Suchergebnisse

Los estudios sobre relaciones internacionales y, particularmente, sobre las de la dictadura Franquista, han experimentado grandes avances en los últimos años, tanto en cuanto al objeto de estudio (países con los que mantenía relaciones el Régimen) como a la metodología (paso de una historia diplomática clásica a una historia transnacional). Pretendemos, con esta aportación, examinar las relaciones de España con los dos Estados alemanes desde la hipótesis de que, sobre las bases de la «tradicional amistad» entre España y Alemania, el Estado español se vinculó fuertemente a la RFA, con miras a la incorporación en las Comunidades Europeas, e hizo depender toda su política hacia Europa del Este (y, más específicamente, hacia la RDA) de esos vínculos con la RFA y esa pretensión, imposible por la naturaleza dictatorial del Régimen, de unirse al proyecto de integración de Europa Occidental. Utilizaremos, para ello, fuentes de archivo (Archivo General de la Administración, Bundesarchiv, Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts), fuentes hemerográficas y, por supuesto, la abundante bibliografía que hay sobre la mirada española hacia Alemania y hacia Europa.

West Germany and the Ostpolitik, by Helmut Kohl
A constructive Ostpolitik is only possible on the condition that the FRG remains firmly integrated in the Western alliance and that this continuity, established by Konrad Adenauer, is not put into question on the domestic scene. The rivalry between East and West will continue to dominate the world scene, and the FRG will thus maintain its fundamental choice in favor of integration within the West, as this is the only way to insure its interests. The FRG cannot return to a policy of balancing between East and West or of playing the role of a bridge in Europe, as was the case before the Second World War. The CDU will continue to support a policy based on the two pillars of security (which demands that the military balance between East and West threathened to-day by the action of the USSR be maintained) and of detente and cooperation with the Eastern countries. Based on the treaties concluded with these countries since 1970, the Ostpolitik must be clarified and conceived in a realistic way, taking into account the long term strategy of the USSR. A stable country in an increasingly unstable world, the FRG must promote its world-wide interests by making use of its own economic means, but its primary aim must be to strenghten Western cooperation within NATO and within the EEC.

Hérodote a interviewé Nicolas Offenstadt, auteur de Le Pays disparu. Sur les traces de la RDA . L'approche par la description du paysage contemporain de l'Allemagne de l'Est est très intéressante pour donner à comprendre ce que peut ressentir la population de l'ex-RDA : friches industrielles, bâtiments administratifs fermés, présence/absence de l'art et de l'architecture socialistes, etc. Pour l'auteur, en quarante ans, un monde commun s'est constitué et c'est précisément parce que cette nation a eu de la consistance qu'elle reste encore un enjeu aujourd'hui. Depuis la réunification un nouveau système politique et économique, celui de la RFA, est plaqué sur l'ex-RDA. C'est pourquoi certains emploient le vocabulaire de la « colonisation » pour analyser les années 1990. D'après Nicolas Offenstadt, ce qui a contribué aux succès de l'extrême droite dans les Länder de l'Est, ce sont les humiliations, le chômage, le sentiment de dévaluation... L'opposition Est-Ouest s'est en fait en bonne partie construite après le tournant de la réunification.

Women's liberation and literature

After indicating one of the particular functions of literature in GDR (i. e. to point to socio-cultural problems of society, that emerge at a given period) the author explains the problematic of women's liberation in East Germany (equality of opportunities though in the statute-book and often a real fact (equal pay), has not, however, made male domination disappear from quite a number of sectors.
In recent years, a great number of writers (Christa Wolf, Gunter de Bruyn and many others) querry the causes of the persistence, in mal behaviour, of a number of prejudiced attitudes. The interviews with women published in Maxie Wander show the existence of a new type of women, fully independent and feeling totally equal to their male partners. These are some of the «feminism» in GDR, such as fiction puts them into focus.