Suchergebnisse

Since independence, as Georgia attempted to become closer to Western Europe & the Atlantic community, its relations with Russia have deteriorated. The Five Days War in August 2008 comes as a result of the mounting tensions between Russia & Georgia, after the Rose Revolution. Successive Russian provocations show clearly that Moscow was preparing for a showdown. However, Moscow may have made a mistake when it decided to recognize the unilateral declarations of independence of South Ossetia & Abkhazia. Adapted from the source document.

The article considers boarding on the interaction between the State of Law and the market pursuant the juridical and economic analysis as an instrumental to investigate the social phenomenology, in special, referring to the reflections produced by the public agent´s action that operating the Law at the economic agent´s action in the market, detaching the effectiveness of the normative and disciplinary State´s roll. It denotes the in management of the State on the market, frequently causing ominous externalities for the fluidity of the production relations. The other hand, it points to the mistake of the minimal State in the existence of a weakened civil society in its civil and economic power, in this way, it presents a possible critic to the economic think on the juridical praxis. For in such a way, detaching the theoretical premises of defending thinkers of the juridical and economic vision as Karl Marx, Rudolph Stammler and the defenders of the economic-juridical rationality adequate to the Law and Economics (LaE) as Guido Calabresi, Ronald H. Coase and Richard A. Posner. It objectives to present delineations regarding the symbiosis between the State and the Market pointing in this way the politician-economic-juridical way of the currently occidental society. It uses the economic-legal methodology of the Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) and intends to clarify the generated economic-social effect pursuant the implement of the action in the social market and besides by the defended Social Economic Efficiency Principle (SEEP). The inquiry implies in a qualitative research, serving of the bibliographical way and legislation. The used method of boarding is the deductive and, referring to the finalities, it is an exploratory and explicative analysis. It concludes for the necessity of the State´s action on the market, with its power to discipline and normative reaching what is proposed as Legal Ethical Minimum (LEM); pursuant a responsible and ethical culture of production and consumerism capable of inclusion and to ...

Examines relation of Islam, fundamentalism, and the West in context of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks; argues that the economic, political, and social crisis of the Muslim world is also a perversion of those who, like Osama bin Laden, use Jihad, religious terrorism, and violence in defense against western hegemony. Summaries in English and French p. 316-8.

The pol'al behavior (PB) of a little community in the valley of Sao Francisco in the State of Bahia, Brazil, was studied by the method of functional analysis. By referring to the distinction expressed by R. K. Merton between function (adaptation) & disfunction (inadaptation), the various manifestations of pol'al life were classified. The analysis revealed the presence of a conflict between 2 portions of the community, which might or might not be an adaptation to pol'al life. There remains to be determined the aspect of PB, functional or disfunctional, which exercises the greatest influence: concerning which res always poses a delicate methodological problem. It is apparent that inadaptation has a serious repercussion on adjustment, from which stems a certain frustration felt by the opposition; this, in turn, has repercussions in the tension of the entire community & threatens to bring about its dissolution. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

O artigo analisa interações entre membros do empresariado e o governo brasi­leiro durante o governo Lula, de 2003 a 2010, no âmbito das políticas públicas domésticas e ex­terna nacionais que teriam fomentado as rela­ções com países africanos com vistas a ganhos instrumentais. Defende-se que tanto atores pri­vados quanto estatais, por convergências e/ou associações de interesses, teriam obtido vanta­gens ao trabalhar sincronicamente. Enquanto o setor privado lograria diminuir seus custos políticos e financeiros com investimentos no exterior, o governo brasileiro, paralelamente, poderia utilizar-se desses investimentos priva­dos como meio de expandir sua influência in­ternacional e lograr seus objetivos. Nesse con­texto, foram analisados três casos de empresas brasileiras que realizaram investimentos na África no período indicado. ; The ar­ticle analyses interactions between members of the Brazilian private sector and the Brazi­lian state apparatus during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's two terms as president, from 2003 to 2010, within the domestic and foreign public policies' framework, which would have fomen­ted relations with African countries pursuing instrumental gains. The article supports the thesis that actors from both private and gover­nmental sectors achieves advantages as they emprehend synchronic actions. While the pri­vate sector succeeds in minimizing its opera­tional and political costs in its external invest­ments, the Brazilian government, in parallel, uses such private investments as a means of ex­panding its international influence and achie­ve its objectives. In light of this, three cases of Brazilian companies that invested in Africa during the investigated period, are analyzed. ; The ar­ticle analyses interactions between members of the Brazilian private sector and the Brazi­lian state apparatus during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's two terms as president, from 2003 to 2010, within the domestic and foreign public policies' framework, which would have fomen­ted relations with African countries pursuing instrumental gains. The article supports the thesis that actors from both private and gover­nmental sectors achieves advantages as they emprehend synchronic actions. While the pri­vate sector succeeds in minimizing its opera­tional and political costs in its external invest­ments, the Brazilian government, in parallel, uses such private investments as a means of ex­panding its international influence and achie­ve its objectives. In light of this, three cases of Brazilian companies that invested in Africa during the investigated period, are analyzed.

A review essay on a book by Luis Nuno Rodrigues, No caracao do atlaantico. Os estado unidos e os acores (1939-1948) ([In the Heart of the Atlantic: The United States and the Azores (1939-1948)] Lisboa, Prefacio, 2005).

Examines relations with the US and Great Britain in 1961, when a conspiracy was organized by the military against the government, a war began in Angola, and the colonial state of Goa in India was lost; Portugal. Partially based on 19 US Department of State documents reproduced in this issue, p. 163-216.

Considering the changes in Brazilian municipalities since the Federal Constitution of 1988, this study sought to verify the relation between government transfers, own tax collection and the education index of municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais (2009 to 2013). The hypothesis adopted was that a greater financial resources availability would have a positive impact on the municipal education's quality. The study variables were tested using randomized block variance analysis, Spearman's correlation, k-rates clusters' analysis and multiple linear regression. Among the results obtained, the study highlights the lack of connection between the degree of financial autonomy and the investments in education, as well as it finds that the amount of revenues from taxes and the extra percentage of investment do not affect the education index. ; Considerando que las modificaciones son proporcionadas a los municipios brasileños, desde la promulgación de la Constitución Federal de 1988, que alteró la asignación de recursos públicos a la educación, los municipios brasileños pasaron a recibir más recursos del gobierno, así como aumentar el porcentaje de la asignación munici­pal invertida en el área de educación. Así, en este estudio se objetivó verificar la relación entre las transferencias gubernamentales, la recaudación de impuestos propia y el índice de educación de los municipios del estado de Minas Gerais (2009 a 2013), partiendo de la hipótesis de que una mayor disponibilidad de recursos financieros impactaría positivamente la calidad de la educación municipal. Las variables del estudio se probaron por medio del análisis de varianza en bloques casualizados, correlación de Spearman, análisis de clusters de k-medias y regresión lineal múltiple. Entre las inferencias de este estudio, se destaca la falta de asociación entre el grado de autonomía financiera y las inversiones en educación, y el hallazgo de que el cuantitativo del aumento de impuestos y el porcentaje adicional de inversión en educación no impactan el índice de educación. ; Considerando as mudanças proporcionadas aos municípios brasileiros, desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, objetivou-se verificar a relação entre as transferências governamentais, a arrecadação tributária própria e o índice de educação dos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais (2009 a 2013), partindo da hipótese de que uma maior disponibilidade de recursos financeiros impactaria positivamente a qualidade da educação municipal. As variáveis do estudo foram testadas por meio da análise de variância em blocos casualizados, corre­lação de Spearman, análise de clusters de k-médias e regressão linear múltipla. Entre as inferências deste estudo, destaca-se a falta de associação entre o grau de autonomia financeira e os investimentos em educação, e o achado de que o quantitativo de receitas tributárias e o percentual adicional de investimento em educação não impactam o índice de educação.