Suchergebnisse

This research aims to evaluate the developments in the recent history of the social studies course in Turkey (1998-2022) through the curricula. Since 1998, 2005, and 2018 social studies curricula and literature studies were used as data sources, the research conducted with the document analysis method. The data were evaluated by the thematic analysis method. At the end of the research, it was determined that the 1998 curriculum, which was first prepared with a behavioral approach, did not fully reflect the understanding of contemporary social studies. Secondly, the 2005 curriculum, which was prepared with a constructivist approach, emphasized individual identity instead of social identity, unlike the curricula prepared until that time. Furthermore, the 2005 curriculum brought many innovations such as learning strands, sub-disciplines, skills, concepts, values, activity recommendations, and assessment and evaluation elements that did not exist in previous curricula. Moreover, while sub-disciplines, skills, concepts, and activity recommendations were not included in the 2018 curriculum, some values were removed and some new values were added instead. Finally, it has been seen that the 2018 curriculum includes various competencies and literacy, unlike the 2005 curriculum. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the 2018 curriculum be updated in more detail to guide teachers.

Security Studies cover the security of referent objects, individuals, or states. Since the Second World War, the importance and depth of Security Studies have increased. In the post-cold war period, it was seen as a purely military field and was handled within the scope of the power policies of the states. In the post-Cold War period, it emerged as a multidimensional form. This research describes prominent approaches such as Realism, Liberalism, Peace, and Critical Security Studies and the most recent essential theories. The research underlines the three pillars of The Copenhagen School, which has contributed to the academic literature on securitization/desecuritization theory, regional security complex theory, and sectoral security approach in international security studies. In the securitization theory, any subject can be non-politicised, politicised, or elevated to a national security concern level. According to the Regional Security Complex pillar, standard points, security priorities, and security dynamics must coincide with establishing a region in the security realm. Lastly, the safety of human societies is affected by factors in five primary areas - military, political, economic, social, and environmental factors. The study concludes that the Copenhagen School occupies a significant position among security studies methodologies and offers a helpful framework for examining contemporary global security concerns.

The aim of this research is to reveal the bibliometric analysis of the published articles on collective memory. For this purpose, journal articles published in the Web of Science database were examined. In the Web of Science database, the keywords; collective memory" was searched in the categories of history, geography, and educational research. The study material is limited to 1986-2021 as the year, English as the publication language and SSCI, ESCI and A&HCI as indexes. The data obtained from the Web of Science database were analyzed with the bibliometrix package included in the RStudio program. Related to the subject of collective memory, annual production, the most relevant authors, the most relevant journals, the number of article productions in countries, the most frequently used sources, the most used keywords in the researches and the current trends in the articles on the subject of collective memory were determined in the journal articles. As a result of the research, it was identified that in recent years, when the articles written on the subject of social memory in history, geography and education researches have been increasing and diversifying, issues such as commemorative culture, space, violence, power and politics have created a trend towards this field. It was determined that the most relevant countries for the subject area were the USA, England, Israel, Germany and Canada. In the articles written on collective memory, it was determined that the most frequently used keywords of the researchers were history, politics, identity, memory, war, place, holocaust, and commemoration culture. It is thought that these results will give perspective to researchers who plan to conduct research in this field.

In recent years, Kurdish folklore has seen extensive research and significant progress in analysis and classification. However, despite the magnitude and abundance of Kurdish folklore, scientific studies on the definition, differentiation, and determination of literary boundaries in oral literature genres have been inadequate. The most problematic issue in studies on Kurdish folklore has been the identification of specific genres and what to call them. The narrative genres are especially prone to obfuscate definitive genres and literary boundaries. Narrative types are long Kurdish narratives: epos (epic), bayt (with metres), and narrative songs (storytelling). Although the narrative types are divided into plain verse, plain prose, and verse-prose, plain prose is not examined in this article the aim of which is to introduce narrative genres per se, determine their literary boundaries, and reveal their characteristics. For this, the forms of epos, bayt, and narrative songs are compared and their similarities and differences are determined in terms of content, shape, performer, motif, theme, geography, and cultural region.

Çevresel sorunların ve çevresel bozulmaların ozon tabakasının seyrelmesiyle beraber 1980'li yıllarda insan hayatını etkilemeye başlaması sonucunda çevre faktörü Soğuk Savaş'ın ardından başlayan güvenlik tartışmalarında yer edinmeye başlamıştır. Güvenlik kavramının genişletilmesi ve güvenlikleştirmeyle birlikte hızla küreselleşen dünyada çevre meselesi önemli bir güvenlik unsuru olarak görülmeye başlamıştır. Çevresel güvenlik kavramının güvenlik çalışmalarında ayrı bir alan olarak yer tutmasıyla birlikte çatışmaların, özellikle şiddetli ülke içi çatışmaların ardında yatan çevresel nedenler ihtiyaç ve kaynak temelli çatışmalar açsından çeşitli çalışma gruplarında irdelenmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, çevresel güvenliğin kavramsal gelişimine ışık tutarak Ruanda ve Burundi'nin tarihsel sürecini çevresel güvenlik kaygıları açısından değerlendirmekte ve bu analiz üzerinden ihtiyaç ve kaynak temelli çatışmalara dair çatışma çözümleme örnekleri sunmaktadır. ; The environmental factor started to take its place in security debates introduced right after the Cold War as environmental problems and environmental derogation start to have a negative effect on human life with the depletion of ozone layer in the 1980s. The environmental factor became an important security issue in a very globalizing world with the extension of security concept and securitization. Environmental causes underlying conflicts especially the violent internal ones started to be studied among different study groups in terms of needs-based and resource-based conflicts since the concept of environmental security was introduced as a separate field in security studies. This study highlights the conceptual development of environmental security and evaluates the historical context in Rwanda and Burundi in terms of environmental security concerns. It also offers conflict resolution samples for needs-based and resource based conflicts with this analysis.

Bu çalışma, geçmişten günümüze karşılaştırmalı edebiyat ve karşılaştırmalı (kültürel) çalışmalar alanında yapılan edebi çalışmalara odaklanarak, Türkçedeki karşılaştırmalı edebiyat çalışmalarının tarihsel ve eleştirel bir değerlendirmesini sunuyor. Türk akademisyenlerinin karşılaştırmalı edebiyata olan teorik ve uygulamalı yaklaşımlarının ne olduğu, karşılaştırmalı edebiyat disiplini ve yeni bir karşılaştırmalı (kültürel) edebiyat ışığında, nasıl bir karşılaştırmalı edebiyat algısı taşıdıkları da burada tartışılıyor. Diğer yandan, Türkiye"deki karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın durumu eksi ve artılarıyla, diğer ülkelerinkiyle karşılaştırılarak, karşılaştırmalı çalışmaların izi sürülüyor. Türkiye"de karşılaştırmalı edebiyat kürsülerinin kurulması 1990"lardan sonra mümkün olsa da geçmişi bin yıl öncesine dayanan karşılaştırmalı çalışmalar da gün ışığına çıkarılıyor ; This study presents a historical and critical evaluation of the studies of comparative literature in the Turkish, focusing on literary studies in the field of comparative literature and comparative (cultural) studies from the past to day. It is also discussed here what theoretical and practical approaches and perceptions of the Turkish academics related to comparative literature in a new comparative (cultural) literary light are. On the other hand, comparative studies are being observed comparing the situation of comparative literature in Turkey to the other countries? ones with minuses and pluses. Whereas, establishment of departments of Comparative literature in Turkey have been possible after the 1990s, comparative studies dating back a thousand years before the past are also brought to the light

تعتبر الدراسات الاستشراقية من الدراسات المهمة، والتي حظيت باهتمام كثير من الباحثين الغربيين، الذين اهتموا بتفاصيل الشرق، ومعرفة علومه، وتاريخه، ولغاته، وعاداته وتقاليده، حتى يتمكنوا من الغوص في أعماق الفكر الإسلامي، وبالتالي معرفة طريقة تفكير الأمة المسلمة، وهذا يساعدهم في السيطرة على الشرق واستعماره وفرض نفوذهم عليه، كما تنوع الباحثين في الدراسات الاستشراقية بين من درس الإسلام بتجرد تام وحاول إنصافه واتسمت دراسته بالموضوعية، وبين من تحامل على الإسلام وحقد عليه و قدم صورة غير موضوعية عنه فانحرف اق عن جادة البحث العلمي، وسيحاول البحث عرض نموذجين مختلفين من المستشرقين الغربيين مابين متحامل للحضارة ومنصف لها، ومناقشة رؤية كل منهما في نظرته للشرق.

This article investigates the life and works of the itinerant philosopher Abū Isḥāq al-Nayrīzī (died after 895/1489). It offers a critical edition and analysis of his Risāla fī taḥqīq ḥaqīqat al-ʿilm, which he presented to Sultan Mehmet II. Nayrīzī's work documents his travels to acquire knowledge, which took him from Shiraz to Istanbul, Istanbul to Tabriz, and Tabriz to Karabakh between 877/1472 and 895/1489. Throughout his travels, Nayrīzī studied in the most important political and scholarly centers of his age. Nayrīzī, however, is best known for his opposition to the famous theologian and philosopher Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawwānī (d. 908/1503). The analysis of this dispute not only uncovers new information about Nayrīzī's life, but also elucidates his scholarship. The disagreement between Nayrīzī and Dawwānī started with Dawwānī's reply to Nayrīzī's al-Risāla al-ḥarfiyya in Shiraz in 1472, written upon the request of Sultan Khalīl. After arriving in Istanbul from Shiraz, Nayrīzī presented at least two treatises to Sultan Mehmet II, in which he criticized famous scholars of the period, including Mollā Khusraw (d. 885/1480), Sinān Pasha (d. 891/1486), Hocazāde (d. 893/1488), Khaṭībzāde (d. 901/1495), and ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Fanārī (d. circa 903/1497). Nayrīzī's second dispute with Dawwānī took place in the presence of Sultan Yaʿqūb, when Nayrīzī returned to Tabriz from Istanbul. Nayrīzī was defeated in the debate and left to Karabakh. His third dispute with Dawwānī took place over Nayrīzī's al-Risāla al-qalamiyya, written in 1489 in Karabakh and dedicated to Sultan Bāyazīd II, which provides a personal and scholarly portrait of Dawwānī with a pen-oriented literary narrative. In response, Dawwānī portrays Nayrīzī in a similar way. In qalamiyya works, there are both bitter and sweet criticisms that go beyond philosophical critiques to include personal ones. Therefore, the double-layered literary and biographical content of the qalamiyya treatises provide new information regarding the scholarly atmosphere of the period.

The Islamic intellectual thought of the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries has long been represented as an intellectual "decadence" or "sclerosis," due to the discourse of orientalists. In recent decades, however, researchers have sought to challenge the orientalist paradigm by highlighting the scholarly currents and vigorous discussions that characterized the period in question. As a direct critique of the narratives of either "decline" or "ignorance" that persist in Islamic intellectual historiography, Naser Dumairieh's recent book attempts to reveal the situation of rational and theoretical sciences in the Hijāz by focusing on the life and work of al-Kūrānī, the seventeenth-century Shāfi'ī hadith scholar, Sufi, and theologian. Following the footsteps of Khaled el-Roauyheb's influential book Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century, Dumairieh not only examines al-Kūrānī's ideas, but also offers a comprehensive glimpse into the intellectual life in contemporary Hijāz.

In Turkey both the theoretical and practical several studies have been done in the context of the definition, nature and methods of comparative literature; however, most of the studies are far from understanding the comparative literature. It is a fact that the discipline comparative literature compares "what, how, why" has not been fully understand, and that the definitions, scopes and methods of comparative literature lead to confusions, misunderstandings, misperceptions or wrong approaches when literary studies in Turkish are reviewed. In this respect, this study deals with the present state of comparative literature studies at Turkish universities related to the theory, perception and application of comparative literature scholarship in Turkey and focuses on significant mistakes made in the theory and practice related to the comparative literature whose main function is to examine at least two different nations' literatures, interactions between literatures. ; Türkiye'de karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın tanımı, doğası ve yöntemleri bağlamında teorik ve pratik olarak çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır; ancak, çalışmaların çoğu karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bilimini anlamaktan uzaktır. Karşılaştırmalı edebiyat disiplinini, "neyi, nasıl, niçin" karşılaştırdığı tam olarak anlaşılamadığı ve karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın tanımları, kapsamları ve yöntemlerinin Türkçede yapılan edebiyat çalışmaları incelendiğinde karışıklığa, yanlış anlamalara ve algılamalara veya yanlış yaklaşımlara yol açtığı bir gerçektir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki üniversitelerde karşılaştırmalı edebiyat biliminin; kuram, algı ve uygulamasına yönelik karşılaştırmalı edebiyat çalışmalarının mevcut durumunu ele almakta ve temel işlevi en az iki farklı ulusun edebiyatını, edebiyatlar arasındaki etkileşimleri incelemek olan karşılaştırmalı edebiyatla ilgili kuramsal ve uygulamada yapılan belirgin hatalara odaklanmaktadır.

In this study, between 2015 and 2021, graduate thesis on religious education in Turkey was examined in terms of different variables such as genre, year, university, method and subject. In the research, the screening model was adopted and literature review and document examination methods were used. In this sense, the study is a holistic study. In the study, it was observed that there were 287 graduate studies registered in the National Thesis Center database of the Department of Publication and Documentation of the Turkish Higher Education Board. While 277 of these studies are registered in the Department of Religious Education, 10 are postgraduate studies on religious education, which are determined by selecting "education and training" subjects in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Sciences. 229 master's and 58 doctoral thesis studies were examined and evaluated in the frame. As a result of the research, "master's" according to the program type variable, "qualitative research" according to the method variable, "widespread religious education" according to the subject variable, "Marmara University" according to the university variable come to the forefront in graduate studies. However, in recent years, it has been seen that applied research approaches in terms of new subject orientations and methods have accelerated in graduate studies on religious education.

A recent surge in studies on high-level leader diplomacy has the potential to evolve into a fruitful research field. While the current literature predominantly focuses on the leader visits of two great powers, the U.S. and China, this emerging field requires both broadening and deepening in its scope. We lack data on leader visits from the vast majority of countries, and many existing hypotheses do not adequately explain the determinants in various cases. The more countries that are covered and the more refined our hypotheses become, the more insightful this field will be in understanding interactions among states and international organizations. This article aims to present the current state of the literature on leader visits and suggests potential areas of interest for future research.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia started to reverse the difficult experience it had in the international arena and domestically from the 2000s, and as a new foreign policy target, it sought to expand its sphere of influence, especially in certain regions. Within the framework of the multipolar world discourse, Russia has focused on the Eastern Mediterranean, whose strategic importance has increased with the discovery of new energy resources in recent years, to gain power in the international arena. Russia seized the opportunity to develop bilateral relations with the countries of the region effectively in the region in 2011 with Russia's intervention in the Syrian civil war. In conclusion, the aim of the study is to seek answers about the development of Russia's bilateral relations with the Eastern Mediterranean countries and the extent of the soft balancing policies used by Russia with the regional countries that aim to establish its own sphere of influence in the region.

Throughout the lifespan, while development is increasing fast day by day in infancy, there is an increasing slowdown in old ages. This is essentially one of the evident features of the life cycle. Individuals with normal development are expected to be physically and mentally at a parallel developmental rate. In cases of developmental delay or superiority in one of the processes, the identification process of the individual begins. Medical diagnosis and educational diagnosis are necessary in the developmental identification and evaluation of individuals. Many variables are evaluated together in identification. Speed is among the common variables studied in both medical and educational diagnostics. While speed provides clinical information based on reaction time in neural transmissions, it provides educational information in assessments based on mental performance. In this study, the studies related to speed are examined in the historical process and the prominent issues in line with the conceptual diversity encountered are emphasized. The literature review was carried out within the framework of the concepts related to speed and it was discussed based on the relevant research. As a result of the reviews, the studies were examined in two historical periods and examined in the context of the process in which they were associated with intelligence. Recent studies have revealed that the concept of processing speed has a wider usage and is close to the concepts of mental speed and cognitive speed. On the basis of studies about speed measurement, implications were presented to researchers in line with the characteristics of speed tests. In this context, it can be argued that this study is important for researchers and practitioners in terms of distinguishing conceptual differences related to measurement of mental performance speed.