Recent scholars have argued that feminism is the handmaiden of neoliberalism. This article suggests otherwise, offering a study of West German feminists in the 1980s. Responding to the advent of reproductive technologies, these feminists were pioneers in critically assessing the relationship between reproduction and neoliberalism. Radical feminists like Maria Mies argued that global capitalism allied with the state to coercively structure reproduction for its needs. For disability rights feminists like Theresia Degener, however, the state did not coerce; it produced citizens who willingly regulated their reproduction under a new eugenics from below. In analysing the marketisation of reproduction, German feminists developed a more sophisticated understanding of neoliberalism than critics today who simplistically theorise neoliberalism as the mere retraction of the state.
В статье анализируются подходы в новейшей германской историографии о месте и роли заключенного между Германией и СССР договора о ненападении 23 августа 1939 г. применительно к политизированным оценкам события в Польше, Балтии, России. Представлена обобщенная оценка пакта в послевоенной немецкой истории в сравнении с исторической традицией восточноевропейских стран. ; In the article the recent German historiography approaches to the place and role of the non-aggression pact concluded between Germany and the USSR on the 23 rd of August, 1939 are analyzed with regard to the politicized assessments of the event in Poland, Baltic States and Russia. The generalized assessment of the pact in the post-war German history is presented in comparison with the historical tradition of the East European countries.
The debate about TARGET2, the payment system of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), has resulted in controversial discussions in Germany in recent years. The present study by DIW Berlin concludes that fears often expressed in this context of the risks to Germany are largely unfounded. Germany is - in contrast to what is often claimed - one the beneficiaries of the Target system. In particular, the fact that in the course of the crisis, financial risks could easily be reduced thanks to TARGET2 was beneficial for both the German government and private investors. Since the outbreak of the crisis, German investors pulled almost 400 billion euros from the crisis countries and they continue to hold around 740 billion in assets there.
Co-determination & participation are normal usual principles in democracies. Until now this is not true for the military part of many societies. Even today there are military leaders who would prefer armed forces without any right of participation. This article comprises five chapters in which firstly the beginnings of co-determination in Germany are described. It is followed secondly by a historical review of participation in the German military before the situation of codetermination & participation in the Bundeswehr of today is analyzed. In a digression the normative requirements of German military leaders are discussed. The last chapter is about participation in other (European) armed forces. Finally the reader will find recent literature on the issue. 3 Tables, 39 References. Adapted from the source document.
We compare the convergence with German monetary policy of the monetary policy of transitioneconomy candidates for EU membership, of non-transition candidates and of countries that have recently joined the EU. We find significant long- and short-run linkages between German base money stock and that of the most recent members of the EU; the same holds true for the nontransition economy candidates. Among the transition economies, the ability to follow the policies of the Bundesbank is weaker or, for some countries, nonexistent. Such weak policy coordination may reflect the need for building up the financial sectors of these countries and allowing for a period in which they tie their policies more closely to that of the ECB.
Declining Influence, Declining Ambitions: Germany's Foreign Policy in the Twilight of the Kohi Era, by Hanns Maull Throughout the Helmut Kohi era, Germany's foreign policy was marked by continuity. Even after unification, Germany did not veer away from its traditional orientation, and it certainly did not become a traditional Great Power dominating Europe. On the contrary, Germany remained attached to its orientation towards multilateral cooperation and integration in the European Union, NATO and the OSCE. Contrary to a widely held belief outside Germany, Germany's foreign policy in recent years has been marked both by a certain erosion of German power and its purpose. Domestic economie and sectoral interests increasingly crept into German foreign policy, detracting from its cohesion and consistency.
The draconic character of German National Socialist legislation on political crime has been brought forcibly to public attention by the recent activity of the People's Court (Volksgericht), which was established last year for the purpose of assuring a more effective repression of treason and espionage. The subject is one of international concern, since the court has jurisdiction over aliens for acts committed abroad as well as upon German territory, and applies a law which is almost unparalleled at the present time in its severity and comprehensiveness. The safeguards commonly deemed essential to the protection of the accused are absent from the proceedings of the Volksgericht, which are secret as to indictment, investigation and trial.
Jew-hatred, Judeophobia, and anti-Judaism -- What is anti-semitism? -- Different types of antisemitism -- Eugenics, racism, and genocide -- Anti-semitism, eugenics, and racism -- "Scientific" anti-semitism -- Xenophobia, nationalism, and anti-semitism -- Some aspects of the history of anti-semitism -- Human child sacrifice and anti-semitism -- Anti-semitism in antiquity -- Christianity and anti-semitism -- Medieval anti-Judaism -- Modern Judeophobia -- Martin Luther, the German Reformation, and the Jews -- Modern and contemporary anti-semitism -- The beginning of the twentieth century -- A collective psychosis? -- Jewish self-hatred -- Zionism and anti-semitism -- Fighting anti-semitism : Zionists and anti-Zionists -- Arab and Muslim anti-semitism -- Sigmund Freud and anti-semitism -- Psychoanalysis and anti-semitism -- Criticizing and expanding Freud's ideas -- Unconscious aspects of anti-semitism -- Evil : psychoanalytic perspectives -- Evil, racism, and anti-semitism -- The Jew's body -- The inability to mourn -- Individual and collective anti-semitism -- The individual, the family, and anti-semitism -- Collective psychological processes -- "Psychological" anti-semitism -- The case of John Jay Ray -- "Not an antisemitic bone in my body" -- "Evolutionary" anti-semitism -- Japanese anti-semitism : Judeophobia without Jews -- "Psychoanalytic" anti-semitism -- The case of Carl Gustav Jung -- The case of Masud Khan -- The case of Annemarie Dührssen -- The case of Jacqueline Rose -- A "ferocious silence"? -- Abusing psychohistory -- Anti-semitism and "the Jewish science" -- Nazi anti-semitism and the Holocaust -- A "German-Jewish symbiosis"? -- The language of the Third Reich -- "Ordinary men" and "eliminatory anti-semitism" -- Psychoanalytic studies of Nazism -- Heinrich Himmler : bureaucratized mass murder -- Were the Nazi murderers "normal"? -- Holocaust disguised as "historical revision" -- Holocaust denial and "historical revision" -- The Garaudy affair -- Jewish scholars and the Holocaust -- The Hannah Arendt controversy -- Zygmunt Bauman : personal history and Nazism -- Contemporary anti-semitism -- Recent psychoanalytic studies -- Mastering the past? -- Modern French anti-semitism -- Holocaust survivors : "Jean Améry," Simon Wiesenthal, Leon Wieslicer -- Related issues -- Jews, women, and homosexuals -- American anti-semitism -- Literature and anti-semitism
AIMS. Provision and need for mental health services among military personnel are a major concern across nations. Two recent comparisons suggest higher rates of mental disorders in US and UK military personnel compared with civilians. However, these findings may not apply to other nations. Previous studies have focused on the overall effects of military service rather than the separate effects of military service and deployment. This study compared German military personnel with and without a history of deployment to sociodemographically matched civilians regarding prevalence and severity of 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders. METHOD. 1439 deployed soldiers (DS), 779 never deployed soldiers (NS) and 1023 civilians were assessed with an adapted version of the Munich Composite International Diagnostic interview across the same timeframe. Data were weighted using propensity score methodology to assure comparability of the three samples. RESULTS. Compared with adjusted civilians, the prevalence of any 12-month disorder was lower in NS (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.99) and did not differ in DS. Significant differences between military personnel and civilians regarding prevalence and severity of individual diagnoses were only apparent for alcohol (DS: OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.6; NS: OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.6) and nicotine dependence (DS: OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.6; NS: OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7) with lower values in both military samples. Elevated rates of panic/agoraphobia (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.3) and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3–8.0) were observed in DS with high combat exposure compared with civilians. CONCLUSIONS. Rates and severity of mental disorders in the German military are comparable with civilians for internalising and lower for substance use disorders. A higher risk of some disorders is reduced to DS with high combat exposure. This finding has implications for mental health service provision and the need for targeted interventions. Differences to previous US and UK studies that suggest an overall ...
Scientific societies or associations are quite an under-researched issue. Science studies have historically paid much more attention to nonformalised collectives in science: the "republic of science" of Polanyi (1962), the "scientific community" of Hagstrom (1965) and Merton (1973), the "invisible colleges" of Crane (1972), the "scientific field" of Bourdieu (1975), or the "transepistemic arenas" of Knorr-Cetina (1982). Theories of the Mode 2 production of knowledge (Gibbons et al. 1995; Nowotny, Scott and Gibbons 2001) postulate that in contemporary science there is a wider array of institutions taking part in the construction of scientific knowledge, but scientific associations are barely mentioned. Recent literature has devoted considerable attention to the "triple helix" formed by universities, government and industry (Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz 1996; Shinn 2002), but leaving out all other actors involved in science. Most of the existing literature on scientific associations focuses mainly on the historical dimension of scientific societies, such as their role in the birth of modern science (see Merton 1938 or Shapin 1996, for instance) or the genealogy of individual institutions, such as the Royal Society (Hunter 1989). Just a few noteworthy exceptions can be found: for instance, an indepth case study of the Society of German Chemists authored by Rilling (1986), Schimank's (1988) survey of German scientific associations, the studies on the development of international scientific associations by Shofer (1999, 2003). Some published research also deals with particular aspects of scientific associations' activities, such as publishing (Levitan 1979), policy advice (Teich 2002), ethical regulation (Levine and Iutcovich 2003), award giving (Crosland and Galvez 1989), public understanding of science (Rogers 1981), or membership profiles (Mackie 2000). And yet, scientific societies in Europe seem to be gaining momentum both in individual countries (see, for instance, Guinovart 2009 on the Spanish Federation of ...
The German government introduced in 2005 a fundamental labor market reform, which emphasizes the activation of unemployed welfare recipients. A variety of active labor market policies (ALMPs) should help the unemployed find a job or increase their employability. One important activation program is the comparably short and inexpensive short-term training. This dissertation consists of four articles and investigates the individual employment effects of short-term training for German welfare recipients directly after the introduction of the basic income support for jobseekers in spring 2005. In addition, it shows which firms apply short-term training or one-euro-jobs in order to give further explanations for the differing effects of both schemes in recent micro-evaluation studies. The analyses are based on administrative and establishment panel data. Methods imply uni- and bivariate probit models and statistical matching. The dissertation analyzes the program effectiveness in terms of participants' labor market outcomes and emphasizes the issue of effect heterogeneity. The articles consider the effects for different groups of participants, different program types and designs. The fourth article takes a different point of view than the other chapters and studies the determinants of firms applying short in-firm training as opposed to one-euro-jobs. The results suggest that classroom training in general has small positive effects on the regular employment probability of participants. Moreover, we find that the program tends to be less effective for young unemployed persons under 25 years, and more effective for long-term unemployed persons. Concerning program heterogeneity, in-firm training shows higher effects than classroom training; classroom skill training is more effective than other classroom training types. Application training is rather ineffective, either carried out as a course or as short individual counseling. The fourth article focuses on the firm side and shows that predominantly firms with good economic ...
Against the Flow: Impassive Modernism in Arabic and Hebrew Literatures elaborates two interventions in contemporary studies of Middle Eastern Literatures, Global Modernisms, and Comparative Literature: First, the dissertation elaborates a comparative framework to read twentieth century Arabic and Hebrew literatures side by side and in conversation, as two literary cultures sharing, beyond a contemporary reality of enmity and separation, a narrative of transition to modernity. The works analyzed in the dissertation, hailing from Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, and Tunisia, emerge against the Hebrew and Arabic cultural and national renaissance movements, and the establishment of modern independent states in the Middle East. The dissertation stages encounters between Arabic and Hebrew literary works, exploring the parallel literary forms they develop in response to shared temporal narratives of a modernity outlined elsewhere and already, and in negotiation with Orientalist legacies.Secondly, the dissertation develops a generic-formal framework to address the proliferation of static and decadent texts emerging in a cultural landscape of national revival and its aftermaths, which I name impassive modernism. Viewed against modernism's emphatic features, impassive modernism is characterized by affective and formal investment in stasis, immobility, or immutability: suspension in space or time and a desire for nonproductivity. The impassive literary forms unearthed in the dissertation propose a host of metaphors for an alternative politics grounded in passivity rather than activism, and in weakness rather than force.Chapter One, "There Is No Event Whose Mark Has Not Gone before It," explores the difficulties of the Arabic or the Hebrew text to be read as modern. I demonstrate how Arabic writer Mahmud al-Masʿadi and Hebrew writer S. Y. Agnon stage encounters between Orientalist and literary modes of readings in their mock-classicist texts, and envision a timeless, universal literary realm in which literary periodization plays no role. Chapter Two, "Scratching at the Surface: Predicaments of Settlement and the Poetics of Disgust," concerns the politics of settlement in the novel al-Jabal (The Mountain) by Egyptian Fathi Ghanem and in the story "ʿAtzabim" (Nerves) and the novel Shkhol ve-khishalon (Breakdown and Bereavement) by Hebrew writer Yosef H. Brenner. It identifies an impassive mode of settlement in the works of both authors, embodied in the gesture of scratching, and countering models of productive settlement within a national context. Chapter Three, "State Time: Gendered Genres of the Everyday in Sonallah Ibrahim and Yishayahu Koren," identifies an anti-evental aesthetic in the work of both authors, which dismantles literary and historical logics of liberation and radical rupture. Chapter Four, "Impassivity: Resistance to Analysis in Post-Oslo Palestine" examines two impassive genres developed in the works of Palestinian filmmaker Elia Suleiman and writer Adania Shibli in relation to crisis ordinariness: the boring joke and the frustrating snapshot.
In response to increased international policy attention to youth unemployment this study investigates post-secondary school transitions of school leavers. Multinomial logit models are estimated for male and female German youth. The models control for individual, parent, and household characteristics, for those of the youth's region of residence and local labor markets. The findings suggest that immigrant youth has particularly low participation rates in continued education, and that youth unemployment is centered in high unemployment states and metropolitan areas. Recent changes in academic benefit policies do not seem to be correlated with changes in academic enrollment, whereas men's transitions to the military do reflect recent changes in defense policies.
The essays in this book weave together insights and arguments from such diverse traditions as German critical theory, French philosophy and social theory, and recent Anglo-American moral and political theory, offering a unique approach to the political and theoretical consequences of the modernism/postmodernism discussion. Through an analysis of central themes in classical Marxism and early critical theory, the author shows how recent work in a variety of traditions converges on the need to question familiar distinctions between material production and culture, the public and the private, and the political and the social, and to reconsider the conceptions of agency and power that have informed them
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A key argument in recent theorizing on the drivers of bureaucratic behaviour is that agencies seek to establish and maintain a unique reputation. While recent years have witnessed substantial empirical support for this claim, the field lacks comparative examinations of the dynamics of reputation and its management throughout crisis periods. This article draws on a systematic media content analysis to explore the exposure and communication responses of the German, Belgian and Danish financial regulators to reputational threats before, during, and after the financial crisis. Our results point at the dynamic and context-sensitive nature of reputation management.
