Suchergebnisse

Introduction: the next great experiment -- Energy and society: energetic foundations of sociology -- Contermporary social theories of energy transitions -- Wind, solar, and biomass in sociotechnical transition -- Renewable energy from below the ground -- Political regulation and new forms of environmental governance -- Energies in conflict: new restraints and old obstacles -- Integrating renewalable energies into existing electricity systems -- Conclusion: nonknowledge and exnovation as progress

On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Affairs, the Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat) takes stock of the use of renewable energies and annually prepares an official estimate of the development of renewable energies for the previous year. This background paper describes the initial findings for the electricity, heat and transport sectors, supplemented by figures on the economic effects and emissions avoidance through renewable energies. In addition, some selected indicators on weather conditions are presented in the annex to better understand current developments.

On behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, the Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat) takes stock of the use of renewable energies and annually prepares an official estimate of the development of renewable energies for the previous year. This background paper describes the initial findings for the electricity, heat and transport sectors, supplemented by figures on the economic effects and emissions avoidance through renewable energies. In addition, some selected indicators on weather conditions are presented in the annex to better understand current developments.

Energy efficiency and energy conservation are the cornerstones of win-win strategies for reducing emissions while fostering economic development. Renewable energies can technically contribute to practically all sectors of energy demand, that is, fuel for transportation, electricity, low temperature heat for space heating and hot water and, to a limited degree, to high temperature process heat. However, costs and variability are the two major security concerns regarding renewable energies. An improvement of energy security by using renewable energies is possible but it causes additional costs. However, a sufficiently widespread variety of energy sources implies the acceptance of a certain spread of costs in any case. This means that efforts to improve energy security do not come for free. More secure energy systems require higher costs and thus, higher energy prices.

This ebook of COMPEL includes the extended and improved versions of a selection of 19 papers among 77 presented during the Seventh International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER'12, March 22-25, 2012). Over the two last decades and up-to date, it is widely recognized that permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines are attractive candidates especially for direct-drive applications that eliminate gearboxes or other transmission components between the electric machine and the mechanically-coupled system. However, due to the significant increase of the

"Der Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien hat auf regionaler Ebene im Rahmen des Klimaschutzes an Bedeutung gewonnen. Angesichts der dezentralen unternehmerischen Aktivitäten für die räumliche Umsetzung der energiepolitischen Ziele, Leitbilder und Strategien rückt die damit verbundene Flächeninanspruchnahme als räumliche Dimension ins Blickfeld. Als überörtliche und überfachliche Institution ist die Regionalplanung gefragt, den Ausbau der unterschiedlichen raumbedeutsamen erneuerbaren Energien mit ihren vielfältigen Flächennutzungskonkurrenzen mit formellen Instrumenten zu steuern und koordinierend zu gestalten. Darüber hinaus sind auch informelle Instrumente wie ein Fachbeitrag 'Energie' bei der Erarbeitung von Raumordnungsplänen geeignet, die Datengrundlagen und Abwägungsentscheidungen zu fundieren. Dieser Fachbeitrag bedarf jedoch, ebenso wie die Erarbeitung regionaler Energiekonzepte, regionalplanerischer und energiefachlicher Kompetenz." (Autorenreferat)

This cross-sectional, interdisciplinary study traces the 'history of innovation' of renewable energies in Germany. It features five renewable energy sectors of electricity generation: biomass, photovoltaic, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydropower. The study tracks the development of the respective technologies as well as their contribution to electricity generation. It focuses on driving forces and constraints for renewable energies in the period between 1990 and today

Energy was one of five foci of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002. While the access to modern energy is crucial for poverty reduction in particular and development in general, the way of producing and providing that energy is as crucial for environmental and social sustainability. Hence, the renewables2004 – the International Conference for Renewable Energies was the logical consequence and next step on the way forward. It was held from 1st June to 4th June 2004 in Bonn, Germany, and turned out to be a forum for stakeholders from all sectors: Governments as well as parliamentarians, the private sector, NGOs, International Organisations, and International Financial Institutions. On 1st June this multisectoral approach to the dissemination of renewables was completed by the Science Forum – Education, Research, and Training: Basis for Wide-spread Deployment of Renewable Energies. This one-day side-event brought together scientists and practitioners from allover the world, discussing the future requirements of research and development as well as needs and potentials of education and training for renewables in developing and industrialized countries.

The decarbonisation of the power sector signifies reducing its carbon dependency. The aim of several programmes is making a conversion to a sustainable & low-carbon economy. Some of the targets by the EU are legally binding, thus appear in the national legislation and strategies. To meet the objective, we need to use renewable energy soures expansively.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Multiple Criteria Performance Modelling and Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Systems-A Literature Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Policy Making Related to Renewable Energy Systems -- 3 Criteria, Techniques and Models for Impact Assessment of DGE Systems -- 3.1 Criteria of Impact Assessment -- 3.2 Techniques for Impact Assessment -- 3.3 Models for Impact Assessment -- 4 Applications of Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Systems in Policy Making -- 4.1 Overview of MCDA Method -- 4.2 Multi-criteria Decision Analysis in Renewable Energy Planning and Policy -- 5 Summary Remarks -- References -- 2 Towards Energy Self-sufficiency in Large Metropolitan Areas: Business Opportunities on Renewable Electricity in Madrid -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Energy Model of Madrid -- 2.1 The LEAP-Madrid Model -- 2.2 Scenario Narratives -- 3 Identification of Business Opportunities Through Energy Systems Modelling -- 3.1 Electricity Production in the "hi-IMP Scenario" -- 3.2 Electricity Production in the "c-IMP Scenario" -- 3.3 Electricity Production in the "lo-IMP Scenario" -- 3.4 Electricity Production in the "REN Scenario" -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 How Do Energy Engineers of the Future Think. Analysis of Master Students' Proposals -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Teaching Context -- 2.1 Master's Degrees Involved -- 2.2 Project Requirements -- 2.2.1 MSc RENE-RENE Project -- 2.2.2 RENE Project/EDPR University Challenge -- 2.2.3 MSc SELECT Project of the Year -- 3 Analysis of Projects -- 3.1 General Approach -- 3.2 Example -- 3.3 Analysis Development -- 3.4 Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Concentrated Solar Power: Present and Future -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 CSP as Part of the Modern Energy Mix -- 3 CSP Technologies.

AbstractChina's old model of growth was heavily energy intensive, with energy overwhelmingly reliant on coal. This imposed immense pressures on the global and domestic environment. Since 2012, there has been decisive change in the trajectory of coal use and emissions. Renewable energy has been encouraged by a wide range of policies. Increased scale and innovation have radically reduced renewables costs and China has become the main generator of renewable energy and source of wind turbines and solar panels for the world. The whole of the increase in China's electricity since 2012 is from low emissions sources, making attainment of global climate goals possible.