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This paper argues that the notion of harm reduction can provide a more useful framework for the management of sex offenders. In this model, any reduction in the frequency or intensity of sexual offending is construed as positive. The zero-tolerance position, implicit in the relapse prevention model, has been a conspicuous failure in areas such as drug addiction and alcoholism. One of the major limitations is the equating of relapse with treatment failure. Moreover, managing sex offenders, in the sense of striving to limit socially undesirable behaviors, is a perfectly legitimate aim within the goal of making society safer.

Maģistra darbā "Noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīvs" apskatīta viena no nozīmīgākajām problēmām mūsdienās - objektīva sociāla parādība, kura apdraud sabiedrības intereses un drošību. Darba galvenais mērķis ir sniegt padziļinātu izpratni par noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīva jēdzienu, analizēt pastāvošās problēmas recidīva noteikšanā un izmantošanā, raksturot recidīva rādītājus, izstrādāt priekšlikumus par nepieciešamajām izmaiņām Latvijas normatīvajos aktos. Darbs sastāv no trīs nodaļām: pirmajā nodaļā galvenā uzmanība tiek pievērsta recidīva jēdziena vēsturei, veidiem un recidīva pazīmju attīstībai, lai radītu vispārīgu izpratni par to, kā dažādu laika periodu tiesību aktos valsts ir centusies radīt instrumentus, ar kuru palīdzību izdotos veikt noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīva prevenciju. Otrajā nodaļā apskatīti valsts radīti noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīva novēršanas instrumentu noteiktie mērķi, kas sekmēs kriminālsodu mērķa sasniegšanu un virzienu, kurā valsts attīsta krimināltiesības kopumā. Šajā nodaļā tiek pievērsta uzmanībā arī dzimumnoziedznieku recidīva problemātikai, kuras kaitējums ietekmē ne tikai cietušo, bet sabiedrību kopumā. Trešajā nodaļā tiek analizēta recidīva reglamentācija un piemērošana arī citu valstu krimināltiesībās. Atslēgvārdi: noziedzīgu nodarījumu daudzējādība; noziedzīgu nodarījumu recidīvs; atbildību pastiprinošie apstākļi; sodāmība; dzimumnoziegumi. ; Master's thesis "Recidivism of criminal offences" one of the most important problems of our days was observed - objective social occurence which threat the public interest and safety. The main goal of the work is to provide the deepen conception of the recidivism, to analyse the existed problems of recidivism definition and use, to describe the recidivism rates, to develop proposals for the necessaries changes in Latvian legislation. The work consists of three chapters: the first chapter focuses on the concept of relapse history, types and characteristics of recurrence development in order to create a general understanding of how the different periods of time the state law has been trying to create tools with which to succeed in crime prevention. The second chapter reviews the state created crime relapse prevention tool set goals that will enhance criminal objective and the direction in which the state develops the criminal law. This chapter also draws attention to the problem of sex offender recidivism damage affects not only to the victim, but society as a whole. The third chapter analyzed relapse regulation and enforcement of the criminal laws of other countries. Keywords: multiplicity of criminal offences; recidivism (relapse) of criminal offences; aggravating circumstances; criminality; sexual offenses.

AbstractThe current emphasis on relapse prevention in serious mental illness offers psychologists new opportunities and roles for which they are uniquely suited.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the first of two articles about substance abuse as a human disorder that defies resolution, with the primary care physician the intended audience.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is about the phenomenon of relapse as an extension of the formation of the underlying addictive‐oriented thinking. Both relapse and acceptance are about the "why" of substance abuse and not the "what."FindingsAccording to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the number of US adults who were classified as having substance dependence or abuse in 2008 based on criteria specified in the DSM‐IV was 22.2 million. Subtract on a mutually exclusive basis the 1.2 million who participate in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and the 1.7 million persons who are in some configuration of institutional therapy and this leaves 19.3 million persons as a potential pool of need.Research limitations/implicationsFocusing on the primary care physician is no more trivial than the two topics to be discussed.Social implicationsThe potential pool of need in the USA is much larger than the 19.3 million persons on the strength of what is implied by the to‐be‐developed views of relapse and acceptance as the "why" of substance abuse, as a subset of addictive‐oriented thinking.Originality/valueWhile the paper is in line with the World Health Organization's position that substance abuse is the most serious health problem globally, the advocated approach to the resolution of addiction is the efficiency of the relationship between the primary care physician and the patient.