Suchergebnisse

AbstractEffective relations between states and business have been increasingly identified as an important institution for sustaining economic development. This paper constructs quantitative indices measuring the quality of state–business relations (SBRs) across Indian states in the 1985–2008 period. It represents the first effort to systematically characterise SBRs across sub‐national units within a country without resorting to subjective surveys. We discuss the possible sensitivity of the indices to minor and major definitional changes and examine the evolution of SBRs across Indian states and at the national level through the study of cross‐sectional and secular trends in these indices. The results suggest that SBRs have improved over time in all states barring Bihar. Rankings of states in terms of the SBR index show varying time trends—stable and high ranks for states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, stable and low ranks for states like Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, rapidly improving ranks for states like Haryana, Punjab and Rajasthan and swift deterioration in ranks for states like Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

1. Intergroup conflict and negotiating settlement / Carsten K.W. De Dreu, Hillie Aaldering, & Ozum Saygi -- 2. How values change a conflict / Fieke Harinck, & Naomi Ellemers -- 3. Humiliation in conflict : underlying processes and effects on human thought and behavior / Kai J. Jonas, Marte Otten, & Bertjan Doosje -- 4. Minority identity and host national identification among immigrants / Maykel Verkuyten & Borja Martinovic -- 5. Ethnic diversity and dimensions of in-group solidarity : overview of insights into empirical relationships in Europe / Maurice Gesthuizen, Michael Savelkoul, & Peer Scheepers -- 6. Escalation and de-escalation of intergroup conflict : the role of communication within and between groups / Tom Postmes. [et al.] -- 7. Contagious conflict : spill-over effects of labor conflict between and with-in organizations / Agnes Akkerman. [et al.] -- 8. Human-rights promotion, the media and peacemaking in Africa / Brian Burgoon, Andrea Ruggeri & Ram Manikkalingam -- 9. New lines of conflict : European integration and immigration / Wouter van der Brug. [et al.] -- 10. By-stander conflict : training interventions for teams in high-stake professions / Evangelia Demerouti. [et al.].

The author emphasizes that some of the post-Communist states have not grown out of ethnic conflicts, antagonism and enmity, which break peaceful life, ruin public relations, cause considerable human losses and streams of refugees. For their peaceful settlement countries must develop models of ethnic relations harmonization. The author focuses on three issues, which contribute to the outbreaks of conflicts: the thing which causes conflicts is not ethnic affiliation, but nationality, officially defined by the USSR, and this should left behind; internal borders (nowadays state frontiers) established by the USSR for expansion and strengthening of authoritarianism, which now often stir up disputes; a level of ethnic violence in the post-Soviet countries is comparatively low. Materials on protection of minority rights in ten CEE countries members of the EU testify that the potential of joining the EU as a catalyst for reforms must be analyzed more thoroughly. The EU possesses resources and possibilities to use the process of integration for constructive settlement of invisible and threatening problems in the continent.

Intergroup competition and conflict create pervasive problems in human society, giving rise to such phenomena as prejudice, terrorism, ethnic cleansing, and interstate war. Citizens, policy makers, social workers, schoolteachers, and politicians wrestle with these problems, and with difficult questions these issues pose:What causes conflict to escalate?How should we manage conflict within communities, and also in society at large?Is conflict always bad, or does it have other more beneficial consequences?Social Confl.