Suchergebnisse

The article embarks upon the discrepancy in time between the establishment of the first translation schools in Europe and in Lithuania, where the first translation school dates back as late as the last decades of the twentieth century, after regaining Independence. The historical overview accounts, in a sense, for at times lesser importance of the quality of translation than anticipated. The article aims at a study of Lithuanian and French translations of A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin; the novel opens a series of books under the title A Song of Ice and Fire. The analysis is based on Henri Meschonnic's concepts of poetics of translation, ethics and policies. It also adopts Anthony Pym's principles of translation ethics. George R.R. Martin's phenomenon is briefly discussed in the article, his role in the contemporary world of science fiction genre, specifically in the niche of epic fantasy novels is presented. Having discussed concepts of poetics of translation, translation and translator's ethics, as well as policies of translation, the author procedes with selected samples of French and Lithuanian translations and presents them in problem-based units, such as translation of proper names of the literary characters, metaphorical expressions and literal translation. Having analysed the corpus of samples in Lithuanian and French the author arrives at the conclusion that the translator into French has preserved the poetics of the original and has demonstrated adherence to the principles of translator's ethics, while the translator into Lithuanian has failed in her attempt to reveal the poetics of the text, and the big number of word-for-word translation passages indicates some lack of fidelity to the original text and its translation, as well as translator's ethics in general. Thus it may be assumed, from a broader perspective, that the recently established school of translation in Lithuania lacks some tradition of quality as applied to translation text and that may cause such unfortunate results as the study has revealed.

The article embarks upon the discrepancy in time between the establishment of the first translation schools in Europe and in Lithuania, where the first translation school dates back as late as the last decades of the twentieth century, after regaining Independence. The historical overview accounts, in a sense, for at times lesser importance of the quality of translation than anticipated. The article aims at a study of Lithuanian and French translations of A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin; the novel opens a series of books under the title A Song of Ice and Fire. The analysis is based on Henri Meschonnic's concepts of poetics of translation, ethics and policies. It also adopts Anthony Pym's principles of translation ethics. George R.R. Martin's phenomenon is briefly discussed in the article, his role in the contemporary world of science fiction genre, specifically in the niche of epic fantasy novels is presented. Having discussed concepts of poetics of translation, translation and translator's ethics, as well as policies of translation, the author procedes with selected samples of French and Lithuanian translations and presents them in problem-based units, such as translation of proper names of the literary characters, metaphorical expressions and literal translation. Having analysed the corpus of samples in Lithuanian and French the author arrives at the conclusion that the translator into French has preserved the poetics of the original and has demonstrated adherence to the principles of translator's ethics, while the translator into Lithuanian has failed in her attempt to reveal the poetics of the text, and the big number of word-for-word translation passages indicates some lack of fidelity to the original text and its translation, as well as translator's ethics in general. Thus it may be assumed, from a broader perspective, that the recently established school of translation in Lithuania lacks some tradition of quality as applied to translation text and that may cause such unfortunate results as the study has revealed.

The article embarks upon the discrepancy in time between the establishment of the first translation schools in Europe and in Lithuania, where the first translation school dates back as late as the last decades of the twentieth century, after regaining Independence. The historical overview accounts, in a sense, for at times lesser importance of the quality of translation than anticipated. The article aims at a study of Lithuanian and French translations of A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin; the novel opens a series of books under the title A Song of Ice and Fire. The analysis is based on Henri Meschonnic's concepts of poetics of translation, ethics and policies. It also adopts Anthony Pym's principles of translation ethics. George R.R. Martin's phenomenon is briefly discussed in the article, his role in the contemporary world of science fiction genre, specifically in the niche of epic fantasy novels is presented. Having discussed concepts of poetics of translation, translation and translator's ethics, as well as policies of translation, the author procedes with selected samples of French and Lithuanian translations and presents them in problem-based units, such as translation of proper names of the literary characters, metaphorical expressions and literal translation. Having analysed the corpus of samples in Lithuanian and French the author arrives at the conclusion that the translator into French has preserved the poetics of the original and has demonstrated adherence to the principles of translator's ethics, while the translator into Lithuanian has failed in her attempt to reveal the poetics of the text, and the big number of word-for-word translation passages indicates some lack of fidelity to the original text and its translation, as well as translator's ethics in general. Thus it may be assumed, from a broader perspective, that the recently established school of translation in Lithuania lacks some tradition of quality as applied to translation text and that may cause such unfortunate results as the study has revealed.

As Lithuania joined European Union (EU), there is an opportunity to reach a higher level of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is extremely important to use all chances in communicating with international programs like Socrates and Erasmus. These programs provide ability to strengthen not only professional competence, but also foreign language skills and understanding different cultures. Every year students and teachers come to universities of Lithuania, so there must exist the best circumstances to achieve cultural, educational and linguistic experience. A lot of foreign students in Lithuania choose to study the Lithuanian language. Therefore it is important to organize the studies of the Lithuanian language in a way that it would be interesting and useful. The survey has showat students that come under Socrates Erasmus student exchange programme should be introduced to cultural awareness and competencies rather than to grammar patterns. There should be more emphasis on teaching functional language. The Lithuanian language teachers faced with the lack of modern course books for foreign students that would cater the needs of those students, teaching functional language and introducing to socio cultural issues. Therefore there is a strong demand to compile and publish a new updated and modern textbook for the Lithuanian language learners. Modern language teaching is the way to socio cultural awareness and teaching cultural values. Teaching culture is one of the most important aspects of the Lithuanian language teaching in modern and open society.

As Lithuania joined European Union (EU), there is an opportunity to reach a higher level of scientific knowledge. Therefore, it is extremely important to use all chances in communicating with international programs like Socrates and Erasmus. These programs provide ability to strengthen not only professional competence, but also foreign language skills and understanding different cultures. Every year students and teachers come to universities of Lithuania, so there must exist the best circumstances to achieve cultural, educational and linguistic experience. A lot of foreign students in Lithuania choose to study the Lithuanian language. Therefore it is important to organize the studies of the Lithuanian language in a way that it would be interesting and useful. The survey has showat students that come under Socrates Erasmus student exchange programme should be introduced to cultural awareness and competencies rather than to grammar patterns. There should be more emphasis on teaching functional language. The Lithuanian language teachers faced with the lack of modern course books for foreign students that would cater the needs of those students, teaching functional language and introducing to socio cultural issues. Therefore there is a strong demand to compile and publish a new updated and modern textbook for the Lithuanian language learners. Modern language teaching is the way to socio cultural awareness and teaching cultural values. Teaching culture is one of the most important aspects of the Lithuanian language teaching in modern and open society.

The concept of justice has undergone a historical transformation alongside the widening field of its application: the transition has occurred from the level of the family to the city (state), and from the city to the level of humanity. According to K. R. Popper, the open society emerged in the first stage of transformation, i.e., in Athens. Henri Bergson views the rational justice of the city-empire Athens as an engine of the closed society that maintains the tradition of the archaic (family) justice despite the political transformation that was occurring at that time – the emergence of democracy. Bergson believes that an open society is born only when justice becomes absolute, i.e., when the principle of justice is aimed to be applied at the level of humanity, something that got its historical impetus only from Judaism and Christianity. In this article, this evolution of the concept of justice and the transformation of a closed society into an open one are analysed by referring to texts of Aeschylus, Aristotle, Pierre Manent, and other authors. In the end, the question is raised of correspondence of contemporary Europe (the EU) to the concept of an open society.

The concept of justice has undergone a historical transformation alongside the widening field of its application: the transition has occurred from the level of the family to the city (state), and from the city to the level of humanity. According to K. R. Popper, the open society emerged in the first stage of transformation, i.e., in Athens. Henri Bergson views the rational justice of the city-empire Athens as an engine of the closed society that maintains the tradition of the archaic (family) justice despite the political transformation that was occurring at that time – the emergence of democracy. Bergson believes that an open society is born only when justice becomes absolute, i.e., when the principle of justice is aimed to be applied at the level of humanity, something that got its historical impetus only from Judaism and Christianity. In this article, this evolution of the concept of justice and the transformation of a closed society into an open one are analysed by referring to texts of Aeschylus, Aristotle, Pierre Manent, and other authors. In the end, the question is raised of correspondence of contemporary Europe (the EU) to the concept of an open society.

The article presents the current information system (online infrastructure) of the resources of the Lithuanian language (http://lkiis.lki.lt/) and developing this system within the framework of a new project funded by the European Union structural funds. The project is expected to achieve the following goals: integrate another 3 monolingual Lithuanian language resources, which is undergoing an overhaul (http://lkiis.lki.lt/ → https://ekalba.lt/public#/home/main): digitalised the great Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (20 volumes), the digital Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language with a list of titles, and the digital Database of Lithuanian Neologisms; design a semantic WordNet of the Lithuanian language and some more new e-services for the users. Also, the development of the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (the data administrator and manager of the Information System of the Lithuanian Term Bank is the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, see http://terminai.vlkk.lt/) as well as the information about some other innovative digital resources, public services and language tools in Lithuanian language industry are presented, and various challenges are provided.

The article presents the current information system (online infrastructure) of the resources of the Lithuanian language (http://lkiis.lki.lt/) and developing this system within the framework of a new project funded by the European Union structural funds. The project is expected to achieve the following goals: integrate another 3 monolingual Lithuanian language resources, which is undergoing an overhaul (http://lkiis.lki.lt/ → https://ekalba.lt/public#/home/main): digitalised the great Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (20 volumes), the digital Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language with a list of titles, and the digital Database of Lithuanian Neologisms; design a semantic WordNet of the Lithuanian language and some more new e-services for the users. Also, the development of the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (the data administrator and manager of the Information System of the Lithuanian Term Bank is the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language, see http://terminai.vlkk.lt/) as well as the information about some other innovative digital resources, public services and language tools in Lithuanian language industry are presented, and various challenges are provided.

Udovičius R. The program of civil defence education in secondary school Alsėdžiai: experience and perspective / Master thesis of Public security and defence. Leader doc. dr. Rolanda Kazlauskaitė Markelienė. Vilnius: The General Jonas Zemaitis Lithuanian Military Academy, Department of Humanities: in 2017. 64 p.

Udovičius R. The program of civil defence education in secondary school Alsėdžiai: experience and perspective / Master thesis of Public security and defence. Leader doc. dr. Rolanda Kazlauskaitė Markelienė. Vilnius: The General Jonas Zemaitis Lithuanian Military Academy, Department of Humanities: in 2017. 64 p.

Udovičius R. The program of civil defence education in secondary school Alsėdžiai: experience and perspective / Master thesis of Public security and defence. Leader doc. dr. Rolanda Kazlauskaitė Markelienė. Vilnius: The General Jonas Zemaitis Lithuanian Military Academy, Department of Humanities: in 2017. 64 p.

Udovičius R. The program of civil defence education in secondary school Alsėdžiai: experience and perspective / Master thesis of Public security and defence. Leader doc. dr. Rolanda Kazlauskaitė Markelienė. Vilnius: The General Jonas Zemaitis Lithuanian Military Academy, Department of Humanities: in 2017. 64 p.