Suchergebnisse

Abstract. A regional study of snow avalanche processes was undertaken in the SE Pyrenees. Dendrogeomorphology was used to date and reconstruct large-scale snow avalanche events that occurred in the last four decades. Dendrochronological analyses yielded the dates of nine winters when avalanches occurred in the recent past in six studied avalanche paths. Some of these avalanches were already known, but others had not been documented. In one case, the existing avalanche path map was improved with the dendrogeomorphological information of a larger past event. As a result of the dendrogeomorphological analyses, evidence for three regional-scale major avalanche years was identified in the SE Pyrenees from 1971 to 2004: 1971–1972, 1995–1996 and 2002–2003. The specific synoptic atmospheric situations and the most likely nivometeorological and snowpack conditions that released these major avalanches were determined using weather data for the seasons of major avalanche releases. In 1971–1972 the snow avalanche episode was characterized by a deep trough crossing the Pyrenees. In 1995–1996 a variety of meteorological situations produced several episodes of major avalanches. In 2002–2003 the more significant of two episodes was attributed to a north advection pumping an arctic air mass over the Pyrenees. The 1995–1996 avalanche season proved to be the most notable in the four past decades in the Pyrenees.

Considers changes in property ownership and community reproduction. Discusses the conditions governing the emergence and growing domination of tourism-oriented capitalism in a society of farmer-herdsmen in village communities. (SJO)

The topic at issue today is a particularly topical topic on both sides of the Pyrenees: in France, the contested law of 16 December 2010, known as the territorial reform law, introduced the cessation of national policy, systematised and simplified inter-municipal grouping, required the extension of EPCI perimeters and introduced new inter-municipal structures, the metropolitan areas. In Spain, territorial organisation is the subject of lively debate. In the context of the recent election campaign (parliamentary elections of 20 November 2011), the PSOE proposed the abolition of the provinces, established in 1833, while in the regions the question of 'good' splitting remains. In Aragon, the controversy rises over the cost of running the comarcas; in Catalonia, the revision of the Statute of Self-Government adopted in 2006 calls into question both the existence of the provinces (assimilated to central government taxation) and that of the 41 comarcas introduced by the Generality, which would eventually be replaced by 7 veguards 1. I propose that you put all this into perspective and give some feedback on the recent history of the territorial divisions in France and Spain, which should help to better understand today's debates. To this end, I will present you here with some results of a research carried out a few years ago as part of a research programme on the emergence of new areas of inter-municipal cooperation. This programme had received a grant from the Aragon/Aquitaine Joint Cooperation Funds (2003) and was carried out in collaboration with geographers of the University of Zaragoza. The reflection was then extended through a research contract funded by the MEDD/PUCA (2003-2006) on tourism and inter-municipal cooperation in the Pyrenees in 2. ; International audience ; The topic at issue today is a particularly topical topic on both sides of the Pyrenees: in France, the contested law of 16 December 2010, known as the territorial reform law, introduced the cessation of national policy, systematised and ...

As other european mountains, the Pyrenees have constituted since the beginning of the 20th c. a privileged area for the application of various nature protection policies. Relations between nature protection and the other mountain's functions, considered for a long time with a dichotomised approach, were in fact complex and diversified. In a context of evolution where Pyrenean mountain is marked by desindustrialisation, the recombining of pastoral and forest productive systems, and the growth of local touristic economies, various actors have given to nature protection more and more social objectives which have complexed its implementation. It was used as a support for local strategies in order to reorganize and recombine collective action. However problems of coordination and conflicts of interests arise because of taking into account ecological stakes and the integration of nature protection into a functionalized logic of territorial development. ; A l'instar des autres massifs européens, les Pyrénées ont constitué un secteur privilégié pour l'application des générations successives de politiques de protection de la nature. La relation entre celle-ci et les fonctions sociales de la montagne, longtemps appréhendée suivant une lecture antithétique, a été en pratique diversifiée. Dans un contexte d'évolution marqué par l'héritage de la désindustrialisation, la recomposition des systèmes productifs pastoral et forestier et la croissance des économies locales touristiques, les acteurs publics ont progressivement investi la protection de la nature d'objectifs sociaux qui ont complexifié sa mise en œuvre. Elle a ainsi servi de support à la construction de stratégies de recomposition de l'action collective. Des problèmes de coordination et des conflits d'intérêts se posent cependant entre la prise en compte des enjeux écologiques et l'intégration de la protection de la nature à une logique fonctionnalisée de développement territorial.

As other european mountains, the Pyrenees have constituted since the beginning of the 20th c. a privileged area for the application of various nature protection policies. Relations between nature protection and the other mountain's functions, considered for a long time with a dichotomised approach, were in fact complex and diversified. In a context of evolution where Pyrenean mountain is marked by desindustrialisation, the recombining of pastoral and forest productive systems, and the growth of local touristic economies, various actors have given to nature protection more and more social objectives which have complexed its implementation. It was used as a support for local strategies in order to reorganize and recombine collective action. However problems of coordination and conflicts of interests arise because of taking into account ecological stakes and the integration of nature protection into a functionalized logic of territorial development. ; A l'instar des autres massifs européens, les Pyrénées ont constitué un secteur privilégié pour l'application des générations successives de politiques de protection de la nature. La relation entre celle-ci et les fonctions sociales de la montagne, longtemps appréhendée suivant une lecture antithétique, a été en pratique diversifiée. Dans un contexte d'évolution marqué par l'héritage de la désindustrialisation, la recomposition des systèmes productifs pastoral et forestier et la croissance des économies locales touristiques, les acteurs publics ont progressivement investi la protection de la nature d'objectifs sociaux qui ont complexifié sa mise en œuvre. Elle a ainsi servi de support à la construction de stratégies de recomposition de l'action collective. Des problèmes de coordination et des conflits d'intérêts se posent cependant entre la prise en compte des enjeux écologiques et l'intégration de la protection de la nature à une logique fonctionnalisée de développement territorial.

13 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. ; [EN] The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in a 504 km2 river basin in Eastern Pyrenees and assess its uncertainties. The study area is topographically complex and is dominated by Mediterranean climate with intense rains during summer. Available rainfall dataset includes 14 years spanning from 1991 to 2004 at daily resolution from seven weather stations and sub-hourly from one station. Daily R values were calculated from sub-hourly data, and then by using the relationship between daily R values and precipitation, the R values for weather stations having only daily rainfall resolution were calculated. The error propagation by using such upscaling approach was analyzed. The studied sources of uncertainty of R factor at annual scale were: the use of the relationship between daily R values and precipitation, the temporal averaging of R values and spatial variation. Results have shown that at annual scale the temporal averaging was the largest contributor of uncertainty (70%); however this contribution decreased significantly (14%) when R was estimated for the long term. ; [ES] El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución espacial de la erosividad de precipitación en una cuenca de 504 km2 en el Este de los Pirineos y evaluar sus incertidumbres. El área de estudio presenta una topografía compleja y está dominada por un clima Mediterráneo con lluvias intensas durante el verano. Los datos de precipitación utilizados abarcan 14 años, desde 1991 hasta 2004, a una resolución diaria en siete estaciones meteorológicas y minutal en una estación. Los valores diarios de R se calcularon a partir de datos con resolución minutal, y luego se estableció una relación entre valores diarios de R y precipitación, con el fin de calcular los valores de R para las estaciones meteorológicas que sólo presentan resolución diaria. Las fuentes de incertidumbre considerados para el factor R a escala anual fueron: el uso de la relación entre los valores de R diaria y precipitación, el promedio temporal de los valores de R y la variación espacial. Los resultados han mostrado que a escala anual la variación temporal fue el mayor contribuyente (70%) a la incertidumbre total, sin embargo éste disminuyó significativamente (14%) cuando R fue estimada a largo plazo. ; This research was supported by the PROBASE (CGL2006-11619). The authors are indebted to: Montserrat Soler and Juliana Delgado and the other members of the Surface Hydrology and Erosion Research Group at IDAEA, CSIC for providing the necessary data and support. The contribution of the first author was made possible by a DEBEQ grant, funded by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia. Research at the Vallcebre area is also supported by an agreement between CSIC and the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino (RESEL). ; Peer reviewed