Suchergebnisse

El autor detalla el juego de relaciones diplomáticas que la España de Felipe V, en la etapa de gobierno de Alberoni, estableció con el príncipe Francisco II Rákóczi de Transilvania para abrir un frente interno en el Imperio de los Habsburgo. Las esperanzas del príncipe Rákóczi de recobrar Transilvania, eran contempladas por el gobierno de Madrid como una posible diversión estratégica para ayudar a la recuperación de los antiguos territorios españoles de Italia. ; The author describes the game of the diplomatic relations established by King Felipe V during Alberoni's government, with Prince Francis II Rákóczi of Transylvania to open an internal front in the Habsburg Empire. Prince Rákóczi's hopes of recovering Transylvania, were seen by the spanish government as a possible diversion strategy to help to the recovery of the old spanish territories in Italy.

The uprising of Francis II Rákóczi in 1703–1711 is a frequently debated topic in European historiographies (especially in Hungarian, Slovak and Polish). For the Slovak historiography (since its beginning), anti-Habsburg uprisings in the 17th and early 18th centuries has been a key issue. There is a number of works that deal with the last anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary in detail. The aim of this study is to examine the mentioned events through the prism of a different historical source, the Russian newspaper "Vedomosti", which in 1703 to 1711 captured relatively detailed information about the uprising of Francis II Rákóczi. The first report about the anti-Habsburg uprising in Russian Journal "Vedomosti" was published in October 1703. Most reports describe military operations on the Slovak territory, which makes their content interesting for Slovak historiography. The study analyses the problems of international relations and political interests of the Imperial Russian court with regard to Francis II Rákóczi in the context of sources, scholarly literature as well as information from the newspaper itself. Reports of the Francis II. Rákóczi's uprising in the Russian periodical from 1703–1711 may not be of key importance to the scholarly research of the uprising itself, but they demonstrate the interest of the Russian diplomacy in the events in Central Europe and Hungarian anti-Habsburg rebellions in the context of European policy in the early 18th century. After the conclusion of the treaty of Satmár, Francis II Rákóczi remained interesting for European politics, even in a different context. After 1711, Tsar Peter the Great invited F.Rákóczi and his supporters to immigrate to Russia. However, such an option was unacceptable to F.Rákóczi himself.

The emperor's preoccupation with the Hungarian Rákóczi rebellion close to home, rather than with fighting Louis XIV more effectively, was often cited as a reason for the break-up of the alliance between the Habsburgs and the Protestant sea-powers towards the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. Yet, with the possible exception of the one campaign in 1705, the Habsburgs never wavered in their determination to accord priority to the war with France. When they finally did send more troops into Hungary after 1708, cavalry in particular, the opportunity costs were small - mainly because there were so few opportunities to exploit elsewhere: a few thousand hussars would not have made that much of a difference in Flanders.

A véradók önfeláldozó tevékenysége rendkívül fontos a társadalom számára. Az emberi vér semmivel sem pótolható. Éves szinten számos embertársunk szorul életmentő vérkészítményre. Ennek lehetnek baleseti okai vagy műtétek elvégzése, de sajnos számos betegség következménye, hogy vérre, vagy vérkészítményre van szükség. A vérellátó szolgálatnak időről-időre egyre nagyobb kihívást jelent a szükséges vér begyűjtése, véradások szervezése, donorok megkeresése, felkutatása. Ennek különösan nagy jelentősége volt a pandémia időszaka alatt. Látva ezen folyamatok nehézségét, a vérkészítmények iránti egyre fokozódó igényt, a Békés Vármegyei Kormányhivatal társadalmi szerepvállalásait erősítve együttműködve a megyei vöröskereszttel, a vérellátó szolgálattal, számos civil szervezettel, a vármegyei véradások szervezésébe kezdett. Az elmúlt öt évben több mint 130 véradó esemény került közös megrendezésre, ahol több mint 3 400 fő véradó jelent meg, akik összesen több mint 1 500 liter vért adtak, ezzel 10 ezer fő vérre szoruló embertársunk életét mentették meg.

The ecological importance of both ants and spiders is well known, as well as the relationship between certain spiders and ants. The two main strategies ˗ myrmecomorphy (ant-mimicking) and myrmecophagy (ant-eating) ˗ that connect spiders to ants have been mostly studied at the behavioural level. However, less is known about how these relationships manifest at the ecological level by shaping the distribution of populations and assemblages. Our question was how ant-mimicking and ant-eating spiders associate with ant genera as revealed by field co-occurrence patterns. For both spider groups we examined strength and specificity of the association, and how it is affected by ant size and defence strategy. To study spider-ant association patterns we carried out pitfall sampling on the dolomitic Sas Hill located in Budapest, Hungary. Spiders and ants were collected at eight grassland locations by operating five pitfalls/location continuously for two years. To find co-occurrence patterns, two approaches were used: correlation analyses to uncover possible spider-ant pairs, and null-model analyses (C-score) to show negative associations. These alternative statistical methods revealed consistent co-occurrence patterns. Associations were generally broad, not specific to exact ant genera. Ant-eating spiders showed a stronger association with ants. Both ant-mimicking and ant-eating spiders associated more strongly with Formicine ants - species with formic acid or anal gland secretions, and had neutral association with Myrmicine ants - species with stings and cuticle defences.