Suchergebnisse

A vast body of past research on correctional risk assessment instruments supports their validity in predicting measures of recidivism across diverse offender population samples. Despite similarities in the risk factors for victimization and offending, little is known about whether the generalizability of these actuarial tools can be extended beyond recidivism to predict victimization measures as well. Utilizing a sample of approximately 1,900 recently released male and female prisoners, this study examined whether measures of risk drawn from the Level of Service Inventory–Revised: Screening Version (LSI-R:SV) could predict one's risk of victimization. Analyses provide evidence that the risk scores and levels were significantly related to both recidivism and victimization. Policy and prevention implications for correctional assessment and offender treatment are discussed.

Risk assessment and treatment for sexual offenders should focus on individual characteristics associated with recidivism risk. Although it is possible to conduct risk assessments based purely on empirical correlates, the most useful evaluations also explain the source of the risk. In this review, the authors propose that the basic requirements for a psychologically meaningful risk factor are (a) a plausible rationale that the factor is a cause of sexual offending and (b) strong evidence that it predicts sexual recidivism. Based on the second of these criteria, the authors categorize potential risk factors according to the strength of the evidence for their relationship with offending. The most strongly supported variables should be emphasized in both assessment and treatment of sexual offenders. Further research is required, however, to establish causal connections between these variables and recidivism and to examine the extent to which changes in these factors leads to reductions in recidivism potential.

This study addresses the longstanding and contentious debate on the merits of transferring cases from juvenile to adult court with the expectation of more certain, severe, or effective punishment. It compares the severity, certainty and celerity of sanctions for N=800 15‐ and 16‐year‐old adolescents charged with robbery and burglary in juvenile court in New Jersey with identical offenders in matched communities in New York State whose cases are adjudicated in criminal court, and determines the effectiveness of these sanctions in reducing recidivism and reincarceration. Results showed that incarceration rates were higher for adolescents sentenced in the criminal court, but sentence lengths were comparable. However, recidivism rates were significantly lower for adolescents sentenced in the juvenile court, regardless of sentence type or severity. The results suggest that efforts to criminalize adolescent offending may not produce the desired results and may in fact be counterproductive. There is no support for legislative efforts to eliminate the special jurisprudence for adolescent crimes or the separate jurisdiction for juvenile offenders.

This article develops a Bayesian approach for estimating panel quantile regression with binary outcomes in the presence of correlated random effects. We construct a working likelihood using an asymmetric Laplace (AL) error distribution and combine it with suitable prior distributions to obtain the complete joint posterior distribution. For posterior inference, we propose two Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms but prefer the algorithm that exploits the blocking procedure to produce lower autocorrelation in the MCMC draws. We also explain how to use the MCMC draws to calculate the marginal effects, relative risk and odds ratio. The performance of our preferred algorithm is demonstrated in multiple simulation studies and shown to perform extremely well. Furthermore, we implement the proposed framework to study crime recidivism in Quebec, a Canadian Province, using a novel data from the administrative correctional files. Our results suggest that the recently implemented "tough-on-crime" policy of the Canadian government has been largely successful in reducing the probability of repeat offenses in the post-policy period. Besides, our results support existing findings on crime recidivism and offer new insights at various quantiles.

A growing body of evidence shows that electronically monitoring offenders is effective for reducing the costs of overcrowded prisons. However, the effectiveness of electronic monitoring technology to reduce recidivism is poorly understood. The aim of this investigation is to assess the relationships between recidivism rates and electronically monitoring offenders using a secondary data analysis. The analysis conducted and was aimed to answer the following questions: Is there any relation between electronic monitoring devices and reducing recidivism rates among offenders? Is there any relation between technological advances of electronic monitoring on recidivism? Are the technological advances of electronic monitoring devices a form of disruptive innovation in government? Aggregate data sets from the Florida Department of Corrections Bureau of Research and Data Analysis Community Supervision section were used to generate quantitative data to analyze the associations between recidivism rates and electronically monitoring offenders from 2005 through 2007. With aggregate data, associations can be measured among groups of offenders sentenced with and without electronic monitoring and comparing other group information on a risk factor with the recidivism rate as an outcome. As a result, the outcomes of this research showed: a. That electronically monitoring offenders does not significantly reduce recidivism and b. Electronic monitoring technology is an example of disruptive innovation in government.A growing body of evidence shows that electronically monitoring offenders is effective for reducing the costs of overcrowded prisons. However, the effectiveness of electronic monitoring technology to reduce recidivism is poorly understood. The aim of this investigation is to assess the relationships between recidivism rates and electronically monitoring offenders using a secondary data analysis. The analysis conducted and was aimed to answer the following questions: Is there any relation between electronic monitoring devices and reducing recidivism rates among offenders? Is there any relation between technological advances of electronic monitoring on recidivism? Are the technological advances of electronic monitoring devices a form of disruptive innovation in government? Aggregate data sets from the Florida Department of Corrections Bureau of Research and Data Analysis Community Supervision section were used to generate quantitative data to analyze the associations between recidivism rates and electronically monitoring offenders from 2005 through 2007. With aggregate data, associations can be measured among groups of offenders sentenced with and without electronic monitoring and comparing other group information on a risk factor with the recidivism rate as an outcome. As a result, the outcomes of this research showed: a. That electronically monitoring offenders does not significantly reduce recidivism and b. Electronic monitoring technology is an example of disruptive innovation in government.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Public Archaeology on 30th January 2018, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2017.1411142 ; Claims that public and community archaeology can help 'change lives' have recently come under criticism. Challenging these critiques, this article explores how archaeology can be socially beneficial in the rehabilitation of offenders. Using a case study from South Wales, the article demonstrates how a prison-based outreach project can offer an innovative trajectory for public archaeology, highlighting the links between archaeology and political agendas. The article challenges the concept of 'archaeologist-as-social-worker' and considers the successes and limitations of such an approach, including the challenges of measuring impact. Ultimately, it demonstrates that archaeology-based activities can provide positive life experiences for offenders but only through a successful partnership between heritage and offender management specialists, as part of a wider programme of support and intervention.

This study investigated factors affecting the return to Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) programs by former participants who left welfare unemployed. Event history analysis was applied to the longitudinal data extracted from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 1996 panel. The results demonstrate a rate of return to TANF of between 20% and 36% for the final sample. They further suggest that sanctioning recipients for noncompliance with work requirements contributes to eventual dependency on TANF among former recipients. Results also show that the promotion of marriage in reformed welfare policy may help former recipients remain independent of welfare (and even free of poverty). Implications for policy were discussed.