Suchergebnisse

Examines implications of Berber demands in North African states, internationalization of the Berber question, and radicalization of the Berber movement in Algeria's Kabylia region; 1980s-2001. Summary in English p. 210.

This paper aims to question of the relationship between the phenomenon of "Islamic radicalization" supposed to be a breeding ground for terrorism and the concept of territoriality that suggests the occupation of spaces like prisons by the actors suspected to be associated with these phenomena.

Using a prosopography based on uncontrollable materials, most academic works on the phenomenon of suicide bombings tend to present a "martyr" who is hyper motivated to die. This contrasts with the life stories of former recruits from a Pakistani jihadi militia, which show that individual motivations might be less a puzzle than the social mechanisms of self-sacrificial radicalization. Three types of mechanisms can then be identified: running away, betting on one's consistency and a quest for organizational framing. This emic approach is also applied to the causes of de-radicalization to suggest, from an "upside-down" perspective, that the act of self-sacrificial violence itself derives neither always from the primary socialization of the militant, nor necessarily from a will to die but, often, from collective techniques of creating consent and individual "absurd decisions". Adapted from the source document.

Examines wartime economies during low-intensity conflicts in former European or developing countries since 1945; theoretical approach. War in closed and open economies and role of military and humanitarian sanctuaries before 1989; changes in guerrilla and civil warfare since 1989, including internalization, forced migration, predation, criminalization, and radicalization.

Argues that the US Middle East policy contributed to Arab-Muslim radicalization, pan-Islamic nationalism, and Islamization of Intifada; view that Islamic fanaticism poses major threat but Europe fails to perceive it; discusses Jerusalem's symbolic role, the 2000 Camp David Summit, exodus of Christian Arabs, jihad, Hezbollah, Hamas, and other issues. Summaries in English and Spanish p. 453 and 467.

Clay Ramsay, The ideology of the Great Fear; the case of the Soissonais.
Clay Ramsay studies the discourse of revolts and the discourse on revolts. In Soissonais the Great Fear assumed the appearance of a conservative revolution in largely reproducing popular ideologies expressed during the Old Order. However, it also served as a starting point for a process of radicalization by allowing for a transition from a prepolitical mentality to a political mentality.

If the Islamist guerilla is in decline in Algeria, the same is not true about political Islamism, which is one of the most powerful way to challenge the current regime. Moreover the conditions that gave birth to Islamism are still present. Only a true democratization, that would integrate legal Islamism in a real political game, could contain its radicalization by giving it a place to contribute to political life in a constructive way, as Christian Democratic parties do in Europe. (Maghreb-Machrek/GIGA)

Explores Israel's post-Oslo radicalization, Ariel Sharon's nationalism, fight against terrorism, Yasir Arafat's lost international prestige, suicide bombings, and fractures within the Palestinian Authority; argues that to comply with US demands, Yasir Arafat has to distance himself from those who believe that a war of attrition is the only response to occupation and has to undertake democratic reforms. Abbreviated version published under the title "Proche Orient" in RAMSES 2003, Paris, Ifri/Dunod, 2002, indexed in PAIS International, 2002. Summary in English p. 827.

Argues that there is a difference between a representative government & a representative democracy that can be perceived through the notion of presence. Further, the claim of specific rights of representation formulated today in favor of marginalized groups does not signal a crisis of representative democracy but a radicalization of exigency of presence that is similar to claims made by workers of the 19th century. The issue here is to contest the idea that there is a rupture between "traditional" politics of ideas &/or interests, & new politics of identity. E. Sanchez