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I The Theory of Committees and Elections -- I. A Committee and Motions -- II. Independent Valuation -- III. Can a Motion be Represented by the same Symbol on Different Schedules? -- IV. A Committee using a Simple Majority: Single-peaked Preference Curves -- V. A Committee using a Simple Majority: other Shapes of Preference Curves -- VI. A Committee using a Simple Majority: any Shapes of Preference Curves, Number of Motions Finite -- VII. Cyclical Majorities -- VIII. When the Ordinary Committee Procedure is in use the Members' Scales of Valuation may be Incomplete -- IX. Which Candidate ought to be Elected? -- X. Examination of some Methods of Election in Single-member Constituencies -- XI. Proportional Representation -- XII. The Decisions of a Committee using a Special Majority -- XIII. The Elasticity of Committee Decisions with an Altering Size of Majority -- XIV. The Elasticity of Committee Decisions with Alterations in the Members' Preference Schedules -- XV. The Converse Problem: the Group of Schedules to Correspond to a Given Voting Matrix -- XVI. A Committee using a Simple Majority: Complementary Motions -- XVII. International Agreements, Sovereignty and the Cabinet -- II History of the Mathematical Theory of Committees and Elections (Excluding Proportional Representation) -- XVIII. Borda, Condorcet and Laplace -- XIX. E. J. Nanson and Francis Galton -- XX. The Circumstances in which Rev. C. L. Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) wrote his Three Pamphlets -- Appendix. Text of Dodgson's Three Pamphlets and of 'The Cyclostyled Sheet' -- A Discussion of the Various Methods of Procedure in Conducting Elections (1873) -- Suggestions as to the Best Method of Taking Votes, Where More than Two Issues are to be Voted on (1874) -- A Method of Taking Votes on More than Two Issues (1876) 'The Cyclostyled Sheet' (7 Dec. 1877) -- Notes on Dodgson's Third Pamphlet 'A Method…' (1876).

1. Introduction -- An Introduction to the Analysis of Power, Voting, and Voting Power -- 2. The Idea of Power -- Power in Game Forms -- A Philosophical View of Power -- Power and Profit in Hierarchical Organizations -- Equivalent Concepts of Power in Voting Games -- Attribution and Social Power -- Power: An Amorphous Term — Diverse Conceptual Approaches -- 3. Formal Analysis of Representation and Voting Procedures -- Proportional Representation and Effective Number of Parties in Finland -- The Relationship Between Voting and Party Strength in an Electoral System -- Manipulation of the Agenda by Strategic Voting: Separable and Nonseparable Preferences -- Order-of-Voting Effects -- Strategic Voting in Multicandidate Elections under Uncertainty and under Risk -- Electoral Rules and Rational Voting: The Effects of Candidate Viability Perceptions on Voting Decisions -- 4. Concepts of Power Measurement -- The Problem of the Right Distribution of Voting Power -- An Axiomated Family of Power Indices for Simple n-Person Games -- Measuring Power in Voting Bodies: Linear Constraints, Spatial Analysis, and a Computer Program -- Modification of the Banzhaf-Coleman Index for Games with A Priori Unions -- Power and Satisfaction in an Ideologically Divided Voting Body -- Power in an Ideological Space -- Measuring Power -- 5. The Empirical Approach -- Party Power and Government Formation: A Case Study -- The Distribution of Power in Specific Decision-Making Bodies -- Political Geography and Political Power -- Regional Power Allocation: The Problem of British Devolution -- The Paradox of Redistribution: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results.

1 Introduction -- The Logic of Multiparty Systems: An Overview of Theoretical and Empirical Problems and Results -- 2 Efficiency and Stability Concepts in Multiparty Voting -- Bargaining in Weighted Majority Voting Games, With an Application to Portfolio Distributions -- Nash Bargaining Solutions of Multiparty Bargaining Problems -- Manipulation of Voting Mechanisms -- Manipulation in a Multiparty Parliament: The Case of the Norwegian Storting -- On the Existence of Political Equilibrium in a Three-Party System with Plurality Voting -- Elections with N Voters, M Candidates and K Issues -- 3 Multipartism and Political Stability -- Bargaining Theory and Cabinet Stability in European Governments -- Multipartism -- The Competitive Consequences of Polarized Pluralism -- On the Importance of Elections and Ideology for Government Policy in a Multi-Party System -- The Political Economy of Roll-Call Voting in the "Multi-Party" Congress of the United States -- Parties and Party Systems in Latin America -- The Stability of Party Duopoly in Multi-Party Britain -- The Geography of Party Support: Comparative Studies in Electoral Stability -- 4 Electoral System Effects -- 'Representation of the People': Aspects of the Relationship between Electoral Systems and Party Systems in the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom -- What Kind of Electoral System for Plural Societies? India as an Example -- Political Support in Multiparty Canada: 1980–84 -- Performance of the Electoral System in Recent Canadian and British Elections: Advancing the Case for Electoral Reform -- The Logic of Plurality Voting in Multi-Party Systems: Tactical Voting in Liverpool Elections -- Determinants of the Number of Legislative Parties: Evidence from Postwar France -- Problems of and Solutions to Representation -- Thresholds for Proportional Representation: Reanalyzed and Extended -- Problems of Equity in Multiparty Representational Systems: What We Want and What We Can't -- Party Discipline and the Power of Parties, Legislators and States -- Paradox Proof Decision Rules in Weighted Voting.

I: Optimization Theory -- A method for linearly constrained minimization problems -- On a class of nonconvex optimization problems -- Lower semicontinuity of marginal functions -- A new approach to symmetric quasiconvex conjugacy -- Generalized convexity, functional hulls and applications to conjugate duality in optimization -- Conjugation Operators -- Global minimization of a difference of two convex functions -- Closures and neighbourhoods induced by tangential approximations -- II: Control Theory -- On the principal of "Internal Modelling" in linear control theory -- On optimal observability of Lipschitz systems -- III: Mathematical Economics -- Convergence of ?-fields and applications to mathematical economics -- Optimal growth policies for resource-dependent open economies -- A characterization of the proportional income tax -- Duality in the theory of social choice -- Nonlinear models of business cycle theory -- Existence of economic equilibrium: new results and open problems -- IV: Game Theory -- Silent duel with accuracies less than 1 -- Extensions and modifications of the ?-value for cooperative games -- Stochastic games with state independent transitions and separable rewards -- Core stability and duality of effectivity functions -- A procedure for computing the f-nucleolus of a cooperative game -- V: Graph Theory -- An O(nlogn)-algorithm for the minimum cost flow problem in trees -- A construction for strongly greedy ordered sets -- Plane constructions for graphs, networks and maps measurements of planarity -- On two problems related to the traveling salesman problem on Halin graphs -- VI: Fixed Point Theory -- Piecewise linear approximation of solution manifolds for nonlinear systems of equations -- Periodic orbits of semiflows — local indices and sections -- VII: Statistics and Measure Theoretic Concepts -- Monotone decision rules for the two-armed bandit -- On the existence of monotone optimal decision rules -- Integral representation of functionals on arbitrary sets of functions -- Invariance properties of the Banach algebra of Darboux integrable functions -- Construction of locally extremal measure extensions -- Generalized fox integral equations solved by functional equations -- VIII: Applications -- An algorithm for linear multiple-choice Knapsack problem -- New algorithms and results of numerical experiments for solution of mathematical programming and optimal control problems -- Methods of determining systems of time-table arranging with predetermined area -- Some remarks on the relation between mathematics, computer science, and medicine.

1 Introduction -- 1.1 Arrivals in time -- 1.2 Reliability -- 1.3 Safety assessment -- 1.4 Random stress and strength -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 2 Point processes -- 2.1 The probabilistic context -- 2.2 Two methods of representation -- 2.3 Parameters of point processes -- 2.4 Transformation to a process with constant arrival rate -- 2.5 Time between arrivals -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 3 Homogeneous Poisson processes -- 3.1 Definition -- 3.2 Characterization -- 3.3 Time between arrivals for the hP process -- 3.4 Relations to the uniform distribution -- 3.5 A process with simultaneous arrivals -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 4 Application of point processes to a theory of safety assessment -- 4.1 The Reactor Safety Study -- 4.2 The annual probability of a reactor accident -- 4.3 A stochastic consequence model -- 4.4 A concept of rare events -- 4.5 Common mode failures -- 4.6 Conclusion -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 5 Renewal processes -- 5.1 Probabilistic theory -- 5.2 The renewal process cannot model equipment wearout -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 6 Poisson processes -- 6.1 The Poisson model -- 6.2 Characterization of regular Poisson processes -- 6.3 Time between arrivals for Poisson processes -- 6.4 Further observations on software error detection -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 7 Superimposed processes -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 8 Markov point processes -- 8.1 Theory -- 8.2 The Poisson process -- 8.3 Facilitation and hindrance -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 9 Applications of Markov point processes -- 9.1 Egg-laying dispersal of the bean weevil -- 9.2 Application of facilitation — hindrance to the spatial distribution of benthic invertebrates -- 9.3 The Luria-Delbrück model -- 9.4 Chance placement of balls in cells -- 9.5 A model for multiple vehicle automobile accidents -- 9.6 Engels' model -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 10 The order statistics process -- 10.1 The sampling of lifetimes -- 10.2 Derivation from the Poisson process -- 10.3 A Poisson model of equipment wearout -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- 11 Competing risk theory -- 11.1 Markov chain model -- 11.2 Classical competing risks -- 11.3 Competing risk presentation of reactor safety studies -- 11.4 Delayed fatalities -- 11.5 Proportional hazard rates -- Notes on the literature -- Problems -- Further reading -- Appendix 1 Probability background -- A1.1 Probability distributions -- A1.2 Expectation -- A1.3 Transformation of variables -- A1.4 The distribution of order statistics -- A1.5 Conditional probability -- A1.6 Operational methods in probability -- A1.7 Convergence concepts and results in the theory of probability -- Notes on the literature -- Appendix 2 Technical topics -- A2.1 Existence of point process parameters -- A2.2 No simultaneous arrivals -- Solutions to a few of the problems -- References -- Author index.