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"Das nachteilige schulische Abschneiden von Kindern aus türkischen Zuwandererfamilien wurde bislang vor allem für den Sekundarschulbereich untersucht, während die vorgelagerten Bildungsetappen nur vereinzelt betrachtet werden konnten. Die vorliegende Studie richtet sich auf den Grundschulbereich und geht der Frage nach den Prozessen der Entstehung früher ethnischer Bildungsungleichheiten nach. Ausgehend von einer allgemeinen Erklärung von Unterschieden in der Kompetenzentwicklung wird skizziert, welche Lernbedingungen in den Familien und im schulischen Umfeld je nach sozialer und ethnischer Herkunft anzutreffen sind und wie sich Unterschiede in diesen Bedingungen in den Leistungsmustern niederschlagen. Anschließend wird anhand von Daten der Schulleistungsstudie IGLU 2001 geprüft, inwieweit sich hierüber die ausgeprägten Leistungsnachteile türkischstämmiger Viertklässler gegenüber Kindern ohne Migrationshintergrund in den Bereichen Lesen und Mathematik aufklären lassen. Die Befunde der Mehrebenenanalysen zeigen, dass die bestehenden Unterschiede im Wesentlichen auf die sozialen Voraussetzungen und die Sprachpraxis in den Familien zurückzuführen sind. Die Leistungszusammensetzung der Schülerschaft in den Grundschulen trägt ebenfalls, wenn auch in geringem Ausmaß, zur Aufklärung der Disparitäten bei. Der Anteil deutscher Erstsprachler im schulischen Umfeld scheint keine besondere Rolle zu spielen. Beim Leseverständnis verbleiben auch nach Berücksichtigung einer Vielzahl bildungsrelevanter Merkmale Nachteile für Kinder aus türkischen Familien. Bei der mathematischen Kompetenz lassen sich diese dagegen vollständig aufklären." (Autorenreferat). Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 2001 bis 2001.;;;"The Turkish-German performance gap is well established for the German secondary school level, but has hardly been addressed for earlier stages in children's school careers. Against this background the study focuses on the German elementary school system and examines the processes that contribute to early ethnic educational inequalities. It starts with a general account on learning processes that is subsequently specified with a selection of arguments on the emergence of social and ethnic differences in competence acquisition. Using data of the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) from 2001 the multilevel analyses reveal that the various conditions associated with growing up in different socioeconomic contexts account for a substantial part of the initial disadvantages in reading and mathematics. German language use within the family further contributes to this pattern. Another important condition, though only of minor relevance for the performance gap, concerns the achievement composition of students within schools with a higher achievement level contributing to better test results. At the same time, children of Turkish origin do not profit additionally from learning in contexts in which German native speakers concentrate. After considering a whole range of relevant conditions, Turkish children still experience a considerable penalty in reading test scores, whereas for mathematics it is possible to fully account for initial disparities." (author's abstract).

"The present study examined predictions of increased learning effectiveness in the context of political education. In addition, the domain-specific selfconcept was examined. Analyses were based on the data of 502 students from German secondary schools. In the framework of the TEESAEC project, lessons employing WebQuest were compared with teacher-directed lessons in a total of 22 classes. TEESAEC was supported by the European Union from 2006 to 2009. Learning outcomes were assessed using a specially developed knowledge test, which was performed prior to and following the respective lesson series. Regression analyses provided no support for the study's hypothesis. Unexpectedly, learning with WebQuest did not lead to significantly greater learning gains. Various effects on prior knowledge and intra-individual changes in knowledge were found. While girls clearly benefited more from the lesson series than Boys, there was no substantial influence of sex on prior knowledge. Adolescents with a Turkish-migrant background performed considerably poorer, and those with a Southern European background somewhat poorer in the pre-test, than adolescents without a migrant background. Pupils may generally benefit from parents' cultural capital and too little from political education lessons. The domain-specific self-concept has significant effects on class level, interest in the subject, and media consumption. The results of the study suggest that motivation and subjective talent represent factors that are more important than the specific methods applied when it comes to lesson efficiency." (publisher's description)

"The present study examined predictions of increased learning effectiveness in the context of political education. In addition, the domain-specific selfconcept was examined. Analyses were based on the data of 502 students from German secondary schools. In the framework of the TEESAEC project, lessons employing WebQuest were compared with teacher-directed lessons in a total of 22 classes. TEESAEC was supported by the European Union from 2006 to 2009. Learning outcomes were assessed using a specially developed knowledge test, which was performed prior to and following the respective lesson series. Regression analyses provided no support for the study's hypothesis. Unexpectedly, learning with WebQuest did not lead to significantly greater learning gains. Various effects on prior knowledge and intra-individual changes in knowledge were found. While girls clearly benefited more from the lesson series than Boys, there was no substantial influence of sex on prior knowledge. Adolescents with a Turkish-migrant background performed considerably poorer, and those with a Southern European background somewhat poorer in the pre-test, than adolescents without a migrant background. Pupils may generally benefit from parents' cultural capital and too little from political education lessons. The domain-specific self-concept has significant effects on class level, interest in the subject, and media consumption. The results of the study suggest that motivation and subjective talent represent factors that are more important than the specific methods applied when it comes to lesson efficiency." (publisher's description).

"The mutual relations between Germany and the Czech Republic are under significant influence of Europeanization processes, which include a territorial and social convergence in the border areas an both the institutional and civil society level. In the long term, this process is geared towards the creation of a transnational community in the German-Czech border regions. A major source of change in the German-Czech relations represent primarily the effects of economic globalization. A direct consequence is the change of former potentials for conflict in the German-Czech relations towards a potential for cooperation. In this process economic cooperation serves as a pragmatic (and denationalizing) factor. This trend is reflected in the consciousness of the Czech society. In the broader context of social change, it is a source of positive change in the views and attitudes towards Germany." (author's abstract)

"During the communist era any debates on the expulsion of millions of Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia after the Second World War were tabooed. After the fall of Iron Curtain and break-up of Czechoslovakia the issue re-appeared in the Czech society. However, Czechs mostly strongly disagreed with claims for apology or even compensation raised by representatives of expelled Sudeten Germans. Among the Czechs it was difficult to call post-Second World War events as 'expulsion' and terms as 'transfer' were suggested. On to contrary, Czechs often argued that the post-war 'transfers' legalized by presidential decrees (often referred to as Bend decrees) have been anchored in both domestic and international law as they were subsequently approved not only by Czechoslovakian parliament but have been approved also by world powers at Potsdam conference. Any joint attempts of Czech-German groups of intellectuals aiming at mutual understanding had been constantly turned down by both politicians and society in the Czech Republic. The article will examine the Czech daily press in order to find out if and how the above revealed attitudes towards the expelled Sudeten Germans have changed within the Czech society during the period between 1995 and 2010." (author's abstract)

"Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene türkischer Herkunft auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt in besonderer Weise benachteiligt sind. Der Beitrag untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund, ob hierfür neben den formalen Bildungsqualifikationen weitere gesellschaftsspezifische Kapitalien verantwortlich sind. Während die assimilationistische Perspektive in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem einen Mangel an zentralen Ressourcen und Fertigkeiten des Aufnahmelandes vermutet, wird im populären Konzept der Segmented Assimilation betont, dass unter Umständen gerade die Pflege eigenethnischer Kapitalien und Orientierungen ein Rezept gegen den strukturellen Misserfolg bilde. Die beiden Grundpositionen und die verwandte multikulturalistische Perspektive werden in diesem Beitrag abgegrenzt und mit Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels überprüft. Danach sind für die Arbeitsmarktprobleme junger Türkinnen und Türken vor allem mangelnde Deutschkenntnisse und eine mangelnde Einbindung in Netzwerke der Aufnahmegesellschaft verantwortlich, während eigenethnische Kapitalien weder einen Ersatz darstellen noch einen zusätzlichen Nutzen versprechen. Die Bedingungen des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes scheinen also weitgehend den in der assimilationistischen Perspektive vermuteten zu entsprechen." (Autorenreferat). Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten.;;;"Many studies show that second generation Turks face specifically severe disadvantages in the German labour market. In this paper the author analyses whether, besides formal education, a lack of country-specific capital may account for this fact. While an assimilationist approach would regard several host-country specific resources and skills as necessary for labour market success, the popular concept of Segmented Assimilation argues that, in contrast, under certain conditions it is ethnic capital and orientations that may advance it. The paper delineates both positions as well as the related concept of multiculturalism and tests their empirical relevance using data from the German Socio-economic Panel (GSOEP). It turns out that the labour market problems of young Turks can be explained by a lack of German language proficiency and low access to German social networks, while ethnic capital neither compensates for host country specific capital nor promises any additional gain. The conditions of the German labour market thus seem to correspond largely to the assimilationist perspective." (author's abstract).

"This paper examines in which way the International Law, the German Federal Constitution, the Council of Europe and the EU promote territorial and interregional cooperation. The paper is organized into four sections. After a short introduction the second section raises the question which entities are authorized to conclude international treaties on cross-border cooperation from the point of view of International and German Constitutional Law. The third section looks at the Council of Europe and how the more than forty member states can promote cross-border cooperation by using framework agreements. The fourth section examines how Brussels interacts with the member states and the responsible institutions at the local level to achieve an enduring process in developing territorial and interregional cooperation. The paper discusses the pros and cons of the European grouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC)." (author's abstract)

Der Beitrag versucht folgende Frage zu klären: Ist die Globalisierung Ursache oder Wirkung bzw. Folge der betrieblichen Modernisierung. Diese Frage wird am Beispiel der deutschen Automobilindustrie, namentlich der Entwicklung der German Big Three - BMW, Mercedes-Benz und Volkswagen - diskutiert. Dabei wird die These vertreten, daß das Besondere der deutschen Automobilindustrie der neunziger Jahre - im Gegensatz zur deutschen Situation der 80er Jahre und zur Entwicklung der japanischen Automobilunternehmen - gerade in der wechselseitigen Verschränkung und Verstärkung von Globalisierung und Konzernmodernisierung liegt. Trotz der eindeutigen Entwicklung der Unternehmen zum Organisationstyp des "Transnationalen Konzerns" bleiben zentrale Funktionen (Forschung und Entwicklung, strategische Planung) und Personen (zentrale Führungskräfte) in nationale und lokale Stammhauskonfigurationen und -kulturen eingebunden. Die Studie bietet daher insgesamt kein Material für vereinheitlichende und vereinfachende Globalisierungsthesen. (pre)

Die Verfasser geben einen Überblick über den Forschungs- und Serviceschwerpunkt des ZA im Bereich der empirischen Wahlforschung. Der Datenbestand auf diesem Gebiet umfasst die Wahlstudien zu den Bundestagswahlen 1949 bis 1998, das German Election Data Project, das Politbarometer der Forschungsgruppe Wahlen, Studien zu den Europawahlen 1989 und 1994, Datenbestände des International Committee for Research into Elections and Representative Democracy (ICORE) und der Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES), eine Sammlung von Parteiprogrammen bis 1988 sowie Wahlstudien, die im Kontext anderer komparativer Studien durchgeführt wurden. Mit dem Continuity Guide der Deutschen Wahlstudien wurde der Weg von einer Sammlung von Einzelstudien zum Aufbau einer kohärenten Datenbasis beschritten, die inzwischen 30 Wahlstudien mit über 9000 Variablen umfasst. (ICE)

"This article reviews studies on wage inequality in the US and Germany from 1980 to 2000. Wage dispersion is supposed to increase in Western industrial countries because of a shift in the demand for more skilled workers. In fact, overall wage inequality increased in the US substantially up to 1995, with real wage loss for male workers at the bottom of the wage distribution. To understand the recent growth of wage inequality it is necessary to take into account both shifts in the demand for and in the supply of skilled workers as well as changes in wage setting institutions. During the time period the West German wage structure remained remarkably stable, while after unification wage dispersion increased in East Germany. There is no clear evidence that the high and increasing unemployment in West Germany is reciprocal to a stable wage dispersion. The stability at the top (where wage rigidities should be insignificant) is hardly to reconcile with a general shift in demand in industrialized countries. Perhaps social norms about acceptable wages for 'those at the top' play a significant role here." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

"Since 2008 the German Federal Government has opted for some critical industrial policy measures intended for lessening the effects of the global financial and economic crisis on German industries. The authors analyses some of these and contrast them to principles for a sound and sustainable industrial policy. So they take a closer look to bail-out-measures in banking, the 'cash-for-clunkers'-programme, the relaxation in state-aid-restrictions, the proposed subsidies to Opel (General-Motors) and measures that were taken to promote carbon-dioxide-neutral electricity generation (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz). The authors argue that short sighted industrial policy is erroneous and inefficient as it provokes windfall profits and distorted incentives for the firms in question. We would rather like to trust in competitive adaptation instead." (author's abstract)

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der beruflichen Entwicklung sowie den beruflichen und akademischen Leistungen und Erfolgen intellektuell Hochbegabter im Erwachsenenalter. Zunächst werden die Konzepte Berufserfolg und berufliche Leistung näher erläutert. Berufserfolg ist kein eindeutiges, klar abgegrenztes Konstrukt, sondern umfasst vielfältige subjektive und objektive Aspekte. In empirischen Studien werden vor allem bestimmte objektiv messbare Aspekte des Berufserfolgs erfasst. Verschiedene Faktoren, die berufliche Leistungen beeinflussen, werden diskutiert. Im Sinne der Theory of Work Adjustment (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984) werden im Weiteren dann die Faktoren Intelligenz und Berufsinteressen näher in den Blick genommen. Die in empirischen Studien festgestellten Zusammenhänge zwischen intellektuellen Fähigkeiten, beruflichen Interessen und beruflichen Leistungen werden dargestellt. Anschließend werden die Befunde groß angelegter amerikanischer und deutscher Längsschnittstudien mit hoch begabten Probanden berichtet. Insgesamt belegen diese Studien deutliche akademische und berufliche Erfolge der Hochbegabten und zeigen spezifische Interessenprofile Hochbegabter auf. Neuere Analysen von Lubinski et al. (2001) und Wai et al. (2005) im Rahmen der Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) konnten insbesondere zeigen, dass auch im sehr hohen Begabungsbereich unterschiedlich ausgeprägte intellektuelle Fähigkeiten noch einen Beitrag zur Vorhersage von akademischen und beruflichen Leistungen leisten können. (DIPF/Orig.).;;;This chapter deals with the vocational development and the vocational and academic achievements of intellectually gifted adults. At first, the concepts of vocational success and vocational achievements are explicated. Vocational success is not a clear, well-defined construct but instead comprises manifold subjective and objective aspects. Empirical studies mainly focus on the assessment of aspects of vocational success which can be measured objectively. Several factors which influence vocational achievements are being discussed. According to the Theory of Work Adjustment (Dawis & Lofquist, 1984), intelligence and vocational interests are looked at more closely. The relationships between intellectual abilities, vocational interests and vocational achievements found in empirical studies are outlined. Then the results of American and German large-scale longitudinal studies with gifted subjects are reported. Altogether, these studies evidence clear academic and vocational achievements of the gifted and show specific profiles of interests for the gifted. Recent analyses within the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) by Lubinski et al. (2001) and Wai et al. (2005) particularly revealed that also in the very high ability range, different intellectual abilities can contribute to the prediction of academic and vocational achievements. (DIPF/Orig.).

"Nuclear disasters and radiation accidents fuelled anti-nuclear activism worldwide. Yet their impacts on national energy policies vary considerably across countries. The German Government shut down half of the country's nuclear reactors immediately after the Fukushima disaster and plans to fully abandon nuclear power by 2022. Germany's exit from nuclear power has a long history which this chapter traces back to the mid-1970s. It is shown that the institutionalization of an exit-strategy within the party system and an all levels of government has been a prerequisite of the so called 'energy turn', for which Fukushima was only the trigger but not the cause. Applied to the Japanese case the German experience suggests that fundamental policy changes will be long in coming, despite surging protests and a widespread anti-nuclear sentiment following the Fukushima disaster." (author's abstract)

"The author discusses knowledge that is relevant to decision-making ('Decision-useful'), but which, for a variety of reasons, is still unknown, from the applied perspective of development cooperation. The recognition and elimination of blindspots, in the last decades, regularly triggered a series of paradigms shifts concerning development goals and measures. It is pointed out that in development cooperation, decisions often involve a high level of risk or uncertainty, and there are manifold reasons for this. Modern practices and tools, such as participatory and inclusive work minimize several blindspots. A key element of the German development agency's (GIZ) approach to learning and knowledge management is to produce a cultural change towards greater openness and flexibility. The unexpected and surprising must not be seen as a disaster or disturbance." (author's abstract)

Vor dem Hintergrund von Befunden der US-amerikanischen Debattenforschung und einer Diskussion um ihre Bedeutung in der bundesdeutschen Realität untersuchen die Verfasser, ob auch die TV- Debatte 2009 Effekte auf die politischen Einstellungen und Verhaltensabsichten der Fernsehzuschauer hatte. Zunächst werden dazu die Daten beschrieben, auf die sie sich bei den Analysen beziehen. Danach wird untersucht, wer aus Sicht der Befragten das TV-Duell gewonnen hat und inwieweit die Erwartungen, die die Probanden im Vorfeld der Debatte an die Kandidaten formuliert haben, dann mit den tatsächlich von ihnen wahrgenommenen Debattenleistungen übereinstimmten. Im Anschluss analysieren sie, ob die Fernsehdebatte einen Einfluss auf die Einstellung zu den Kanzlerkandidaten, den zentralen Wahlkampfthemen und die Wahlabsicht der Fernsehzuschauer hatte. Abschließend werden die zentralen Ergebnisse der Analyse zusammengefasst und einige Schlussfolgerungen aus den Befunden gezogen. Die Analysen basieren auf Experimentaldaten, die die Autoren im Rahmen der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten und in Kooperation mit der von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Wahlforschung (DGfW) durchgeführten German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) erhoben haben. (ICB2)