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"Attributes increasing open urban unemployment shown in annual surveys (1992-94) to the saturation of the informal sector and to the increase of labor force participation rates in response to economic crisis. Disaggregates results based on salary, age, education, sex, and underemployment by sector and occupational status. Advocates employment-generating public projects (particularly those aimed at women), increased emphasis on basic education, and expanded social welfare programs"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

At this moment the family, like other institutions, is undergoing a process of individualization, that affects the social functions traditionally assumed by the family & the relationships among its members. Although the family is presented as a flexible & dynamic institution, it does not seem able to manage the risks, tensions & conflicts to which it is subject as a result of the crisis of the welfare State & the structural changes now taking place. The changes & conflicts that are generated in the heart of the family institution demand the articulation of new languages, rules, resources & styles, which cannot be confronted from the encapsulation in which the family finds itself. A new family/society pact must be established to which a strong citizenry can return, creating public spaces, times, languages to redefine the private & the public. Spain is not exempt from the phenomenon of individualization, as shown by the latest reforms in family law with the aim of making the institution of marriage meet the demand individual rights. Adapted from the source document.

The feminist economy is an heterodox school of thought concerned about making visible the gender dimension within the economic dynamic and the implications for the lives of women. Its notion of the economy of care has contributed to updating the feminist debate about the ways of organizing social reproduction and recognizing its impact on the reproduction of inequality. This article picks this conceptual input, explains the role of care in the functioning of the economic system, reviews the current injustice in the current form of social organization of care and the challenges which are imposed on public policies in the societies that aspire for greater equality. (Nueva Soc/GIGA)