Suchergebnisse

As diretrizes do Decreto nº 7508, de 28 de junho de 2011, têm contribuído para ampliar a capacidade de governança dos pequenos municípios nas regiões de saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar potencialidades e entraves no processo do planejamento regional integrado na região de saúde 29, do Rio Grande do Sul. Consiste em um estudo de caso, realizado mediante informações provenientes de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações de campo e registros documentais, analisados pelo método de Análise de Conteúdo. Participaram do estudo gestores de saúde de cinco municípios e três servidores estaduais vinculados à 16ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, selecionados intencionalmente. Emergiram cinco categorias de análise: a Comissão Intergestores Regional (CIR) como espaço de articulação; o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde; a fragilidade da gestão; individualismo ao olhar o processo; e o que tem pautado as reuniões da CIR. Os resultados apontam que o processo de planejamento regional integrado tem avançado, no sentido da CIR constituir-se como um espaço de apoio mútuo entre a gestão municipal e estadual. No entanto, as decisões são tomadas com embasamento mais político do que técnico, com pouco monitoramento do acesso às ações e aos serviços de saúde, dificultando a capacidade de controle e negociação com os prestadores. Considera-se que a CIR necessita ser fortalecida e consolidada por meio da qualificação da gestão e da participação efetiva dos gestores municipais e estaduais de saúde, a fim de possibilitar a governança regional. ; The guidelines of Decree No. 7508 - June 28, 2011 - have contributed to enhance the capacity of governance of small municipalities in health regions. The objective of this study was to identify the potential and the obstacles in the process of integrated regional planning in health region 29, Rio Grande do Sul. This is a case study carried out through information from semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentary records, analyzed according to Content Analysis method. The study had participation of health managers of five municipalities and three state public servants linked to the 16th Regional Health Coordination, selected intentionally. Five categories of analysis emerged: the Regional Intermanagers Committee (CIR) as a space of coordination; the strengthening of the Brazilian Unified Health System; the weakness of the management; individualism in observing the process; and what has guided the meetings of the CIR. Results indicate that the integrated regional planning process has advanced, in the sense of CIR being constituted as a space of mutual support between the municipal and state management. However, decisions are made with more political than technical basis, with little monitoring of the access to health actions and health services, hindering the ability of control and negotiation in relation to service providers. It is considered that the CIR needs to be strengthened and consolidated through improvement of the management and through effective participation of state and municipal health managers in order to enable regional governance.

During recent decades Spain has undergone the effects of, first, a higt economic growth rate, then of a severe slump, this followed by its transformation into a State with autonomic communities. the whole then topped by her intergration within the European Economic Community. Each of these periods mark s a different phase for her regional planning. The abandoning of regional planning as such was due in part to the economic crisis, the rise of neo-liberalism, the hitherto poor showing of regional policies and these being pushed aside in their power to approve by other mechanisms. In Spain, furthermore, the haste of some to sweep up the last vestiges of Franco's decadent years must not be overlooked. Spain has of late joined in the movement towards refurbishing the values of regional planning. Having drawn up a multiplicity of regional planning schemes for each and every one of her Autonomic Communities, the Government has seen fit to pass in 1989 a long term territorial stratagy, founding this upon a typological classification of the nation's regions and basing itself on projects for which it will be able to count on funding from structuring sources within the EEC, particularly from the FEDER. The importance that is given to the establishing of infrastructures and equipping is here noteworthy in its drive to develop and articulate the whole, especially in the light of that role hitherto ascribed to regional incentives. ; Durante las últimas décadas España ha conocido sucesivamente altos ritmos de crecimiento económico, los efectos de una grave crisis, la transformación en un Estado autonómico y la integración en la Comunidad Europea. A cada una de estas etapas corresponde una diferente situación de la planificación regional. AI abandono de la planificación regional concurrieron la crisis económica, el auge del neoliberalismo, el escaso éxito de las políticas regionales emprendidas y la sustitución de su función legitimadora por otros instrumentos. En España influyeron, además, las prisas por borrar las imágenes que pudieran recordar el tardofranquismo. Recientemente España se ha incorporado al nuevo ciclo de recuperación de la planificación regional. Después de la elaboración de múltiples planes regionales por todas y cada una de las Comunidades Autónomas, el Gobierno ha aprobado en 1989 una estrategia territorial a largo plazo, partiendo de una clasificación tipológica de las regiones españolas y apoyándose en una acciones para las que contará con financiación de los Fondos Estructurales Comunitarios, particularmente del FEDER. Es significativa la importancia que se concede a la dotación de infraestructuras y equipamientos para promover el desarrollo y articular el territorio, frente al papel que en otro tiempo se quiso dar a los incentivos regionales.

A number of fundamental concerns have been raised over the recent abolition of regional economic and planning institutions processes and associated plans and strategies in England. In particular, questions have arisen over the strength and democratic accountability of the new arrangements emerging at a sub-regional scale—namely local enterprise partnerships (LEPs) that as yet have neither legal powers nor any formal planning role. Consequently, this article critically assesses the role, provenance and value of the abolished regional institutions together with the parallel criticisms. It also examines the potential for LEPs as their replacement and to develop into democratically accountable, locally self-determined strategic planning bodies.

The paper sets out to make a critical survey of the most recent attempts at urban and regional planning undertaken in the Argentine. In the light of the obvious failures, lacks and mistakes that these projects have demonstrated, the paper ends up by suggesting and alternative overall approach with which it could prove possible to overcome the most glaring deficiencies and so articulate transformational models for groundspace with the present socio-economic reality of the country. The paper holds as basic the idea that regional and urban planning are by definition tied to the economic dogmas of those who attempt to put them into practise and thus to the time of their elaboration. It thus judges planning policy not so much in the light of its explicit objectives within each dogma's terms of reference but rather in the light of what these explicit objectives will represent for such as control the economic and political reality of Argentinian Society. ; Este artículo presenta un análisis crítico sobre los más recientes intentos de poner en práctica la planificación urbana y regional en la Argentina. A la luz de las evidentes fallas, carencias y fracasos que se intentan demostrar, se formula finalmente un enfoque alternativo tendente a superar las deficiencias más notorias y a articular los modelos de transformación espaciales con la realidad socioeconómica contemporánea de la Argentina. El trabajo parte de la hipótesis fundamental de que los procesos de planificación regional y urbano están asociados, por definición, con la ideología dominante en los modelos de desarrollo vigentes al momento que dichos procesos se diseñan y se pretenden implementar. Se califica, pues, a las políticas de planificación no tanto por los objetivos explícitos a partir del discurso con que se las enuncia sino advirtiendo sobre sus resultados en relación a los objetivos de quienes controlan el poder económico y político de la sociedad.

The support offered to local authorities in this work consisted of technical and economic training on the integration of energy efficiency measures as well as the development of tools (guidelines, a decision support tool, databases and a visualization platform) that allow local authorities to prepare their building renovation plans. These tools are found very useful for local authorities, particularly in the case of Teruel province, characterised by many small municipalities whose local governments do not have the technical staff to undertake this type of planning. As a result of this work, an energy action plan was elaborated for the implementation of 96 energy efficiency measures in public buildings of Teruel province. The execution of this plan would allow energy savings of 1.3 MWh/year and 245 tonsCO2e/year of CO2 emission reduction, involving an investment of EUR 1.2 M. The close collaboration with public authorities made it possible to assess the strengths and weaknesses of using the developed tools. One of the barriers found is the availability of accurate building data (e.g., regarding envelope features) necessary for the decision support tool.

The '30 glorious years' is a period of great development (i.e. economy, society, and politics), when France went through and completed the phase of rapid urbanization. During the period, a considerable number of regional planning with the aim of 'balance' was established and implemented in France. In similar, after a long period of development, China met the period of rapid urbanization in the late 1990s and a series of regional planning with the 'balance' feature begin to emerge almost at the same time. The experiences regarding regional planning in France are quite meaningful to do some further research, in order to draw some useful lessons for China nowadays and in the future, which is the main purpose of the thesis. For reaching the goal, the whole thesis could mainly be divided into two parts: 1. Summarize the evolution process of French regional planning during the '30 glorious years', and analyze the effect and development after implementation of regional planning during and after the important period; 2. Conclude the development of China after the open-up policy, the existing regional planning and certain related problems, and present several implication for China finally, based on the experiences of France. After summarizing, analyzing and evaluating French regional planning during the '30 glorious years', we find that the content of regional planning changed with the evolution of background (i.e. economy, society, and politics). And the regional planning with obvious, positive effect all belonged to these which follow and predict the process and the inherent law of development. Therefore, regional planning should catch and foresee the decisive factor and solve the major problems during different phases of development. In order to make China avoid of or solve some important problems during the period of rapid development (also a period of rapid urbanization), we propose some implications for China's regional planning in the end. It includes: 1. the major objective of regional planning; 2. the provision ...

In Egypt, as in most developing countries, highly technical plans are drawn up, but nobody puts them into practice. They always end up gathering dust on the shelves of national agencies or local government without being utilised to make improvements to local economic or environmental well-being. The main flaws in the current plan-making process are centred on central government's monopoly in decision-making; fragmentation between government agencies leading to multiple and often conflicting spatial plans for the same location; and an absence of effective negotiation mechanisms between various stakeholders. These problems can be clearly demonstrated with reference to ecotourism planning. Such plans are being developed in highly sensitive regions, both environmentally and culturally, and there is a wide spectrum of stakeholders who are affected and influenced by any ecotourism development. Ecotourism development planning is a complex issue to the extent that it is beyond the capacity of any one stakeholder acting alone to resolve. These arguments are circular and very unlikely to be solved without effective collaboration between relevant stakeholders; such collaboration may avoid the costs of resolving long-running conflicts and improve the implementation rate of plans. The most appropriate starting point for this is focusing on the planning process by ensuring that development plans properly reflect stakeholder interests and deal with their conflicts through face-to-face dialogue. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was ″To design a practical framework for operationalising a collaborative planning approach in regional planning using ecotourism development as a case study″. A case study approach was adopted to examine whether the formulated conceptual framework could be applied in practice. Evidence from the case studies was drawn from a critical documentary review of three Egyptian ecotourism planning initiatives, combined with observation and semi-structured interviews with 67 ecotourism experts and stakeholders. Gaps in operationalising stakeholder engagement in the current planning processes as well as the barriers which have hindered the efficiency of stakeholder participation were identified from this evaluation. The final part of this thesis attempted to provide a number of recommendations to fill in these gaps and mitigate the barriers. The most important contribution was that of developing a practical framework for collaborative ecotourism planning that could be used to enhance stakeholder engagement during the planning process, for regional development in general and ecotourism in particular. This framework attempted to provide a methodology and guidelines on the operationalisation of stakeholder engagement during the planning process, designed to increase the likely success of plan implementation.

"This report presents, in table and narrative form, pertinent data and information pertaining to the road system of each county in the Region and comparable data from other counties. The report contains county profile information in the following areas: population, area and density, number of industries, 1960 family income, source and expenditure of highway funds, county assessed valuations, tax rates, equipment and manpower, miles and types of roads, list of county roads recommended for improvement, and current status of state highway projects in the Region."--Preliminary page. ; Sponsoring organization: Illinois Dept. of Local Government Affairs. ; "Final" report. ; "May 1972." ; "Report no. SIRP & DC 12." ; "This report presents, in table and narrative form, pertinent data and information pertaining to the road system of each county in the Region and comparable data from other counties. The report contains county profile information in the following areas: population, area and density, number of industries, 1960 family income, source and expenditure of highway funds, county assessed valuations, tax rates, equipment and manpower, miles and types of roads, list of county roads recommended for improvement, and current status of state highway projects in the Region."--Preliminary page. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The '30 glorious years' is a period of great development (i.e. economy, society, and politics), when France went through and completed the phase of rapid urbanization. During the period, a considerable number of regional planning with the aim of 'balance' was established and implemented in France. In similar, after a long period of development, China met the period of rapid urbanization in the late 1990s and a series of regional planning with the 'balance' feature begin to emerge almost at the same time. The experiences regarding regional planning in France are quite meaningful to do some further research, in order to draw some useful lessons for China nowadays and in the future, which is the main purpose of the thesis. For reaching the goal, the whole thesis could mainly be divided into two parts: 1. Summarize the evolution process of French regional planning during the '30 glorious years', and analyze the effect and development after implementation of regional planning during and after the important period; 2. Conclude the development of China after the open-up policy, the existing regional planning and certain related problems, and present several implication for China finally, based on the experiences of France. After summarizing, analyzing and evaluating French regional planning during the '30 glorious years', we find that the content of regional planning changed with the evolution of background (i.e. economy, society, and politics). And the regional planning with obvious, positive effect all belonged to these which follow and predict the process and the inherent law of development. Therefore, regional planning should catch and foresee the decisive factor and solve the major problems during different phases of development. In order to make China avoid of or solve some important problems during the period of rapid development (also a period of rapid urbanization), we propose some implications for China's regional planning in the end. It includes: 1. the major objective of regional planning; 2. the provision by government for migrants; 3. the method for big cities to keep their vitality; 4. the 'balance' development of urban agglomeration; 5. the healthy development of rural area; 6. the creation of growth pole; 7. the choice of location for public housing ; Dans l'histoire contemporaine de la France, on désigne couramment par 'Les trente glorieuses' la période qui, courant de 1945 à 1975 environ, fut marquée par un développement économique intense et une évolution sociale et politique rapide et profonde. Cette période fut aussi celle d'une forte urbanisation.De nombreuses politiques relevant de l'aménagement du territoire ont alors été mises en œuvre, ayant généralement pour objectif 'l'équilibre' du territoire français. De manière comparable, la Chine est entrée dans une phase d'urbanisation rapide depuis les années 1990. Simultanément, une série de planifications régionales ayant pour l'objet de 'l'équilibre' ont commencé à émerger. Dans cette perspective, les expériences françaises en matière d'aménagement du territoire sont importantes et utiles pour éclairer une recherche approfondie sur la Chine d'aujourd'hui et de demain. C'est l'objectif principal de la thèse.Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, la thèse est divisée en deux parties. Premièrement, résumer le processus d'évolution de l'aménagement du territoire français au cours des 'trente glorieuses', et en apprécier a posteriori les effets sur le développement du pays. Deuxièmement, faire un bilan du processus de développement lancé en Chine après 1978 (le début de la réforme faisant suite à de nombreuses années d'agitation politique), identifiant les planifications régionales et les problèmes qu'elles traitent, pour enfin tirer quelques enseignements pour la Chine de l'expérience française.Au terme de la synthèse, de l'analyse et de l'évaluation de l'aménagement du territoire français pendant 'les trente glorieuses', nous trouvons que leurs contenus et leurs effets sont complexes, et qu'ils ont changé au fil des ans avec l'évolution du contexte économie, social et politique. Les politiques d'aménagement du territoire ont exercé un effet positif éminent sur le processus de développement et ses suites. A cette fin, la planification régionale a du identifier les facteurs décisifs et résoudre les problèmes majeurs au cours des différentes phases de développement.Afin de désigner et de mieux résoudre les problèmes de la Chine pendant la période actuelle de développement rapide qui est aussi une phase d'urbanisation rapide, nous proposons quelques propositions à la fin de la thèse. Elles touchent : 1. le choix de l'objectif majeur de l'aménagement du territoire ; 2. l'offre de services publics aux migrants par le gouvernement ; 3. le maintien de la position compétitive des grandes villes ; 4. la recherche de l'équilibre des agglomérations urbaines ; 5. le développement de l'espace rural ; 6. la création de pôles de croissance ; 7. les choix de localisation et d'aménagement du logement social.

Bill introduced by the Texas House of Representatives relating to the authority of a governmental unit that has withdrawn from a regional planning commission to join another regional planning commission.

Abstract Background Community participation was a core tenet of Primary Health Care as articulated in the 1970s. How this could be generated and maintained was less clear. This historical article describes development of protocols for evidence-based community mobilisation in five local administrative units ( municipios ) in the Mexican state of Guerrero between 1992 and 1995. Methods A sample of five to eight sentinel sites represented each of the most impoverished municipalities of the poorest five of the state's seven regions. A 1992 baseline survey of diarrhoea and its actionable determinants provided the substrate for discussion with local planners and communities. Municipal planners used different strategies to promote participation. In one municipality, new health committees took control of water quality. In another, municipal authorities hired health promoters; a song promoted oral rehydration, and house-to-house interpersonal discussions promoted chlorination. In the poorest and most mountainous municipality, radio casera (home-made radio) soap operas used local "stars". In the largest and most disparate municipality, a child-to-family scheme relied on primary and secondary school teachers. The research team assessed outcomes at intervals and used the results to reinforce local planning and action. Results Diarrhoea rates declined in all five municipalities, and there were several positive intermediate outcomes from the communication strategies – changing knowledge, household practices and uptake of services. There was a strong link between specific contents of the communication package and the changing knowledge or practices. Conclusions Apart from these evidence-based interventions, other factors probably contributed to the decline of childhood diarrhoea. But, by monitoring implementation of planning decisions and the impact this has at community level, micro-regional planning can stimulate and reinforce actions likely to improve the health of communities. The process empowered municipalities to get access to more resources from the state government and international agencies.

Sponsoring organization: Illinois Dept. of Local Government Affairs. ; "Final" report. ; "February 1972." ; Contract/grant no. Ill. P-307 (1-16). ; Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-21). ; Mode of access: Internet.

A series of working papers prepared by students in the Environmental Planning Workshop in the Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, spring 1975. Lachlan F. Blair, professor. ; 1. Historic preservation--2. Natural resources--3. Governmental framework--4. Nuclear energy--5. Preservation on the Square --6. Recreation--7. The impact of a nuclear power plant on the employment and tax structure of DeWitt County--8. Nuclear energy--9. The Courthouse Square Historic Preservation District--10. Open space and recreation plans--11. Tax effects and general recommendations--12. What if . the Plant is cancelled?--13. Summary of recommendations and conclusions. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The background concepts based on which this research is carried out could be divided into four categories; first, the climate change impacts are clearly visible in urban regions throughout Iran, including Tehran Region; second, despite the national regulations set to reduce the use of fossil energies, the use of those energies are still high in different consumption types; third, the Tehran Metropolitan Region Plan as the regional plan for former Tehran Province has paid very little attention to the issues of climate protection and climate adaptation; and four, there are good capacities in governmental organizations, which could be utilized in order to insert climate adaptation strategies into the urban and regional plans. With the exception of national-wide general approaches e.g. replacing fossil energy carriers with clean and renewable ones, altering oil-firing vehicles into gas-firing ones, regulating buildings' construction based on efficient isolating facades, etc. the issue of energy efficiency has been neglected in urban and regional development plans in Iran. It means that the actions needed against the high energy consumption rates, and its effects on climate change and air pollution have been taken into account only in case of consumption types, so the authority organizations are only obliged to act accordingly in a sectoral base. Therefore, there is a perceptible lack of integrated energy management in urban and regional plans especially in the Tehran Metropolitan Region Plan. Moreover, the impacts of climate change on this region are also disregarded in development plans prepared for that. This is due to the lack of integrated urban and regional planning system working closely with the units responsible for the climate research and climate projections. Whereas, the existing capacities in both urban management bodies and the department of environment could be utilized to incorporate the climate adaptation strategies in urban and regional development plans in Tehran Metropolitan Region. This study highlights the existing efforts, gaps, and capacities and tries to bridge the gap in the organizational frameworks of the responsible authorities. ; Die Hintergrundkonzepte, auf deren Grundlage diese Forschung durchgeführt wurde, gliedern sich in vier Kategorien; erstens die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in urbanen Regionen im gesamten Iran, einschließlich der Region Teheran, sind deutlich sichtbar; zweitens trotz der nationalen Regelungen, die den Einsatz fossiler Energien reduzieren sollen, sind die Nutzung dieser Energien in den verschiedenen Verbrauchstypen immer noch hoch; drittens der Teheraner Metropolregionplan als Regionalplan für die ehemalige Teheraner Provinz hat den Fragen des Klimaschutzes und der Klimaanpassung wenig Beachtung geschenkt; und viertens es gibt gute Kapazitäten in Regierungsorganisationen, die genutzt werden könnten, um Klimaanpassungsstrategien in die städtischen und regionalen Pläne einzubringen. Mit Ausnahme von landesweiten allgemeinen Ansätzen z. B. der Ersatz fossiler Brennstoffe durch saubere und erneuerbare Energiequellen, die Umwandelung ölbefeuerter Fahrzeuge in gasbefeuerte Fahrzeuge, die Regelung vom Bau neuer Gebäude auf der Grundlage von effizienten isolierenden fassaden usw. das Thema Energieeffizienz ist in Stadt- und Regionalentwicklungsplänen im Iran vernachlässigt worden. Dies bedeutet, dass die Maßnahmen, die gegen die hohen Energieverbrauchsraten und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Klimawandel und die Luftverschmutzung erforderlich sind, nur bei den Verbrauchsarten berücksichtigt wurden, so dass die öffentliche Organisationen nur verpflichtet sind, entsprechend auf sektoraler Basis zu handeln. Daher besteht ein offensichtlicher Mangel an integriertem Energiemanagement in Stadt- und Regionalplänen, insbesondere im Teheraner Metropolregionplan. Darüber hinaus werden die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf diese Region auch in dafür vorbereiteten Entwicklungsplänen nicht berücksichtigt. Dies ist auf das Fehlen eines integrierten Stadt- und Regionalplanungssystems zurückzuführen, das eng mit den für Klimaforschung und Klimaprojektionen zuständigen Behörden zusammenarbeitet. Die bestehenden Kapazitäten sowohl in den städtischen Verwaltungsbehörden als auch im Umweltministerium könnten genutzt werden, um die Klimaanpassungsstrategien in Stadt- und Regionalentwicklungspläne in der Metropolregion Teheran einzubeziehen. Diese Studie hebt die bestehenden Bemühungen, Lücken und Kapazitäten hervor und versucht, die Lücke in den organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen der zuständigen Behörden zu schließen.

"A publication of the Housing Demonstration Program, Division of Housing and Urban Renewal." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.