Suchergebnisse

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern
telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of
national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of
national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and
deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing
inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart.
Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but
to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers.
In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at
its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into
a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now
is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach
by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces
to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at
competitive price.

Cloud computing refers to anything that involves delivering hosted services over the internet. In other words, it refers to the activity undertaken by IT service organizations for delivering computing requirements as a service to a heterogeneous community of end-recipients. All cloud computing models depend heavily on resource and data sharing. This kind of data centre environment permits enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with easier manageability and little maintenance, and facilitates IT to adjust more swiftly, its IT resources (namely storage, servers and networking) to meet asymmetrical and volatile business requirement. The flip side is that huge concentration of data at one centre makes it more vulnerable to cyber attacks; and the extreme power given to cloud centers to control resources, increases the risk of potential deceitful conduct. The practice seems to be in nascent stages in India. The fact, however, is that, cloud computing is distrusted in India since service providers do not take cloud computing due diligence very seriously.In light of the above scenario, this paper seeks to understand the suitability of cloud computing in India, considering that India does not have any dedicated regulatory framework to support the same. The reasons for cautious adoption of cloud computing in India can be attributed to lack of privacy laws, absence of data protection laws, inadequate data security, inappropriate data erasing mechanism, poor watch over data handling, licensing and jurisdictional issues; to name a few. This study further seeks to suggest certain mechanisms and measures that may be adopted to pave way for more liberal adoption of cloud computing in India.

Several scientific areas have benefited significantly from the introduction of nanotechnology and the respective evolution. This is especially noteworthy in the development of new drug substances and products. This review focuses on the introduction of nanomedicines in the pharmaceutical market, and all the controversy associated to basic concepts related to these nanosystems, and the numerous methodologies applied for enhanced knowledge. Due to the properties conferred by the nanoscale, the challenges for nanotechnology implementation, specifically in the pharmaceutical development of new drug products and respective regulatory issues are critically discussed, mainly focused on the European Union context. Finally, issues pertaining to the current applications and future developments are presented.

For 124 Indian tribes, casino gaming has become an important source of revenue as a result of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) of 1988. This article reviews the judicial and legislative history of Indian gaming. Second, it examines regulation and oversight of Indian gaming. Next, it provides examples of the uses of gaming revenue. Then it considers the positive and negative impacts of casinos on Indian communities, local businesses, and states. Finally, it discusses the conflict over the sovereignty of Indian tribes as it relates to amending IGRA.

Advances in digital technology are expanding the boundaries of firms. Digital platform firms, which leverage a "platform" to create value through facilitating exchanges between two or more interdependent groups, are the new disrupters in the market. They exhibit distinct features such as scale without mass, positive network effects, accumulation of tremendous data, and a convoluted value creation process with user participation. Meanwhile, they bring more opportunities to traditional businesses by closely connecting suppliers and customers and reducing transaction frictions. Such a changing business landscape calls for adaptive policies and regulations. This policy paper lays out the key policy and regulatory issues around digital businesses. Competition laws need to be revisited to address the winner-take-all tendency of digital platform businesses. Tax systems should also be updated to close the loopholes available to digital platform businesses so that they pay their fair share to society. This paper also provides the first analysis of the World Bank's Digital Business Indicators initiative, which collects information on the existence and quality of regulations in broadband connectivity, digital payment, data privacy and security, as well as logistics, in 21 pilot countries. It aims to explore the possibilities for developing the regulatory and policy indicators that governments can work with to promote the digital economy.