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Genomics has developed at a time when science has become increasingly connected with the market. The result has been a strong trend toward privatization of genetic resources & genetic knowledge, marked by the patenting of thousands of genetic sequences, the proliferation of databases protected by commercial confidentiality, & the signing of exclusive access contracts concerning populations' genetic & medical data. The granting of excessively broad patents, covering both a gene's uses & the gene itself, is liable to slow the pace of research & to encourage the emergence of monopolies in the domain of health. This trend toward privatization is neither one-way, however, nor entirely settled. There are, within the domain of genomics, models for the production & distribution of common &/or public goods. The paper studies these models & suggests solutions that could allow a better balance among private property, collective property, & public property. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Property securitization has taken on increased importance in recent
years, as institutional investors have attempted to overcome the
liquidity problems associated with direct property investment and to
access property assets in a more liquid format. This has seen a range of
investment vehicles developed in the UK, US and Australia to meet
different legal structures, tax regimes and economic circumstances.
Presents the results of two surveys of major property investors in
Australia to examine investor attitudes to property securitization. Key
issues to emerge from these surveys are the identification of preferred
ownership structures, advantages and disadvantages of property
securitization, strategic investment considerations concerning property
securitization and future directions for property securitization.

In A Theory of Justice John Rawls argued that people in a just society would have rights to some forms of personal property, whatever the best way to organise the economy. Without being explicit about it, he also seems to have believed that protection for at least some forms of privacy are included in the Basic Liberties, to which all are entitled. Thus, Rawls assumes that people are entitled to form families, as well as personal associations which reflect their tastes as well as their beliefs and interests. He seems also to have assumed that people are entitled to seclude themselves, as well as to associate with others, and to keep some of their beliefs, knowledge, feelings and ideas to themselves, rather than being obliged to share them with others. So, thinking of privacy as an amalgam of claims to seclusion, solitude, anonymity and intimate association, we can say that Rawls appears to include at least some forms of privacy in his account of the liberties protected by the first principle of justice. [First paragraph]

In A Theory of Justice John Rawls argued that people in a just society would have rights to some forms of personal property, whatever the best way to organise the economy. Without being explicit about it, he also seems to have believed that protection for at least some forms of privacy are included in the Basic Liberties, to which all are entitled. Thus, Rawls assumes that people are entitled to form families, as well as personal associations which reflect their tastes as well as their beliefs and interests. He seems also to have assumed that people are entitled to seclude themselves, as well as to associate with others, and to keep some of their beliefs, knowledge, feelings and ideas to themselves, rather than being obliged to share them with others. So, thinking of privacy as an amalgam of claims to seclusion, solitude, anonymity and intimate association, we can say that Rawls appears to include at least some forms of privacy in his account of the liberties protected by the first principle of justice. [First paragraph]

The 1986 General Assembly may be remembered as much for what it did not do as for what it did. Carried over into the next session was House Bill 810, which would have abolished dower and curtesy in favor of a statutory share for the surviving spouse in the deceased spouse's estate. Of course, passage of this bill would have ushered in significant change in the practice of decedents' estates. Significantly, passage of the bill also would have legislatively overruled recent judicial and legislative activity which has created the sole and separate estate, for both female and male, allowing circumvention of the surviving spouse's claim of curtesy or dower. Many believe House Bill 810 is a long-awaited change whose time has come, but it must wait at least one more year. Of those bills which became law, most noteworthy was House Bill 207. Virginia Code ("Code") section 36-91(c) now provides that group homes, family care homes, or foster homes wherein no more than six physically handicapped, mentally ill, mentally retarded or developmentally disabled persons reside, with or without one or more resident counselors or staff personnel, shall be considered single family residences for the purpose of interpreting restrictive covenants executed after July 1, 1986.4 This legislation was in direct response to Omega Corp. v. Malloy a 1984 Virginia Supreme Court decision which upheld the trial court's determination that a group home for the mentally retarded does not constitute a "single-family use." A key finding in the case was that the presence of a counselor living in the home converted the residence into a facility.

Property exists in the following forms: - private property - property of individual civil law entities (individual, legal entity). - public property - property of the people of Ukraine presented as an independent form due to the specific legal regime of its use. Specific legal regime of public property: Property state (is the impersonal property of citizens of Ukraine (subsoil); Procedure for acquiring property rights (permitting and competitive); Settlement entity having a dual (private and public) legal nature (state of Ukraine, local government). Types of property - private property Individual is the ownership of property to an individual or entity. One entity is the plurality or singularity of objects. Joint is the ownership of property jointly to several individuals or entities. Plural entities are the plurality or singularity of objects. Such item belongs simultaneously to individuals or entities entitling them to jointly exercise the powers of the property owner. It is not the thing itself that is divided between the co-owners, but the ownership over it. ; https://youtu.be/WyoASGcgkRo

Property exists in the following forms: - private property - property of individual civil law entities (individual, legal entity). - public property - property of the people of Ukraine presented as an independent form due to the specific legal regime of its use. Specific legal regime of public property: Property state (is the impersonal property of citizens of Ukraine (subsoil); Procedure for acquiring property rights (permitting and competitive); Settlement entity having a dual (private and public) legal nature (state of Ukraine, local government). Types of property - private property Individual is the ownership of property to an individual or entity. One entity is the plurality or singularity of objects. Joint is the ownership of property jointly to several individuals or entities. Plural entities are the plurality or singularity of objects. Such item belongs simultaneously to individuals or entities entitling them to jointly exercise the powers of the property owner. It is not the thing itself that is divided between the co-owners, but the ownership over it.

Property exists in the following forms: - private property - property of individual civil law entities (individual, legal entity). - public property - property of the people of Ukraine presented as an independent form due to the specific legal regime of its use. Specific legal regime of public property: Property state (is the impersonal property of citizens of Ukraine (subsoil); Procedure for acquiring property rights (permitting and competitive); Settlement entity having a dual (private and public) legal nature (state of Ukraine, local government). Types of property - private property Individual is the ownership of property to an individual or entity. One entity is the plurality or singularity of objects. Joint is the ownership of property jointly to several individuals or entities. Plural entities are the plurality or singularity of objects. Such item belongs simultaneously to individuals or entities entitling them to jointly exercise the powers of the property owner. It is not the thing itself that is divided between the co-owners, but the ownership over it. ; https://youtu.be/WyoASGcgkRo