Suchergebnisse

The Commission presented on 13 December 2016 new proposals for amending the coordination of social security systems. For frontier workers there should be a shift of competence for unemployment benefits: according to the current regulation the country of residence is competent. The Commission wants to make the country of former employment competent after one year of employment in that country. The Commission proposes also the extension of the period an unemployment benefit has to be exported. The Commission intends with the proposal to render the coordination rules of LTC more transparent and visible for the citizen. In terms of LTC the Commission therefore proposes mainly the following modifications: definition of LTC; establishing a detailed list of LTC benefits and creation of a new chapter on coordination of LTC.

The EC Directive No 128/2009 established a regulatory framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides (phytopharmaceuticals) that entered into force in 2011. The Directive manages all aspect of pesticides approved under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 and listed in implementing Regulation (EU) No 540/2011 outside the approval and approval procedure, including all relevant National Action Plans (NAP), training, sales of pesticides, information awareness-raising, pesticides storage, application and equipment (i.e. inspection of equipment in use), specific practices and uses (i.e. aerial spraying), indicators and reporting on pesticide uses. This study examines the evolution of these dispositions framing the use of pesticides in Europe and the recent implementation of the harmonized risk indicators (HRI), which are expected to diminish in numbers over time. Calculation of the annual HRI values, and analysis of their evolution through the years is, therefore, for the first time, a method to quantify the evolution of the theoretical impact of pesticides at the pan-European level and to measure the progress against the original purpose of the directive, and therefore, its success. https://www.doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v07marchand

In 2001 the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament adopted two Regulations on the reinforcement of the EU response against Antipersonnel Landmines (APL). These (referred to collectively as "the Regulation") laid the foundation of an integrated and focused European policy. The Regulation states the need to regularly assess operations financed by the Communityand that the European Commission (EC) shall submit to the European Parliament an overall assessment of all Community mine action. To implement these provisions, the EC commissioned a global assessment of EC mine policy and actions over the period 2002-2004 and entered into an agreement with the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) to, inter alia, manage the programme of regional evaluations to identify lessons learned within EC-funded mine action projects in the six regions, one of which is the Middle East. The regional evaluations complement the Global Assessment by focusing on relevant conclusions and recommendations from the Global Assessment, and EC mine action strategy and programming issues at the country level. The evaluation will not assess the efficiency, effectiveness, and impact of individual projects, except to illustrate changes since the Global Assessment or critical programming issues.

In this paper, we analyse the OECD permanent establishment definition and the COUNCIL Directive 2002/38/EC of 7 May 2002, applicable to radio and television broadcasting services and certain electronically supplied services for services provided by electronic means (e.g. Internet). Then, we analyse the implications that arise from simultaneously adopting both regulations in the context of electronic commerce "online". For the moment, there are not available data concerning these regulations' impact on corporate income tax base and as well as on consumption tax base in the Enlarged European Union. However, it seems that the framework created by these regulations is favourable to unfair (or harmful) tax competition within the UE regarding e-commerce "online". Finally, we observe that the OECD permanent establishment and the COUNCIL Directive 2002/38/EC of 7 May 2002 created a "tax haven" for electronic commerce "online" in the Portuguese territory of Madeira Island.

Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) is a European Union Regulation of 18 December 2006. Under this regulation all importers or manufactures of substances are obliged to register the substances. Without data, no market. It is a regulation which impacts all chemcal substances around the world. This ebook contents the consolidated version of the legislation

167Economics, trade and finance — Economic sanctions — Consequences — European Community law — Implementation in Community law of sanctions imposed by United Nations Security Council — Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1333 (2000) and 1390 (2002) — Council Regulation (EC) No 881/2002 — Duty to take measures to freeze funds and other financial assets of individuals and entities associated with Usama bin Laden, Al-Qaeda network and Taliban — Designation by Sanctions Committee — Applicants suspected of supporting terrorism — Applicants listed by Sanctions Committee — Applicants listed in Annex I to Regulation — Applicants' funds frozen in European Community — Applicants seeking annulment of Regulation — Whether effects of Regulation to be maintained on applicantsInternational organizations — United Nations — Security Council — Security Council having primary responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security — Threat of international terrorism — Decision under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter — Economic sanctions — Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1333 (2000) and 1390 (2002) — Sanctions Committee — Listing of applicants — Duty on Member States to implement SCRs — United Nations Charter, Article 25 — Obligation to give effect to decision of Security Council prevailing over other international obligations — United Nations Charter, Article 103International organizations — European Community — Implementation of sanctions imposed by United Nations Security Council — Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1333 (2000) and 1390 (2002) — Council Regulation (EC) No 881/2002 giving effect to SCRs in Community — Whether Community having competence to adopt Council Regulation — Legal basis of Regulation — Whether Articles 60 and 301 of European Community Treaty appropriate and sufficient legal basis — Whether Article 308 of EC Treaty providing legal basis — Whether Community act applying generally — Whether infringement of Article 249 of EC Treaty — EC Treaty constitutional principles — Requirement that Community acts respect fundamental rights — Listing of applicants in Annex I of Regulation — Whether Regulation breaching fundamental rights of applicants — Validity of RegulationRelationship of international law and municipal law — 168United Nations — United Nations Charter — European Community — EC Treaty — Relationship between international legal order under United Nations and internal and autonomous Community legal order — Community act intending to give effect to international law obligations — Regulation implementing Resolution adopted by Security Council under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter — Whether Community judicature excluded in principle from judicially reviewing Community act in light of fundamental freedoms — Judicial review being constitutional guarantee forming part of foundations of Community — Whether international agreement affecting allocated powers or legal autonomy of European Community — United Nations Charter, Article 103International tribunals — Court of Justice of the European Communities — Judicial review of acts of Community institutions — EC Treaty constitutional principles — Requirement that Community acts respect fundamental rights — Whether act reviewable — Standard of review — Whether Court of Justice having authority to review Community act giving effect to United Nations Security Council Resolutions — Whether Court thereby reviewing Resolutions — Whether basis in EC Treaty for immunity from jurisdiction for Regulation — Whether Regulation lawfulHuman rights — Rights of defence — Right to be heard — Right to effective judicial review — Right to property — Whether restrictions justified — Principle of proportionality — Guidelines provided by international human rights instruments in which Member States of European Community involved — European Convention on Human Rights — Whether United Nations sanctions system adequately protecting fundamental rights — Nature and effect of restrictive measures on applicants — Whether infringement of applicants' fundamental rightsTerrorism — Threat of international terrorism — Maintenance of international peace and security — Security Council — Chapter VII of United Nations Charter — Security Council Resolutions — Economic sanctions — Enforcement — Freezing funds in fight against terrorism — Whether inappropriate or disproportionate — Whether annulment of EC Regulation with immediate effect capable of seriously and irreversibly prejudicing 169effectiveness of measures — Whether judicial review disrupting United Nations sanctions system — The law of the European Community

AbstractSigned in 2009, the plant protection Commission Regulation EC No 1107/2009 created a new category of active substances, the low-risk substances, with specific status defined in Article 22. The initial and specific criteria, not suitable for microorganisms and natural substances, were modified in 2018, and the first low-risk substance, allocating Part D of Regulation EC No 540/2011, was granted in the same year. Since then, thirty-three low-risk substances have been granted with this specific status through approvals and renewals, while a larger list of potential low-risk substances from already-approved active substances was published. This list is only exploited during renewals, and this process would take another five years to complete. After four years of the implementation of this status, the number of such substances is still low, but is intended to increase slowly. Two more low-risk substances are already pending in 2021, which will bring the number of low-risk substances to thirty-five, while the initial list of potential low-risk substances (only renewals) included fifty-seven substances.