Suchergebnisse

The following draft of the Code aims to regulate investment processes in the field of local planning and spatial development (urban planning) as well as in the field of architecture and construction.

The present volume aims at exploring the overall patterns of linguistic regionalism throughout Eastern Europe, casting also a comparative glance beyond this specific cultural setting into neighboring Western European regions. A wide array of aspects related to regional language designs are addressed, such as: linguistic rights, conflicting conceptualisations of linguistic regionalism, the role of the internet in identity modelling, the role of linguistics in language planning and research, etc. The volume is also designed to approach linguistic regionalism on a general theoretical level giving a critical assessment of Aleksandr Dulichenko's microlanguage paradigm. Case studies of individual projects as well as reports by regional language activist will provide the reader with glimpses of how regional language designs are set up and elaborated.

This publication contains the results of the research companies and expert analysis on the impact of cross-border cooperation on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises, thereby strengthening development processes in the peripheral regions. The research was conducted within the framework of the project "Development of cross-border economic co-operation subregion Bialystok-Suwalki and Grodno region of Belarus and subregion Przemysl and Krosno with Transcarpathian Oblast in Ukraine" co-financed by the European Union under the Cross-Border Cooperation Programme Poland-Belarus-Ukraine 2007-2013. Bialystok Personnel Training Foundation implemented the project in cooperation with a partner from Belarus State University in Grodno and partner of Ukraine, Foundation for the Development of Cross-Border Cooperation of Uzhhorod.

The article aims to determine the influence of administrative courts' jurisprudence on planning practice in the field of spatial order protection. This impact was verified from the perspective of two key, practical (used by courts, local government units, participants in the space game), and legal information systems: LEX and Legalis. The jurisprudence theses contained in the systems mentioned above constitute the basis for the judgments and formulation of arguments expressed in subsequent cases. Two key provisions were selected, important from the perspective of the protection of spatial order and the scope of property rights in the spatial management system: Art. 2, point 1, and Art. 6. The results show that in the examined systems, neutral judgments dominate. Nevertheless, the representation of decisions enabling the expansion of development possibilities is forceful. In this context, the key decisions seem to be more precise, defining the spatial order and directly indicating the superiority of the spatial order over the ownership right. Despite the lack of a clear legal basis, administrative courts should pay particular attention to this direction.

The lack of planning and disorder of Polish space results from the current political and legal as well as cultural determinants. The latter are strongly associated with deeply-rooted factors such as national identity and past, collective mentality. One can recognize them as long term factors. The aim of the article is to show how the series of various above-mentioned variables affect the shape of urban space including modern Warsaw and selected Scandinavian experiences as the context. The author also pays attention to two latest pieces of legislation - so called Urban Landscape Act (2015) as well as the lex developer case (2018) and analyses their influence on the national spatial policy system as well as - burdened by the past and certain cultural patterns - chaotic landscape of Polish cities.

This publication contains the results of the research of enterprises in subregion Bialystok-Suwalki and expert analysis on the possible use of cross-border cooperation to strengthen the competitiveness of companies and strengthen development processes in peripheral regions. Presentation of studies was preceded by the description of business contacts in subregion Bialystok-Suwalki.

The article aims to evaluate the process of creation and the content of urban development strategies of Polish cities in the context of the premises of the reform of the development management system in 2020 and recommendations from the literature. The evaluation focuses on two aspects: integration of socio-economic and spatial development planning, and the implementation scheme. The analysis covered four regional capitals that have adopted new strategies: Gorzów Wielkopolski, Łódź, Białystok, and Lublin. The research was pursued by reviewing strategies and interviewing individuals responsible for creating the strategy. The findings confirm that the goal of integration of socio-economic and spatial development planning has proved difficult to accomplish, and legislative changes have failed to overcome the dysfunction of development planning in Poland. Considering implemen-tation schemes, the approach to monitoring and evaluation was appreciated, while insti-tutional implementation systems raised some issues. The article offers some explanations of local governments' attitudes to strategic planning, highlights best practices and advice for development policies, and presents city representatives' views on legislative changes.

Współczesne spojrzenie na procesy rozwoju terytorialnego coraz silniej eksponuje sprawność otoczenia instytucjonalnego dla prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej oraz organizowania życia społeczności miejskich i regionalnych. W perspektywie tej upatruje się podstaw procesów ekonomicznych zarówno w instytucjach formalnych (np. przejrzystość i efektywność prawa, sprawność działania przedsiębiorstw i organizacji sektora publicznego), jak i pozaformalnych (takich jak czynniki kulturowe, poziom zaufania społecznego, sposób zorganizowania społeczności i społeczeństw). Pozwala to dostrzec, że w warunkach rosnącej mobilności kapitału, ludności, towarów i informacji pewne czynniki odpowiedzialne za rozwój gospodarczy wciąż pozostają "zlokalizowane", choć ich charakter bywa trudno uchwytny. Zjawisko terytorialnego zróżnicowania instytucjonalnych czynników rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego skłania do sięgnięcia po dorobek intelektualny ekonomii instytucjonalnej, w której podejmowane są liczne próby wyjaśniania przyczyn tych rozbieżności. Celem publikacji jest wskazanie możliwości zastosowań ekonomii instytucjonalnej – jako dynamicznie rozwijającej się gałęzi nauk ekonomicznych – w analizowaniu procesów rozwoju terytorialnego, przede wszystkim w kontekście relacji między instytucjami, bliskością i obecnym rozumieniem pojęcia "przestrzeń". ; Contemporary analyses of territorial development processes expose more and more often the impact of institutional environment on the economies, as well as on local and regional communities. This perspective takes into consideration both formal and informal institutions. It claims that such factors, as: transparency and efficiency of laws and regulations, efficient functioning of enterprises and public sector organizations, but also culture and the level of trust in the society, affect essentially the level of development, not only in national but also local and regional economies. What is more, in the conditions of growing mobility of capital, people, goods and information, certain institutional factors responsible for economic development are still localized, although their nature is sometimes elusive. This book aims at identification of the possible applications of institutional economics, in the analysis of territorial development processes, especially in the context of the relations between institutions, proximity, and the contemporary current understanding of the concept of "space". The review and classification of various strands of institutional economics in terms of their helpfulness for the study of territorial development processes, highlights the role of institutions as more and more important factor of economic development. The reasoning of this monograph allowed to conclude high usefulness of various fields of institutional economics in the study of local and regional development processes, as well as the possibility of treating them as complementary research approaches. However, one of the important conditions for use of the achievements of institutional economics in the study of the processes of territorial development is a combination of data, theoretical base, as well as research methods and researchers. As far as the local and regional development policy is concerned, this work makes it possible to form a thesis that the effectiveness of this policy depends on the awareness of the complexity of the process of institutional transformation. Furthermore, the modern territorial development is the result of the hybridization of formal and informal institutions, resulting from the search for their optimal combination of different institutional layers in various spaces. Among the addressees of the book, we can mention the representatives of economic science, geography, management, and social scientists engaged in the exploration of institutional factors responsible for the socio- -economic development at local and regional level. It can be also interesting for the specialists of land-use planning, urban and regional economics, local government managers and employees, as well as workers of central government agencies responsible for regional planning, urban policy and spatial policy. ; Publikacja finansowana ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach grantu "Współfinansowanie projektu międzynarodowego Funkcjonowanie lokalnych systemów produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (analiza porównawcza i benchmarking w wybranych krajach UE oraz krajach trzecich)". Nr umowy: 2529/7.PR/2012/2.

The subject of the article are some of the relationships and analogies between urban space shaping and public policy making in the broad sense, both on the city (here Warsaw as a case study) and general, nationwide scale. It seems reasonable to claim that the state of public space in the physical sense to a large extent depends on the dominating concept and the performance of public policy pursued at different levels. But, vice versa, as well, i.e. the latter is often the product or in some sense reflects the established patterns of attitudes towards public places available and generally attended to, e.g. in an urban environment.

There is a significant regulation concerning spa-towns and/or health resorts in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Slovakia. In federal states (i.e. in Austria and Germany), this regulation is adopted at the federal and länder (i.e. regional) level, yet the latter one is definitely more intensive. The spa-related regulation in each state considered is meant to provide public warranty as to the quality of natural features of spa-towns or health resorts. In the same time, this regulation sets significant constraints with regard to the choice of development patterns available to spas. The resulting opportunity cost can, however, be covered by price premia chargeable in spas and by special taxes levied only in spas. The tax income arising from them, however, is earmarked as it can be designated for improvements of spa-related features and functions of a given town or site. In the countries considered, there is no specifically designed subvention scheme which could be used only by spa-towns or health resorts.

The following debate took place on March 22, 2019 at the Warsaw School of Economics. The content of the Study on Spatial Chaos report provided the framework for the discussion. Its authors estimated the cost of spatial chaos at PLN 84.3 billion per year. They indicated the main mechanisms leading to the occurrence of this phenomenon.

The main aim of the article is to present several of the most important patterns of modernization of the urban space in Warsaw in the post-1989 period, with particular emphasis on the different ways of treating the objects typical of late modernism, also called socmodernism, in the Third Reich. The reflections refer to the four types of social change identified in the context of historical institutionalism: survival and return; reproduction by adaptation; gradual transformation; breakdown and replacement. The author for his part distinguishes four general and seven more specific modernization options and shows their different urban-architectural examples, being present in Warsaw public space.

The aim of this paper is to indicate how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may determine the key directions of urban spatial policy in Poland. Therefore, the following aspects have been analyzed: the guidelines arising from the medical point of view (in terms of health policy priorities) and the key theses of the international scientific discussion on changes in urban spatial policies. Based on the above analysis as well as on the indicated current possibilities of planning solutions in Poland, recommendations will be developed on the directional issues of urban spatial policy. The paper will determine to what extent individual postulates can be implemented in the Polish reality. Recommendations developed in this way will reflect a universal dimension - making it possible to refer to the majority of development and spatial documents of Polish cities (in particular development strategies and studies of spatial development conditions and directions). An important contribution of the paper will also be an attempt to take an interdisciplinary approach to the medical and urban planning perspective and translate it into concrete postulates.

Cohesion policy has a significant influence on the form of investments in cities. This refers, in particular, to states that participate in cohesion policy and those that do not have a significant own development policy. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibilities to support towns and cities and their functional areas in the 2021-2027 financial framework in the context of the previous approach of the European Union to the development of urban areas and solving their problems. It is worth noting that the Euro-pean Union has wide experience in this area, dating back to the URBAN Pilot Projects and URBAN initiatives. The author also analyses the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on the potential support for cities in the 2021-2027 perspective. The proposed conditions and instruments were also referred to the needs of towns and cities and the challenges that they are currently facing.