Suchergebnisse

The first year of integration of women midshipmen was studied at the US Naval Academy. The degree of traditionalism of Ms of the Class of 1980 toward rights & roles of women in society was evaluated as a function of level of contact with F plebes, who formed a 6% statistical minority. (Contact was structurally defined as assignment to all-M or mixed-sex companies, platoons & squads.) A small effect on the Attitudes toward Women Scale was found after 5 months of integration, with men in mixed platoons or squads expressing the most equalitarian attitudes. Irrespective of company assignment, the M plebes became more equalitarian in areas that will affect them most closely as naval officers, eg, in their opinions about shipboard & other military roles for women. Upperclassmen were more resistant to the integration of Annapolis than were plebe men (19% were neutral or favorable toward coeducation vs 26% of plebe men). Fs & Ms had very different perceptions of treatment of the sexes in the 1976/77 year, with the majority of men perceiving favoritism to women, & women denying they received such treatment, except perhaps in the area of physical education. Women generally felt resented & less accepted than M peers. Greater numbers of women in more varied roles (eg, as upperclassmen) should partially alleviate several problems by reducing the overvisibility of the women & resultant performance pressures, as well as by allowing more peer contact to challenge the stereotypes held by men. Fostering a cooperative rather than competitive atmosphere between the sexes & the ensuring of equal status between groups were recommended to create the conditions necessary for positive attitude changes as a result of intergroup contact. 4 Tables. AA.

Der Artikel behandelt die Situation von Dozentinnen und Studentinnen im Universitätsbetrieb aus feministischer Perspektive. Die Autorinnen stellen die Diskriminierung von Frauen dar, die bis zur physischen Gewalt reicht. Die untergeordnete Rolle, die die Frau in Familie und Gesellschaft innehat, spiegelt sich in der Universität wieder. So erstreckt sich die Vorherrschaft der Männer auch auf den Seminarbetrieb, in dem beispielsweise Frauenforschung nicht finanziert wird und Frauen in den Gremien entweder gar nicht vertreten oder unterrepräsentiert sind. Frauen haben schon seit ihrer Kindheit schlechtere Bildungschancen, da auf ihre Ausbildung im Gegensatz zu derjenigen der Söhne weniger Wert gelegt wird. So weisen sie immer noch eine höhere Analphabetenrate auf und werden auf die Abhängigkeit von einem männlichen Ernährer festgelegt. Die Situation berufstätiger Akademikerinnen ist besonders schwierig, da sie ihrer traditionellen Rolle als Hausfrau und Mutter neben ihrer intellektuellen Tätigkeit zu entsprechen haben. Die Autorinnen fordern daher gesellschaftliche Reformen, die mit der Demokratisierung der Familie beginnen müssen; der Staat soll gleichberechtigten Zugang für Mädchen und Jungen zu Bildung und Stipendien gewährleisten. (DÜI-Blm)

'Closer Than Brothers: Manhood at the Philippine Military Academy' by Alfred W. McCoy is reviewed.

Watkins reviews 'First Class: Women Join the Ranks at the Naval Academy' by Sharon Hanley Disher.

In The Professional Soldier (New York: Free Press, 1971), Morris Janowitz hypothesized that significant new trends ("democratization") in officer recruitment had taken place since WWII, & that these trends were particularly evident at the service academies. Specifically, Janowitz hypothesized an increase in officer recruitment from Wc families, a decline in those claiming higher-status Protestant religious affiliations & a rising proportion of Catholics, an increase in recruits from military family backgrounds, & an increase in individuals from minority backgrounds. Examining 50 years of recruitment (1925-1975) at the US Naval Academy, it was found that the early 1950s marked a significant turning point. As of the class of 1955, each of Janowitz's hypotheses was borne out. Recruitment from Wc & Catholic homes doubled, & there was a 400% increase in those coming from career military family backgrounds. Racial minorities were essentially unrepresented prior to the 1970s, but by the late 1970s, they comprised 10% of the Brigade of Midshipmen. Equally important, these new groups did not suffer disproportionate attrition but, rather, were commissioned as officers in the naval services at rates equivalent to their higher-status classmates. 11 Tables. AA.