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Starting from the cycle of social protest that South Africa has been experiencing since the late 1990s, this article sheds light on the evolution of the space of social movements since apartheid ended. Taken as a framework for Black political expression in the 1970s & 80s, the space of social movements was drained of meaning with the advent of democracy in 1994. De-ranked & partly neutralized given its main actors' ties to the ANC-led government, it has recently been the backdrop for the emergence of new organizations challenging the socioeconomic policies conducted by the "liberating party." We will in particular study the terms of postapartheid reconfiguration of the space of social movements, the motives of rivalry taking hold between new organizations & the ANC, as well as the preferred practices of movementist activists. Adapted from the source document.

How to explain the absence of a countermovement, in Polanyi's terms, following the financial and economic crisis of 2008? This article proposes an explanation starting from the historical decoupling between political parties and social movements, and examines some hypotheses on the reasons for this discrepancy. While the "double movement" theorized by Polanyi implied a convergence between social movements and political parties to control the institutions that were going to frame the market, this convergence is made difficult today by virtue of the conditions for intellectual autonomy within protest movements.

The appearance of antiglobalization movements during the past years on the international scene, created a new & attractive object of research as illustrated by initiatives to form study & research groups dealing with globalization. This essay underlines the importance acquired by the antiglobalization movements in the international game, but also warns against the complicity of interests between these pacifist movements & some radical small groups. Violence that often erupts during antiglobalization manifestations has tarnished their initial image. It seems that antiglobalization movements have a tendency toward some form of reactive democracy. E. Sanchez

This paper is based on a research led during the anti-globalization protest in Genoa in July 2001. It challenges the dominant view of globalization as a negative perspective for social movements. The author argues that this phenomenon has brought both resources & constraints for collective action that emphasizes a will of political participation & contests the classical scheme of democratic representation. 4 Tables, 56 References. Adapted from the source document.