Suchergebnisse

Maģistra darbā "Noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīvs" apskatīta viena no nozīmīgākajām problēmām mūsdienās - objektīva sociāla parādība, kura apdraud sabiedrības intereses un drošību. Darba galvenais mērķis ir sniegt padziļinātu izpratni par noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīva jēdzienu, analizēt pastāvošās problēmas recidīva noteikšanā un izmantošanā, raksturot recidīva rādītājus, izstrādāt priekšlikumus par nepieciešamajām izmaiņām Latvijas normatīvajos aktos. Darbs sastāv no trīs nodaļām: pirmajā nodaļā galvenā uzmanība tiek pievērsta recidīva jēdziena vēsturei, veidiem un recidīva pazīmju attīstībai, lai radītu vispārīgu izpratni par to, kā dažādu laika periodu tiesību aktos valsts ir centusies radīt instrumentus, ar kuru palīdzību izdotos veikt noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīva prevenciju. Otrajā nodaļā apskatīti valsts radīti noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīva novēršanas instrumentu noteiktie mērķi, kas sekmēs kriminālsodu mērķa sasniegšanu un virzienu, kurā valsts attīsta krimināltiesības kopumā. Šajā nodaļā tiek pievērsta uzmanībā arī dzimumnoziedznieku recidīva problemātikai, kuras kaitējums ietekmē ne tikai cietušo, bet sabiedrību kopumā. Trešajā nodaļā tiek analizēta recidīva reglamentācija un piemērošana arī citu valstu krimināltiesībās. Atslēgvārdi: noziedzīgu nodarījumu daudzējādība; noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīvs; atbildību pastiprinošie apstākļi; sodāmība; dzimumnoziegumi. ; Master's thesis "Recidivism of criminal offences" one of the most important problems of our days was observed - objective social occurence which threat the public interest and safety. The main goal of the work is to provide the deepen conception of the recidivism, to analyse the existed problems of recidivism definition and use, to describe the recidivism rates, to develop proposals for the necessaries changes in Latvian legislation. The work consists of three chapters: the first chapter focuses on the concept of relapse history, types and characteristics of recurrence development in order to create a general understanding of how the different periods of time the state law has been trying to create tools with which to succeed in crime prevention. The second chapter reviews the state created crime relapse prevention tool set goals that will enhance criminal objective and the direction in which the state develops the criminal law. This chapter also draws attention to the problem of sex offender recidivism damage affects not only to the victim, but society as a whole. The third chapter analyzed relapse regulation and enforcement of the criminal laws of other countries. Keywords: multiplicity of criminal offences; recidivism (relapse) of criminal offences; aggravating circumstances; criminality; sexual offenses.

BACKGROUND: A number of treatments can help smokers make a successful quit attempt, but many initially successful quitters relapse over time. Several interventions have been proposed to help prevent relapse. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether specific interventions for relapse prevention reduce the proportion of recent quitters who return to smoking. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register, clinicaltrials.gov, and the ICTRP in February 2018 for studies mentioning relapse prevention or maintenance in their title, abstracts, or keywords. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials of relapse prevention interventions with a minimum follow‐up of six months. We included smokers who quit on their own, were undergoing enforced abstinence, or were participating in treatment programmes. We included studies that compared relapse prevention interventions with a no intervention control, or that compared a cessation programme with additional relapse prevention components with a cessation programme alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS: We included 77 studies (67,285 participants), 15 of which are new to this update. We judged 21 studies to be at high risk of bias, 51 to be at unclear risk of bias, and five studies to be at low risk of bias. Forty‐eight studies included abstainers, and 29 studies helped people to quit and then tested treatments to prevent relapse. Twenty‐six studies focused on special populations who were abstinent because of pregnancy (18 studies), hospital admission (five studies), or military service (three studies). Most studies used behavioural interventions that tried to teach people skills to cope with the urge to smoke, or followed up with additional support. Some studies tested extended pharmacotherapy. We focused on results from those studies that randomised abstainers, as these are the best test of relapse prevention interventions. Of the 12 analyses we conducted ...

Background A number of treatments can help smokers make a successful quit attempt, but many initially successful quitters relapse over time. Several interventions have been proposed to help prevent relapse. Objectives To assess whether specific interventions for relapse prevention reduce the proportion of recent quitters who return to smoking. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register, clinicaltrials.gov, and the ICTRP in February 2018 for studies mentioning relapse prevention or maintenance in their title, abstracts, or keywords. Selection criteria Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials of relapse prevention interventions with a minimum follow‐up of six months. We included smokers who quit on their own, were undergoing enforced abstinence, or were participating in treatment programmes. We included studies that compared relapse prevention interventions with a no intervention control, or that compared a cessation programme with additional relapse prevention components with a cessation programme alone. Data collection and analysis We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Main results We included 77 studies (67,285 participants), 15 of which are new to this update. We judged 21 studies to be at high risk of bias, 51 to be at unclear risk of bias, and five studies to be at low risk of bias. Forty‐eight studies included abstainers, and 29 studies helped people to quit and then tested treatments to prevent relapse. Twenty‐six studies focused on special populations who were abstinent because of pregnancy (18 studies), hospital admission (five studies), or military service (three studies). Most studies used behavioural interventions that tried to teach people skills to cope with the urge to smoke, or followed up with additional support. Some studies tested extended pharmacotherapy. We focused on results from those studies that randomised abstainers, as these are the best test of relapse prevention interventions. Of the 12 analyses we conducted in ...

BACKGROUND: A number of treatments can help smokers make a successful quit attempt, but many initially successful quitters relapse over time. Several interventions have been proposed to help prevent relapse. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether specific interventions for relapse prevention reduce the proportion of recent quitters who return to smoking. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register, clinicaltrials.gov, and the ICTRP in May 2019 for studies mentioning relapse prevention or maintenance in their title, abstracts, or keywords. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials of relapse prevention interventions with a minimum follow‐up of six months. We included smokers who quit on their own, were undergoing enforced abstinence, or were participating in treatment programmes. We included studies that compared relapse prevention interventions with a no intervention control, or that compared a cessation programme with additional relapse prevention components with a cessation programme alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS: We included 81 studies (69,094 participants), five of which are new to this update. We judged 22 studies to be at high risk of bias, 53 to be at unclear risk of bias, and six studies to be at low risk of bias. Fifty studies included abstainers, and 30 studies helped people to quit and then tested treatments to prevent relapse. Twenty‐eight studies focused on special populations who were abstinent because of pregnancy (19 studies), hospital admission (six studies), or military service (three studies). Most studies used behavioural interventions that tried to teach people skills to cope with the urge to smoke, or followed up with additional support. Some studies tested extended pharmacotherapy. We focused on results from those studies that randomised abstainers, as these are the best test of relapse prevention interventions. Of the 12 analyses we conducted in ...

The present report concerns a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an immunocompetent host. This patient was diagnosed as having smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and received supervised antitubercular treatment for 6 months from a government run tuberculosis centre (Directly Observed Therapy, Short-Course (DOTS) centre). At 3 months after completion of treatment, she presented with fever and cough with posterior–anterior (PA) view chest x ray showing a cavitary lesion on left upper zone. She was subsequently diagnosed as having a case of pulmonary nocardiosis and responded to oral cotrimoxazole.