Suchergebnisse

The objectives of government are pivotal to understanding the diverse negative effects of corruption on public welfare. Corruption renders governments unable or unwilling to maximize welfare. In the first case, it distorts agents' decisions and limits the contractual space available to agents and the government, acting as a benevolent principal. In the second case, a corrupt principal creates allocative inefficiencies, cripples its credible commitment to effective policies, and opens the door to opportunism.

Examines impact of prosocial orientations on attitudes toward social welfare policies, focusing on the orientation of humanitarianism, which is defined as a sense of obligation to help those in need; US.

""Contents""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""1 Desperately Seeking a Successor to the Welfare State""; ""Progressive Theories of Social Welfare""; ""1. Social�Democratic Perspectives""; ""2. Marxian and Neo�Marxian Approaches""; ""3. Feminist Perspectives""; ""4. The Anti-Racist Critique of the Welfare State""; ""5. The Green Critique of the Welfare State""; ""6. The Emancipatory Needs�Articulation Approach to Social Welfare""; ""Towards a Theoretical Synthesis""; ""From Theory to Issues""; ""The Social Movements and Organizations""; ""Dealing with Issues in the ""Real World""""

Evaluating WELFARE REFORM in an Era of Transition -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE PANEL -- FINDINGS -- KEY QUESTIONS OF INTEREST -- Populations of Interest -- Outcomes of Interest -- Research Questions of Interest -- EVALUATION METHODS FOR THE QUESTIONS OF INTEREST -- DATA FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATING SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS -- 1 Introduction -- THE PANEL -- POLICY BACKGROUND -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 2 Welfare Reform Monitoring and Evaluation: The Current Landscape -- Major Supporting Funders -- DESCRIPTIVE AND MONITORING STUDIES -- STUDIES OF WELFARE LEAVERS AND RELATED GROUPS -- RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENTS -- CASELOAD AND OTHER ECONOMETRIC MODELS -- PROCESS, IMPLEMENTATION, AND QUALITATIVE STUDIES -- OTHER WELFARE REFORM STUDIES -- STUDIES ON TOPICS RELATED TO WELFARE REFORM -- 3 Research Questions and Populations of Interest -- POPULATIONS OF INTEREST -- OUTCOMES OF INTEREST -- QUESTIONS OF INTEREST -- Monitoring the Well-Being of the Low-Income Population -- Characterizing and Tracking Policies, Programs, and Administrative Practices -- Formally Evaluating the Impact of Welfare Reform -- NATIONWIDE VERSUS INDIVIDUAL STATE ASSESSMENTS -- ASSESSMENT -- 4 Evaluation Methods and Issues -- OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION METHODS -- Experimental Methods -- Nonexperimental Methods -- Process Analysis and Qualitative Methods -- EVALUATION METHODS FOR THE QUESTIONS OF INTEREST -- Estimating the Overall Effects of Structural Welfare Reform -- Estimating the Effects of Individual Broad Reform Components -- Estimating the Effects of Detailed Reform Strategies -- Conclusions -- ISSUES IN EVALUATION METHODOLOGY -- Assessing the Reliability of Nonexperimental Evaluation Methods -- Specification Tests -- Sensitivity Testing -- Applying Nonexperimental Methods to Experimental Data.

Welfare reform in the Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 has moved many people out of welfare, but not out of poverty. By putting work first, it is now more difficult for individuals to receive education that would prepare them for secure jobs that would provide sufficient wages & benefits to adequately support their families. Of welfare leavers interviewed, those who found work earn an average hourly wage of $7.50; 40% work part time; & only 36% receive health insurance. Research finds that about 74% of welfare leavers remain in poverty & that the demand for emergency food & shelter has significantly risen since welfare reform. Education & training are necessary first steps to confront poverty, & the majority of Americans believe that government should help those moving from welfare to work to obtain sufficient training & find jobs that offer opportunities for advancement. L. A. Hoffman

Examines the impact of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 in the US; some focus on youth, education, and drugs; includes some comparison with Australia; 7 articles. Contents: The protagonists and ideas behind the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996: the enactment of a conservative welfare system, by Brendon O'Connor; Work first and forget about education: New York City's Personal Responsibility Act and the creation of a workplace underclass, by Delores Jones-Brown, Jacqueline Mahoney; Some new killing trick: welfare reform and drug markets in a U.S. urban ghetto, by Sylvie C. Tourigny; Pregnant drug users: scapegoats of Reagan/Bush and Clinton-era economics, by Sheigla Murphy, Paloma Sales; The post-welfare state and the government of youth at-risk, by Peter Kelly; Exchange, reciprocity, and citizenship--principles of access and the challenge to human rights in the third sector: an Australian perspective, by Patricia M. Short, Allyson Mutch; Conclusion--when all is said and done, by Sylvie C. Tourigny, Delores Jones-Brown.

Examines welfare reform in light of larger political, economic, and policy shifts; some focus on the role of welfare policy changes in masking and revealing US gender, race, and class relations; 11 articles.