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"Recognition is one of the most debated concepts in contemporary social and political thought. Its proponents, such as Axel Honneth, hold that to be recognized by others is a basic human need that is central to forming an identity, and the denial of recognition deprives individuals and communities of something essential for their flourishing. Yet critics including Judith Butler have questioned whether recognition is implicated in structures of domination, arguing that the desire to be recognized can motivative individuals to accept their assigned place in the social order by conforming to oppressive norms or obeying repressive institutions. Is there a way to break this impasse? Recognition and Ambivalence brings together leading scholars in social and political philosophy to develop new perspectives on recognition and its role in social life. It begins with a debate between Honneth and Butler, the first sustained engagement between these two major thinkers on this subject. Contributions from both proponents and critics of theories of recognition further reflect upon and clarify the problems and challenges involved in theorizing the concept and its normative desirability. Together, they explore different routes toward a critical theory of recognition, departing from wholly positive or negative views to ask whether it is an essentially ambivalent phenomenon. Featuring original, systematic work in the philosophy of recognition, this book also provides a useful orientation to the key debates on this important topic"--

Abstract
"Who are you?" This request for narrative in the testimony of refugees poses the problem of how refugees can define their identity. This determination is the result of a process influenced by external input, where media representations play a central role. This article aims to reflect on the relationship between the process of the recognition of refugees and the act of narration, based on the conceptual bridge between Paul Ricoeur's theoretical thought and Amartya Sen's capability approach.

Abstract
"Who are you?" This request for narrative in the testimony of refugees poses the problem of how refugees can define their identity. This determination is the result of a process influenced by external input, where media representations play a central role. This article aims to reflect on the relationship between the process of the recognition of refugees and the act of narration, based on the conceptual bridge between Paul Ricoeur's theoretical thought and Amartya Sen's capability approach.

Books reviewed: Bound by Recognition. By Patchen Markell. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. 2003. 320 pp.


Reviewed by Sophia Jane Mihic


Northeastern Illinois University

The problem of recognition of states and governments has neither in theory nor in practice been solved satisfactorily. Hardly any other question is more controversial, or leads in the practice of states to such paradoxical situations.The reason for this lies in the fact that the term recognition points to twoentirely different acts, not clearly separated either in theory or in practice. A codificationof the norms of general (common) international law concerning recognition must above all furnish a clear distinction between the two functions known as recognition.

Australia's and New Zealand's mutual recognition schemes are unique in the world by their extensive scope and coverage. They make it easier to do business across borders and give consumers a wider and more competitive range of goods and services. This report was released on 25 September 2015 and assesses the coverage, efficiency and effectiveness of the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) and Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement (TTMRA). It also recommends ways to further improve interjurisdictional movement of goods and skilled workers, and reduce red tape, including examining the scope for establishing automatic mutual recognition for registered occupations. It addresses matters identified by the Cross-Jurisdictional Review Forum (CJRF), including requirements for the use of goods and business registration (the CJRF is an interjurisdictional committee of officials that oversees the MRA and TTMRA). Key points The Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) and Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement (TTMRA) are generally working well. However, the benefit of the schemes risks slowly being eroded due to regulators not always implementing mutual recognition as required, weak oversight, and an increase in the number of goods and related laws permanently kept outside the scope of the schemes. There are specific concerns with the operation of mutual recognition of occupations, such as 'shopping and hopping' and background checks. These issues have the potential to weaken the community's and regulators' trust in the schemes and undermine their legitimacy. This review has therefore focused on improving governance arrangements, potentially expanding coverage, and addressing irritants to the smooth operation of the schemes. The Commission proposes to reform the governance arrangements by: strengthening the cross-jurisdictional group of officials that oversees the schemes, including by giving it more specific outputs, timeframes and reporting requirements improving the accountability of regulators in individual ...

Toleration as Recognition, Anna Elisabetta Galeotti, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. viii, 242In Toleration as Recognition Anna Elisabetta Galeotti offers
up a sympathetic critique of liberal toleration and suggests a
modification to the theory that she believes necessary in order to bring
cultural minorities into the public sphere as equal citizens. This
carefully argued book marks a timely contribution to the debate over group
rights and multiculturalism.

The prolonged interval during which the United States declined to recognize the government functioning in Mexico, and the still more protracted period during which recognition has been withheld from the de facto government in Russia, have produced some unusually interesting problems with respect to the appropriate judicial attitude toward an unrecognized de facto foreign government. In Mexico the recognized Carranza regime was overthrown by revolution in the spring of 1920, and General Obregon was inaugurated president on the first of December in the same year, yet it was not until August 31, 1923, that the Obregon Government received recognition from the United States. In Russia the recognized Provisional Government of Kerensky fell before the onslaughts of the Bolsheviki in December, 1917, and the Soviet Government established by the Bolsheviki soon acquired virtually undisputed control of most of the old empire, yet the Soviet règime remains unrecognized by the United States even at the present day. During intervals thus abnormally prolonged it has become increasingly difficult for the courts to resolve the cases which arise by applying the simple arbitrary formula that all matters of recognition are for the political departments to decide. More and more it has become evident that cases may arise in which the courts, without deprecating in any way the general principle which the formula is conceived to express, may be justified in taking account in some degree of de facto foreign governments from which recognition has been withheld. It is proposed to consider here only the more recent English and American cases. The cases considered may be grouped under three heads.

Business leaders today are faced with the challenges associated with employee engagement, recruitment, and retaining top talent. One answer that has emerged to address these challenges has been employee recognition programs. Although research has pointed to the numerous benifits associated with recognition programs, many organizations still struggle to create and deliver effective recognition programs. Many of these programs fail due to the lack of structure enabling employees to recognize each other, difficulty selecting individuals to recognize, lack of clarity concerning program objectives, and company cultures that do not support recognition. This article looks at utilizing Bolman and Deal's four frame model (including structural, human resources, political, and symbolic) to provide leaders with a better understanding of recognition programs and guidance regarding changes a program can undergo to more accurately match the organizational landscape.