Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this paper is to address confidentiality in electronic public procurement, since current legislation in Uruguay determines that public procurement must be guided, in a very broad rule, by the principle of transparency, considering that it is the true basis of contracting democracy, which makes it the main instrument to combat corruption. It happens that the legal system foresees exceptions, in which the information can be classified as secret, reserved and confidential, as defined by the legislation. Finally, it addresses the Electronic Opening modality to be used by the Public Administration in its contracts. ; El propósito de este artículo es abordar la confidencialidad en la contratación pública electrónica, ya que la legislación vigente en Uruguay determina que la contratación pública debe guiarse, en una regla muy amplia, por el principio de transparencia, considerando que es el verdadero sustento de la contraer la democracia, lo que la convierte en el principal instrumento para combatir la corrupción. Ocurre que el ordenamiento jurídico prevé excepciones, en las que la información se puede clasificar como secreta, reservada y confidencial, según lo define la legislación. Finalmente, aborda la modalidad de Apertura Electrónica para ser utilizada por la Administración Pública en sus contratos. ; O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar o sigilo na contratação pública eletrônica, uma vez que a legislação em vigor no Uruguai determina que a contratação pública deve ser pautada, em regra muito ampla, pelo princípio da transparência, por ser esta a verdadeira base da democracia contratual. o que o torna o principal instrumento de combate à corrupção. Ocorre que o ordenamento jurídico prevê exceções, nas quais as informações podem ser classificadas como secretas, reservadas e confidenciais, conforme definido pela legislação. Por fim, trata da modalidade Abertura Eletrônica a ser utilizada pela Administração Pública em seus contratos.

Taking as starting point some peculiarities of the archaeological and urban environment involved in the planning of Rome new underground line – what we mentioned as "romanities" –, this article proposes some reflections on the topic of sustainable public procurement and its strategic use as privileged instrument for the promotion of horizontal public policies in the light of the European Union normative paradigm on the matter. The article brings a definition of sustainable public procurement and presents the European Union normative framework that offers a wide juridical legitimisation to the institution as a parameter that must orientate the decisions of the contracting authorities. Furthermore, it demonstrates from a case study how public policies for ecological and cultural protection can be legitimately introduced into public procurement procedures. The case study involves the construction of a new subway line (Line C) – the most modern infrastructure of public transportation of this kind in Italy –, and how it seems to be contributing to the growth of the levels of sustainability of the cultural and urban environment for the benefit of Rome.

This article uses the Newcomb-Benford(NB-Law), or Law of Anomalous Numbers, to analyze the values of Electronic Bidding Processes that occurred in the Purchasing Portal of the Brazilian Federal Government and contained in the newly created website "DadosAbertos.gov.br". In the analysis, all services contracted in the period from 2014 to 2018 were considered. The objective of the research was to analyze the conformity of the Electronic Auction referred to the NB-Law, aiming to verify anomalies, which represent signs of fraud. It can be said that there was a statistically significant anomaly in the analysis of the first digit of the values bid in the Electronic Bidding Tenders. It is also noted that the trading sessions with the first digit of numbers 4, 8 and 9 are those with the largest differences between expected and observed values, strengthening the hypothesis that these represent the trading sessions with the highest incidence / probability of deviations, to be tested in future studies. The study, pioneer in this type of analysis in the Brazilian data source, aims to contribute to the literature focused on the detection of accounting or financial fraud in the public sector. The results collected here can also contribute to the practice of inspection in public management. It is recommended to deepen the studies based on the Economics of Corruption, on issues that involve the detection of fraud, so that corruption becomes unviable or inopportune. ; Este artículo utiliza la Ley de Newcomb-Benford(Ley-NB), o Ley de Números Anómalos, para el análisis de los valores de las Sesiones de Comercio Electrónico realizadas en el Portal de Compras del Gobierno Federal de Brasil y contenidas en el sitio web recién creado "DadosAbertos.gov.br". En los análisis, fueron considerados todos los contratos de servicios, de 2014 a 2018. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el cumplimiento de las Sesiones de Comercio Electrónico mencionadas a la Ley-NB, con el fin de verificar anomalías que representan evidencia de fraude. Se puede afirmar que hubo una anomalía estadísticamente significativa en el análisis del primer dígito de los valores licitados en las ofertas de las Subastas Electrónicas. También se observa que las sesiones de trading con el primer dígito de los números 4, 8 y 9 son las que presentaron el valores intermedios más altos que contribuyen al chi-cuadrado (²) calculado, fortaleciendo la hipótesis de que estas representan las sesiones de trading con la mayor incidencia/probabilidad de desviaciones. El estudio, pionero en este tipo de análisis en la base de datos brasileña, tiene como objetivo contribuir a la literatura centrada en la detección de fraudes contables o financieros en el sector público. Los resultados aquí recogidos también pueden contribuir a la práctica de la supervisión en la gestión pública. Se recomienda profundizar en el análisis de las ofertas estudiadas, con el fin de confirmar las evidencias aquí recogidas, y centrarse en estudios basados en la Economía de la Corrupción en cuestiones relacionadas con la detección de fraude, de modo que la corrupción se vuelva inviable o impropia. ; Este artigo utiliza a Lei de Newcomb-Benford (Lei-NB), ou Lei dos Números Anômalos, para análise empírica exploratória dos valores de pregões eletrônicos ocorridos no Portal de Compras do Governo Federal brasileiro e constantes no recém-criado site "DadosAbertos.gov.br". Nas análises foram consideradas todas as contratações de serviços no período de 2014 a 2018. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a conformidade dos pregões eletrônicos mencionados à Lei-NB, visando a verificar anomalias que representam indícios de fraude. Pode-se afirmar que há anomalia estatisticamente significante na análise do primeiro dígito dos valores licitados nos pregões eletrônicos das licitações. Constata-se também que os pregões com primeiro dígito de números 4, 8 e 9 são os que apresentaram maiores diferenças entre o valor observado e o valor esperado, fortalecendo a hipótese de que esses representam os pregões com maior incidência/probabilidade de desvios. O estudo, pioneiro nesse tipo de análise na base de dados brasileira, visa a contribuir para a literatura focada na detecção de fraudes contábeis ou financeiras no setor público. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que podem contribuir, também, para a prática da fiscalização na gestão pública. É recomendado aprofundar a análise das licitações estudadas, visando a confirmar os indícios constatados, e focar em estudos baseados na economia da corrupção nas questões que envolvem a detecção de fraudes, a fim de que a corrupção se torne inviável ou inoportuna.

The paper aims to clarify the sense of contemporary fascism, particularly from the example of the Brazilian Bonsolarism, defining it as an anti-systemic, anti-institucional, anti-juridical and infralegal perspective with a personalist, devoted, voluntarist, spontaneous and militant character which starts from inside judiciary and in terms of subversion of the relation among law, politics and moral, and that, by means of politicization and partisanship of law, branches to the political system, serving as instrument to the fratricide political war among parties, from there linking to civil society in the form of constitution of a digital-social mass-militia of acclamation oriented to an anti-systemic posture. In this dynamic, the fascism has two constitutive and streamlining cores: on one side, it subverts the correlation of human rights and law, delegitimizing and truly destroying the ontogenetic primacy, the separation, the differentiation, the self-referentiality and the overposition of law in relation to politics and moral, as the subsidiarity of them regarding law; on other, it leads to the deconstruction from inside to judiciary and political system of the highly institutionalist, legalist, technical, formal and depersonalized perspective which is proper to them, eliminating the centrality of the judiciary and, them, delegitimizing its regulator role regarding to political system and to the social dialectics, normalizing the totalizing regression caused by political-moral colonization of the democratic law. By reconstructing the pluralist and universalist democracy's meta-normative and generative basis as a public system of law, that is, the co-originality of universality of human rights, pluralism and law, the condition of ontogenetic primacy, independence, self-subsistence and overposition of law in relation to politics and moral, as the subsidiarity of these regarding to law, we will point to the renewal of this systemic, systematic, procedural, mediated, instancial, progressive and publicized perspective of the public system of law, in the interrelation, separation and overposition of judiciary and political system, demarcated by a strong ideal of methodological-procedural-axiological institutionality, legality, technicality, formality and depersonalization, which eradicates the politicization and partisanship of law and, by devolving the complete integrality to law-judiciary, confines the democracy's political system and civil society to their true limits which are its structural basis: the human rights, the legal process and the public system of law, with the necessity of full translation of politics and moral to law, delimitating the pluralist and universalist democracy as a public system of law oriented to the production of universality in/as/by legality.

This study sought to investigate how Brazilian literature has examined the performance of using public procurement to implement public policies in Brazil, by mapping the state of the art in an revision of the literature for the decade 2007-2017. The relevance of this research resides in the presentation of the national panorama of research concerning the performance of government procurement, thus contributing to the Public Administration literature and to the debate on evaluation of the use of public procurement. Three thematic categories summarize the literature: Outputs of the use; The use of multicriteria models on measuring the performance, and; The use of the State's procurement power. A research agenda presents two gaps: studies that test the performance of public procurement under a compared and multicriteria perspective, and; studies that test theoretical variables that are characteristic to the use of public procurement, such as user satisfaction, transparency or accountability.Keywords: public procurement; performance in the public sector; the use of the State's procurement power. ; Neste estudo, buscou-se investigar como a literatura tem averiguado o desempenho de uso das compras governamentais para implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil, por meio do mapeamento do estado da arte em revisão exaustiva da literatura do decênio 2007-2017. A relevância desta pesquisa reside na apresentação do panorama nacional das pesquisas concernentes ao desempenho das compras governamentais, contribuindo, assim, à literatura de Administração Pública e ao debate referente à avaliação do uso das compras governamentais. Entende-se que três categorias temáticas sumarizam a literatura: Resultados de uso das compras; Uso de modelos multicritério para a avaliação do desempenho de compras; e Uso do poder de compra do Estado. Compõe-se agenda de pesquisa pautada em duas lacunas: desenvolvimento de estudos que testem o desempenho das compras sob perspectiva comparada e multicritério; e que testem variáveis teóricas típicas do uso das compras em políticas públicas, como satisfação do usuário, transparência ou accountability.

This article aims to study the changes brought by Federal Law 13,655/18 to the Law of Introduction to the Rules of Brazilian Law - LINDB from the perspective of the control of the Public Administration. We intend to analyze the new provisions added to the original legal diploma and its implications regarding the control of the activities performed by the Public Administration entities. One of the most relevant changes concerns the necessary assessment of the consequences of decisions taken by the public control bodies, the assessment related to the efficiency concerning the Public Administration activities, the greater role played by social participation, and, therefore, a more democratic scenario. On this basis, consensuality also acquires greater relevance. The analysis took place here starts from a historical retrospective of the control of Public Administration in Brazilian Law. Secondly, the different forms of control of the Public Administration are analyzed, and then the new concepts brought by the LINDB, as it was altered in the year 2018, are analyzed. ; O presente artigo tem por escopo o estudo das alterações trazidas pela Lei Federal 13.655/18 à Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro – LINDB, sob a perspectiva do controle da Administração Pública. Nesse esteio serão apreciados os novos dispositivos acrescidos ao diploma legal original e suas consequências no que toca o controle das atividades da Administração Pública. Nota-se que uma das mais relevantes alterações diz respeito à necessária apreciação das consequências das decisões a serem adotadas pelos órgãos de controle, a percepção de eficiência na ação administrativa, além da maior participação social e viés democrático. Nessa égide, a consensualidade também adquire relevância. A análise do tema partirá de um retrospecto histórico do controle da Administração Pública no Direito Brasileiro, passando pelas formas de controle da Administração Pública, para então analisarmos e discutirmos os novos conceitos inseridos na LINDB no ano de 2018.

Corrupção e ineficiência em contratações públicas e a associação com nível de desenvolvimento humano têm sido evidenciados em diversos países e governos. O presente artigo analisa a associação de irregularidades identificadas em licitações na função saúde em municípios brasileiros nos anos de 2010 a 2012. A presença de irregularidade está associada a um baixo desenvolvimento humano dos municípios considerados. A reflexão feita aqui é que, apesar de não ser possível pela metodologia afirmar causalidade entre corrupção e baixo desenvolvimento humano, há indícios de que a existência de tais práticas pode estar justamente associada ao baixo índice de desenvolvimento humano existente. Como implicação prática sugere-se o aumento da transparência dos processos e da atuação dos órgãos de controle, dado que o ambiente social local pode facilitar práticas clientelistas que criam oportunidades favoráveis à corrupção. ; Corruption and inefficiency in public procurement, and the association with human development level has been coming up in various countries and governments. This article analyzes an association of irregularities in procurement processes from health departments in Brazilian municipalities from 2010 to 2012. The presence of irregularities is associated with a lower human development in the observed municipalities. Although it is not possible through the adopted methodology to assure causality between corruption and human development, it is believed that the existence of such practices may be related to the low human development index. As a practical implication, it might be suggested efforts to increase the transparency of procurement processes and the external auditing proactivity, since the local and social environment might ease patronage practices which create favorable opportunities for corruption.

Since it is imposed to thinking, deconstruction can be seen as a law, the Law itself. Deconstruction of law is to put it in the context of writing, to notice its submission to the différance, to the play in the language. The law of deconstruction acts in the deconstruction of law, revealing paradoxes and fragilities of juridical order, as well as concepts of natural law and human rights. Finally, deconstruction of law brings with it justice as undecidability, such as the obligation to make fair decisions, even when it is not possible to state the presence of justice. Law, writing and deconstruction converge then to justice, understood as the hospitality.

After the Lisbon Summit of 2009, the whole matter of fundamental rights in the European Union has taken a new connotation. Local economic interests and social protests – in opposition to the "neoliberal agenda" of EU institutions – have played an important role in stopping the enforcement of the "Constitutional Treaty" and boosted an anti-Euro mobilization. In the meanwhile, the European bodies and transnational corporations have continued to settle a new and alternative basis for the integration. A radical shift can be observed, from the research of synthetic set of principles – as those established on the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights – to a deeply technical and detailed normative production. The regulation on safety and healthy workplaces is one of the best point of view to study this change. Far from calling into question the unbalanced positions between the parties in contemporary labour relationships, the European strategy for workers' protection move through procedural issues and voluntary obedience to the soft law instruments. In the past, the legal doctrine described the creation of a multilevel architecture of institutions, sometimes implemented in a top-down approach. Along with this, recently, it was implemented the establishment of common organizational standards associated to a specific system of corporate governance to pursue a better integration between business and fundamental rights. ; Após o Summit de Lisboa de 2009, toda a questão dos direitos fundamentais na União Europeia tomou uma nova conotação. Os interesses econômicos locais e os protestos sociais – em oposição a "agenda neoliberal" promovida pelas instituições europeias – têm desempenhado um papel importante em parar a execução do "Tratado Constitucional" e impulsionaram uma mobilização anti-Euro. No enquanto isso, os organismos europeus e as empresas transnacionais instalaram uma base nova e alternativa para a integração. Uma mudança radical pode ser observada, a partir da pesquisa de um conjunto (ainda) sintético de princípios – como os estabelecidos na Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia – para uma produção normativa profundamente técnica e detalhada. A regulação da segurança no lugar de trabalho é um dos melhores pontos de observação para estudar a transformação mencionada. Longe de pôr em causa as posições desequilibradas entre as partes nas relações de trabalho contemporâneas, a estratégia europeia para a proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores prefere as questões procedimentais e a adesão voluntária aos instrumentos de soft law. No passado, a doutrina jurídica descrevia a criação de uma arquitetura multi-nível de instituições, as vezes implementada por meio de uma abordagem de cima para baixo (top-down approach). Junto com isso, recentemente, teve a implementação de padrões organizacionais comuns para a criação de um sistema específico de governança corporativa, finalizado a buscar uma melhor integração entre os negócios e os direitos fundamentais.

It should be emphasized the role assumed by government procurement policy in the list of public policies since this mechanism can be used to achieve a wide range of objectives. Moreover, this importance becomes even more evident when the high proportion of government purchasing power vis-à-vis the GDP of countries is verified. In Brazil, based on the study that will be presented in this text for discussion, the magnitude of the government procurement market represents 12.5% of the country's GDP (average calculated for the period 2006 and 2016). Given the importance of the market and government procurement policy, and intending to the scarcity of studies on these topics, the relevance of studies that throw light on them is in the eye. This is precisely the objective of this study, namely, to bring to the fore data and information about the Brazilian government procurement market between 2006 and 2016, considering the following dimensions: i) purchases of costing versus capital purchases; ii) direct administration and indirect administration (for the federal government); and iii) Participation of the three Federation ones. Besides the measurement of the Brazilian government procurement market for the period explained, this study also proposes to present explanations for the drop of about 4.5 p.p. between 2012 and 2016. Concerning methodological strategies, this study is mainly based on two mechanisms: i) bibliographic review of the literature concerning the central theme of the research; and ii) collection and analysis of secondary data from the Brazilian official bases, to measuring and analyzing the Brazilian government procurement market.