Suchergebnisse

This article deals with the issues of regulation of property relations of spouses in private international law. The article deals with the conflict issues of marriage, as well as the contractual regime of a property of spouses. The article reveals the content of the Minsk and Chisinau conventions on property relations between spouses. In particular, the conventions say that the property relations between spouses are determined by the legislation of the Contracting Party in whose territory they live together. If the husband lives in one Contracting State and the wife in the other and both have the same nationality, the law of the country of which they are nationals governs their property relations. Attention is paid to bilateral agreements on legal assistance to States in the field of property relations between spouses. For example, such an agreement exists between Russia and Estonia, and it helps to resolve various property issues between spouses. The domestic legislation of different States regulates the issue of determining the regime of matrimonial property in different ways. For example, in the States of the Anglo-Saxon legal system and in most Muslim countries there is only a regime of separate property. On the contrary, in the States of the Romano-German legal system, preference is given to the regime of the common property of spouses, and it is possible to establish a different regime of property relations by agreement of the spouses. According to this principle, and developing family law in Russia.

The relevance of the topic of a scientific article is related to the frequent cases in practice when there is a dispute over the application of the law of a particular state. With the help of the analysis of family law and private international law, a circle of subjects of legal relations is established that is connected with maintenance obligations complicated by a foreign element. In modern times there are many problems, in particular, the consequences of the dissolution of a marriage between spouses (one of whom is a foreign citizen) in the presence of minor children are poorly regulated internationally. The main problem in resolving issues related to alimony relations is the definition of applicable law. That is the law of which country (the right of citizenship of the husband's state or the right of citizenship of the wife's state) will be applied to resolve the dispute. In this paper, we will consider existing problems and offer our own vision of ways to solve such problems.

Russian scientists attach great importance to one of the fundamental principles of private international law – the principle of the closest connection. The concept of the closest connection was developed in England on the basis of case law, the rules of which were created by judges in court decisions on specific cases. The legislator has included the principle of closest connection to the civil code, however, in light of the changes it made in the reforms of 2013, the closest connection principle was assigned a secondary role in relation to the principle of characteristic performance. The main purpose of the principle of the closest connection is to find the law and order that can most effectively regulate cross-border relations. The court will have to determine the will of the parties to the contractual relationship, aimed at choosing the right. Therefore, a close relationship is established based on the court's assumption of what right the parties would have chosen if they had considered this issue. The principle of the closest connection, in connection with this approach, often loses its independent significance. Article 1187 of the civil code of the Russian Federation does not specify the conditions of its application, as well as the scope of its action. For this reason, the category of the closest relationship is universal and applies regardless of the nature of the cross-border civil relationship. Russian legislation does not have clear criteria for determining the closest relationship, which may lead to a subjective decision by the court. In this regard, the study of problems related to the application of the principle of the closest connection in judicial practice is undoubtedly relevant.

In the article there is given a general overview of the sources of the international sport law, which is a new dynamically developing branch of law. The author underlines that international sport law unites norms of international law and national legislation regulating sport relations of international nature.

The article presents a comparative analysis of Master's programs of four leading Russian universities with those offered by top globally recognized universities (from QS, RePec, Best US News university rankings). Foreign universities' programs show a significant domination of public administration, public politics or public economics to the detriment of financial component. Out of 130 universities the author identifies only about 10 relevant programs with valuable and substantial public finance components. Russian master's programs are on a par with globally recognized programs, which provide a solid basis to easily adapt them for international students. The article contains references to top universities' programs and courses, English variants of disciplines and their Russian analogs that make the article useful for upgrading the Russian programs.

Раздел "Международное право" ; Среди ученых нет однозначного мнения относительно места таможенного права в правовой системе. Под таможенным правом понимают институт административного права, подотрасль административного права, самостоятельную комплексную отрасль административного права либо комплексную отрасль законодательства. Исследование правовой природы показывает, что в современном таможенном праве можно выделить наднациональную (международную) и национальную части. Наднациональная часть включает нормы Таможенного кодекса таможенного союза и иных нормативных актов, которые принимаются международными договорами. Нормы национальной части принимаются законодательными актами страны. Таким образом, таможенное право — комплексная отрасль права, регулирующая общественные отношения в сфере перемещения товаров через таможенную границу Таможенного союза. = Scientists differ in their opinions regarding the place of customs law in the legal system. Customs law is understood as the institute of administrative law, a sub-branch of administrative law, a separate complex branch of administrative law or a complex branch of legislation. The research of its legal nature shows that it is possible to distinguish supranational (international) and national parts within the contemporary customs law. The supranational part includes the Customs Code norms of the Customs Union and other legal acts which are adopted by international treaties. The norms included into the national part are adopted by legislative acts of the country. Thereby, customs law is a complex branch of law regulating public relations in the sphere of movement of goods across the customs border of the Customs Union.

The necessity of writing this article is conditioned by the active development of consular law, which, as part of international law, evolves directly under the influence of world political and economic processes. At the beginning of the twentieth century, an impressive number of consulates operated in Europe, North and South America, Asia, the middle East, and partly in Africa.The legal acts regulating the consular sphere of influence, concluded in Russia in the 19th century, had not only national significance, but also international significance. All adopted conventions, treatises, agreements and charters were elements that form the system of public international law as a whole.With the formation of a new state in the former Russian Empire, it became necessary to adopt a new legal framework regulating consular activities.

Civil law States that the legal capacity of individuals is defined as the ability of the individual to have rights and obligations. This legal category arises from birth and ceases with death, it characterizes a person as a living being and does not depend on age and health. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it can be limited by a court decision, in particular in criminal proceedings it can be expressed in deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities, to occupy certain positions. The article reveals the content of legal capacity in private international law, the basic powers included in the legal capacity, in particular, the right to a name, its use and protection, analyzes the foreign legislation concerning the procedure of recognition as missing and the Declaration of a person as dead. The article deals with the conflict issues arising in the foreign and Russian legislation in the regulation of relations included in the content of legal capacity, the study of international legislation characterizing the legal status of the person.

Статья посвящена понятию обязательства в публичном праве. В ней рассмотрены различные виды обязательств, их эволюция, приводится классификация обязательств в публичном праве и соотношение понятий «обязательство» и «относительное имущественное правоотношение», особое внимание уделено расходным обязательствам бюджетов бюджетной системы Российской Федерации. Очевидной тенденцией последнего времени в юридической науке и законодательстве стало перенесение цивилистического понятийно-категориального аппарата в сферу публичного права. Одним из ее примеров стало обязательство. В целях научного осознание понятия «обязательство» в публично-правовой сфере рассматриваются вопросы: 1) что следует понимать под публичным правом; 2) являются ли «гражданско-правовое обязательство» и «публично-правовое обязательство» разновидностями единого понятия «обязательство» или их следует рассматривать в качестве самостоятельных понятий, имеющих собственное содержательное наполнение; 3) в чем состоит содержание понятия «обязательство» в публичном праве. Использование такой категории как обязательство в публичном праве не только допустимо, но и необходимо, поскольку общественные отношения, опосредуемые им, не могут обеспечиваться исключительно властными, императивными, конформистскими средствами. ; The article focuses on the concept of obligation in public law. It discusses the different types of obligations, their evolution, classification of obligations in public law and relations between the concepts and the relative commitment property relationship. Special attention is paid to budget expenditure obligations of the Russian Federation budget system. One of the latest trends in the legal science and legislation is the conveyance of the civil law concepts to the sphere of the public law, with the commitment being the example of it. To comprehend the concept of "commitment" in the public-legal sphere, the author considers two questions: 1) what exactly should be understood as the public law; 2) whether the "civil law obligation" and "public law obligation" are only the variants of a single concept – "obligation" or they are totally different with their own independent content; 3) what is the content of the notion "obligation" in the public law. The author considers that such category as "obligation" is necessary to be used in public law, since the public relations, mediated with it, can not be regulated only by authoritative, imperious, conformist means.