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Discussions of religion in international relations have often focused narrowly on religious fundamentalism and on the potentially negative consequences of religious differences. This book attempts to take a more balanced and much broader view of the subject, bringing together new research-based studies by specialists from international relations, history and theology. Case-studies and thematic analyses examine both seldom-discussed issues - such as the political consequences of large-scale religious change - and review old themes in new ways.

Today religious concerns stand at the center of international politics, yet key paradigms in international relations, namely realism, liberalism, and constructivism, barely consider religion in their analysis of political subjects. Whether the issue is Islamic terrorism, the Christian Right's foreign policy predilections toward Israel and Southern Sudan, the complications of faith-based Western activism abroad, the potential destabilization of atheist China by the Dalai Lama and Falun Gong, or the threat Burmese monks pose to Myanmar's military regime, the rising prominence of religion challen

Cover -- Half-Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Series Editors' Introduction -- Introduction -- A diplomatic journey -- A methodological overview -- Integrating religion in international relations? -- Religions and violence: myths and reality -- The role of religions in conflict prevention and resolution -- Non-state transnational religious actors -- Book structure -- Part I A Theoretical Overview -- 1 Religion and World Politics -- Religions and inter-state relations -- Religions and internationalism -- Religions and transnationalism -- Religions and globalism -- 2 Religions and Global Governance -- Polity -- Politics -- Policy -- Secularization and governance -- Part II Issues and Applications -- 3 Islam between National and International Politics -- Geopolitics and identity -- Political transitions in the Arab-Islamic world -- Politics and religion in Pakistan: international and transnational dimensions -- The international context -- The analytical context: transnational religions -- Religions and "soft power" -- Transnational Islam: Pakistan as a case-study -- 4 The Catholic Church and the Global Shift of Power -- Interpreting globalization. Between Augustine and Thomas Aquinas -- The Church and the "New World" -- 5 Religious Freedom in the International Practice -- Reciprocity? -- Reporting on religious freedom: credibility and legitimacy -- Standards, actors, legitimacy and policy -- Current practices -- Italian foreign policy and religious freedom -- A case study: the Italian "Observatory on Religious Freedom" -- Index

This book has several main themes and arguments. International Relations has been westerncentric, which has contributed to its ignoring religion; while religion is not the main driving force behind IR, international politics cannot be understood without taking religion into account; the role of religion is related to the fact that IR has evolved to become more than just interstate relations and now included elements of domestic politics. The book proceeds in three stages. First, it looks at why religion was ignored by IR theory and theorists. Second, it examines the multiple ways religion influences IR, including through religious legitimacy and the many ways domestic religious issues can cross borders. In this discussion a number of topics including but not limited to international intervention, international organizations, religious fundamentalism, political Islam, Samuel Huntington's 'clash of civilizations' theory, and terrorism are addressed. Third, these factors are examined empirically using both quantitative and case study methodology.

1. Introduction -- 2. Religion, secularization and politics : a postmodern conspectus -- 3. Religious fundamentalism and politics -- 4. Religion and politics : what is the impact of September 11? -- 5. Religion and democratization in Africa -- 6. Religion, ethnicity and civil war in Africa : the cases of Uganda and Sudan -- 7. The political and social context of intercivilizational conflict and the possibilities of peace building -- 8. Conflict, conflict resolution and peace building : the role of religion in Mozambique, Nigeria and Cambodia -- 9. Religion and international relations : what are the issues? -- 10. Religion and foreign policy making in the USA, India and Iran : towards a research agenda -- 11. Politics, identity and religious nationalism in Turkey : from Ataturk to the AKP -- 12. Transnational religious actors and international politics -- 13. Transnational religious actors and international order -- 14. Religion and a human rights culture in America -- 15. Al-Qaeda : ideology and action -- 16. Islamic militancy in East-Africa -- 17. Conclusion.

Religion is high on the agenda of international politics today. Though there has been a retreat from religion in Europe, the international debate on the meaning and relevance of religion has intensified after the Iranian revolution and has gained new strength with the recent terror attacks, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the proliferation of intrastate conflict, and the process of European integration.The issues of secularism and its relationship to democracy, globalization and foreign policy are explored in this book. It is most relevant for politicians, policymakers, academic researchers, non-governmental organisations, peace and development practitioners, as well as the media. The book deals with the practical and policy-related consequences of the debate for development organisations and their views on poverty, religion and conflict.The Society for International Development (SID) has brought together eminent international writers and leading authorities in the field of religion, coming from different backgrounds and regions. Among the contributors are Peter Berger, Leonardo Boff, Abdullahi An-Na'im, Riffat Hassan, Thomas Pogge, Scott M. Thomas and Jonathan Fox

1. Religions, paradigms, and international relations -- 2. Religion and its influence in the international arena -- 3. Religion and classical realism : interactions within power politics -- 4. Religion and neorealism : interactions within the international system -- 5. Religion and (neo)liberalism : interactions within the market of ideas -- 6. Religion and the English school : interactions within international society -- 7. Religion and constructivism : interactions, ideas, and identities -- 8. Religion in international relations theory : interactions and prospects.

There is a growing realization among international relations scholars and practitioners that religion is a critical factor in global politics. The Iranian Revolution, the September 11 attacks, the ethno-religious conflicts such as the ones in the former Yugoslavia and Sri Lanka are among the many reasons for this increased focus on religion in international affairs. The rise of religious political parties across the world ranging from the Christian Democrats in Europe to Bharatiya Janata Party in India similarly illustrated religion's heightened international profile. Despite all thi.

Bringing together in one collection his most influential essays spanning two decades of research, Jeffrey Haynes seeks to explore the complex relationship between religion, politics and international relations.

Scholars in International Relations concerned with religion and its relations to world politics are rhetorically constructing a powerful modern myth. A component of this myth is that religion is inherently violent and irrational unless controlled by the secular state, which is inherently rational and only reluctantly violent. Timothy Fitzgerald discusses how, in this modern myth, 'religion' appears as a force of nature which either assists or threatens the sacred secular order of things, and how religion is portrayed as a kind of universal essence which takes many forms, its recent most danger

The book comes at a very critical moment in the debate on civilization and responds to the lack of scholarly attention by international relations and political theorists as to how the discourse of dialogue of cultures, religions, and civilizations can contribute to the future of world order

Historic Roots -- Religious Rights between International Law and Constitutional Law /Stephan Wendehorst -- A Right of Infidels to Establish Their Own State? /Władysław Czapliński -- Religious Institutions and Religious Law -- Le Saint-Siège en tant que sujet et acteur de droit international /Jean-Pierre Schouppe -- Liberté religieuse en islam : l'apostasie dans les pays arabes /Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron -- International Human Rights Bodies and Freedom of Religion -- Les organes de protection des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies face à la religion /Ludovic Hennebel -- The European Court of Human Rights and Freedom of Religion /Angelika Nußberger -- Le système interaméricain des droits de l'homme face aux religions /Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen -- Protection of Religion in International Law -- La liberté de religion : marge d'appréciation et mesures positives des Etats /Christoph Grabenwarter -- Religious Profiling, Statistical Discrimination and the Fight against Terrorism in Public International Law /Antje von Ungern-Sternberg -- La protection de l'héritage culturel religieux en droit international /Claas Friedrich Germelmann -- Religious Beliefs and Freedom of Expression -- Blasphemy and Hate Speech: Clarifications of International Human Rights Law Standards /Eleni Polymenopoulou -- Freedom of Expression: Theory and Practice in the Islamic Realm /Irmgard Marboe -- Is Religion a Threat to Human Rights? Or is It the Other Way Around? /Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque and Andrea Scoseria Katz -- Religion and Other Individual Rights -- Discrimination in the Name of Religion in Employment and Occupation: An ILO Perspective /Ninon Colneric -- Religion et droits des femmes : le concordat n'aura pas lieu /Sophie Grosbon -- Religious Freedom and Parental Rights in a Pluralist Society /Dagmar Richter -- Conclusions -- Les influences réciproques entre religion(s) et droit international /Emmanuel Decaux -- Religion and International Law: Strengthening and Enhancing a Comparative Approach /Christian Walter.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 The Religious Resurgence and International Political Economy -- Religion and Neoliberal Globalization in International Political Economy -- Structure and the Argument of the Book -- Methodological Note -- References -- 2 Religious Fundamentalism and the Neoliberal Turn -- The New Deal and Embedded Liberalism-Taming the Markets? -- Secular Nationalism as a Precondition for Embedded Liberalism? -- The Religious and Neoliberal Counterinsurgency Against the Interventionist State -- Neoliberal Globalization and Inequality -- Is Neoliberalism Now a Form of Religion? -- "Secularization" and International Political Economy -- "Religions" and International Political Economy-The Framework of Analysis -- Religious Resurgence One or Many? A Gramscian Perspective on Religion -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Business Fundamentalism and US Hegemony -- From Benevolent to Predatory Hegemony -- The Religious Origins of Neoliberalism -- Militarization of US Foreign Policy and "Islam" as the New Enemy -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 The Spirit of Capitalism and the Question of Development -- Weber, Capitalist Development, and Post-developmentalism -- Market Islam and Development -- Pentecostal and Prosperity Christianity -- Corporate Hinduism, Prosperity Buddhism, and Revival of Folk Religions -- The Spirit of Capitalism and Charitable Giving -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Toward Multipolarity Through Religious Nationalism? -- State Strategies and Transformations in a Lopsided International Political Economy -- Religious Counter-Elites and the Neoliberal Revolution in West Asia -- South Asian Counter-Elites -- Latin America: Evangelical Counter-Elites and the New Authoritarian Politics -- Decolonization of IPE Through Multipolarity and Multiple Modernities? -- Conclusion.