egresados que prefiere movilizarse hacia la ciudad de Oaxaca con la finalidad de incorporarse al mercado de trabajo que –principalmente- ofrecen las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil de cohorte político en defensa de los derechos de los pueblos originarios. Este artículo tiene el interés de realizar un primer análisis sobre tres ejes específicos: a) la comunidad y la familia como primeros espacios en los que se gesta la carrera educativa, b) los acomodos laborales y la construcción de subjetividades políticas frente al proyecto educativo del ISIA y 3) el entorno urbano y los dilemas sobre lo comunitario. La presente propuesta se nutre de registros etnográficos realizados en el marco de la universidad y relatos biográficos de jóvenes residentes en la ciudad de Oaxaca. ; A proposta apresenta o caso de estudantes indígenas profissionais formados pelo Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk (ISIA), localizado na comunidade de Jaltepec de Candayoc, nas Terras Altas do Sul de Oaxaca, México. O paradigma pedagógico deste modelo universitário está inserido na abordagem da Comunidade entendida como alternativa de profissionalização com relevância étnica, vinculada ao território e à dinâmica das comunidades indígenas no meio rural. Neste contexto educacional, os jovens são treinados para responder às necessidades sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais que afligem suas cidades de origem, no entanto, há um perfil de formandos que preferem se mudar para a cidade de Oaxaca para o propósito ingressar no mercado de trabalho que - principalmente - oferece coorte política às Organizações da Sociedade Civil em defesa dos direitos dos povos indígenas. Este artigo tem o interesse de realizar uma primeira análise em três eixos específicos: a) a comunidade e a família como os primeiros espaços em que se desenvolve a carreira educacional, b) o arranjo laboral e a construção de subjetividades políticas frente ao projeto educativo da ISIA e 3) o ambiente urbano e os dilemas sobre a comunidade. A presente proposta é alimentada por registros etnográficos feitos no âmbito da universidade e relatos biográficos de jovens residentes na cidade de Oaxaca.
Chapter 1 When Prophesy Fails A Premature Burial; Death Throes; A Failed Prophesy; Enthusiasms and Simplifications; Why Liberalism Cannot Work{u2014}An Overview; The Liberal Dream in Its Impossible Particulars; Post-Liberalism{u2014}The Professionalized Alternative -- chapter 2 The Origins of the Dream Christianity; Commerce and Nationhood; Industrialization; The Progressive Era; Catastrophe; The Liberal Ascendancy{u2014}Hippies and Bobos -- chapter 3 Broken Promises The Failure of the Dream; The Grievance Machine; The Great Disruption; Failed Prophecies -- chapter 4 Liberal Contradictions Conservative Contradictions; Liberal Contradictions; The Liberal Attack Machine; A Front Row Seat -- chapter 5 Ties that Bind Stranger Anxiety; Social Limitations; Social Domain Theory; The Cultural Domains; The Structural Domains; Social Change -- chapter 6 Back to the Future The Inverse Force Rule; A History Lesson; -- chapter 7 The Professionalized Ideal The Jazz Band; Social Ecology; The Professionalized Economy; A Professionalized Political System; The Professionalized Family -- chapter 8 Post-Liberalism Cultural Lag; The Professionalized Awakening; Can We Become Professionalized?; Limitations; On Being Responsible.
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The 1950's saw the passing of 66.6% of the newspapers from a single owner or a family to newspaper chains. In the 1960's a new breed of "advocacy journalists" appeared & gave powerful impetus to a growth of professionalism among journalists. In relations with the government, Ur professionals have, on the whole, rejected pressures to make the media subservient to officialdom. A study is urged which attempts to determine whether persistently high quality news reporting is more rewarding economically than low quality news. Additional research suggestions are made with respect to the rise of alternative media in large cities. S. Karganovic.
In: Administrative science quarterly: ASQ ; dedicated to advancing the understanding of administration through empirical investigation and theoretical analysis, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 86-94
The details of military & pol'al developments connected with the emergence of the standing army varied from state to state. However, in the 2nd half of the 17th cent princes throughout the continent were shaping their military forces into better organized & more professional fighting forces. No country in the 17th cent developed a professional fighting force without a substantial econ base (industry, the land, etc). With the centralization of pol'al authority in the hands of the princes, they were able to control the taxation of the local estates which were needed for the revenue to maintain an army. The military necessities of the age, as well as the transformation of the European economy & the development of the centralized state signif'ly altered the character of armies, giving them a modern appearance. H. Rosen.
Within the last fifty years, the entire social organization of gambling has changed radically, due to the growing availability of legal casinos & card rooms. One result has been the creation of an entirely new breed of professional gambler, with four distinct subtypes: the worker-professional, the outside-supported professional, the subsistence professional, & the career professional. The majority of these gamblers eventually succumb to the interminable pressures of full-time gambling & encounter some degree of devastating social & financial failure. Only a minority find relatively lasting fame & fortune. The legitimation of recreational gambling is currently in an era of growth, aided by the promotion of casino gambling as a kind of leisurely activity, the attention of the national media & gambling publications, & the organization of high-stakes international tournament play. All of these conditions have helped professional gamblers pursue their specialized art with much more publicity, safety, & potentially greater rewards than ever before. 1 Table. Modified HA.
