Suchergebnisse

Cover -- CONTENTS -- WHAT DRIVES WAGE GROWTH IN POLAND? -- References -- FIGURES -- 1. Labor Market Condition -- 2. Long Run Relationship Between Real Wage and Trend Labor Productivity -- 3. Decomposition of the Recent Wage Acceleration -- TABLES -- 1. Short Run Drivers of Nominal Wage Growth -- 2. Short Run Drivers of Nominal Wage Growth-Role of Foreign Workers -- APPENDIX -- I. Tables of Key Variables -- STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FIRM-LEVEL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM POLAND AND EMERGING EUROPE -- A. Firm-Level TFP: Statistics Poland Data -- B. Firm-Level TFP: ORBIS Data -- C. Conclustions and Implications -- References -- TABLE -- 1. Cross-Country Comparison of Relative Allocative Efficiency -- APPENDICES -- I. Measuring Total Factor Productivity of Non-Financial Enterprises in Poland -- II. Orbis Data and Regression Results

Cover -- CONTENTS -- ACRONYMS -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. BUILDING THE FORWARD ESTIMATES -- A. Methodology -- B. Progress of Forward Estimates -- C. Applying Forward Estimates to Select Line Ministries -- D. Cross-cutting Issues -- E. Further Development of the Forward Estimates -- F. Future work on Forward Estimates and the Medium-Term Budget Framework -- G. Recommendations -- II. DEVELOPING A STANDARDIZED CHART OF ACCOUNTS -- A. Background -- B. Key issues with the Current Chart of Accounts -- C. Proposed Architecture of the Standardized Chart of Accounts -- D. Issues for Consideration in the Development of the Standardized Chart of Accounts -- E. Pre-requisites, Assumptions, and Implications of the Standardized Chart of Accounts Reform Project -- F. Workplan for Developing a Standardized Chart of Accounts -- G. Future Work -- BOXES -- 1. Major Steps in Preparing Forward Estimates -- 2. Sectoral Coverage in Poland -- 3. State Budget Division and Budget Classification in Poland -- 4. The Treatment of Wages in Forward Estimates - Country Examples -- 5. Key Recommendations of the World Bank on CoA Reforms -- 6. The SCoA as Building Block to Align Budget Classifications and other Reports -- 7. Council of Ministers' Decisions on Budgetary Classification Reforms -- FIGURES -- 1. Average Difference between Medium-Term Estimates and Actual Expenditure -- 2. 2017 Budget of Ministry of Internal Affairs -- 3. Labor Market Pressures in Poland -- 4. Current Budgetary Classifications Compared to Proposed SCoA -- 5. Standardized Chart of Accounts Integration with the Fiscal Cycle -- TABLE -- 1. Proposed Workplan for the Development of a SCoA.

Located in east-central Europe, Poland comprises an area of nearly 313,000 square kilometers (about the size of New Mexico). Borders with Germany on the west and Belarus and Russia on the east give Poland notable geopolitical significance. In addition, its flat topography, with no defensible geographical features, has made Poland a prime area for conflict, as the country not only lies between historically powerful nations but also has served as an unwilling conduit for forces between Russia and Germany.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- GLOSSARY -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. BACKGROUND -- A. Value-Added Tax Revenue Performance -- B. C-Efficiency Ratio -- II. ESTIMATES OF THE VALUE-ADDED TAX GAP -- A. The Compliance Gap -- B. The Policy Gap -- C. The Overall Value-Added Tax Gap -- III. FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLIANCE GAP -- A. Potential and Actual Value-Added Tax -- B. Potential and Actual Value-Added Tax by Sector -- C. The Compliance Gap by Sector -- D. Compliance Gap Estimates -- IV. VALUE-ADDED TAX COMPLIANCE IN POLAND -- A. Value-Added Tax Compliance Measures -- BOX -- 1. Measurement of Actual VAT -- FIGURES -- 1. VAT Revenues (2008-17) -- 2. VAT Compliance Gap (2010-16) -- 3. VAT Gap, Compliance Gap, and Policy Gap (2010-16) -- 4. The Compliance Gap by Sector (2010-16) -- 5. Compliance Gap Estimates (2010-16) -- 6. VAT Revenues (2008-17) -- 7. Breakdown of Net VAT Revenues (2010-16) -- 8. C-Efficiency for Poland Compared to Average for European Countries (2008-16) -- 9. Average C-Efficiency for Europe over the Period (2008-16) -- 10. VAT Compliance Gap (2010-16) -- 11. The Assessment and Collection Gap (2010-16) -- 12. The Policy Gap and the Compliance Gap (2010-16) -- 13. The Expenditure and Non-Taxable Gap (2010-16) -- 14. The VAT Gap, the Compliance Gap, and the Policy Gap (2010-16) -- 15. Actual VAT and Components of the Tax Gap (2010-16) -- 16. (1-VAT Gap) versus the C-Efficiency Ratio (2010-16) -- 17. Impact of the Tax Gap Components on C-Efficiency (2010-16) -- 18 Measures of VAT Collections (2010-16) -- 19. Illustrative RA-GAP Accrual Measurement and Official Values for VAT Collections -- 20. Potential and Actual VAT (2010-16) -- 21. Trends in Potential and Actual VAT by Sector (2010-16) -- 22. The Compliance Gap by Sector (2010-2016) -- 23. CASE, MoF, and RA-GAP Compliance Gap Estimates (2010-17).

Cover -- CONTENTS -- ACRONYMS -- PREFACE -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DEVELOPING THE STANDARD CHART OF ACCOUNTS -- A. Background -- B. Progress Towards Developing a Standard Chart of Accounts -- C. Next Steps in Developing a SCoA -- D. Developing Consolidated Financial Statements -- E. Recommendations -- III. DEVELOPING THE MEDIUM-TERM BUDGET -- A. Background -- B. Progress Towards a MTBF -- C. Planning and Forecasting with Multi-Annual Perspective -- D. Adjustment to the Baseline to Comply with the top-down Hard-Budget Ceilings -- E. Recommendations -- IV. PROJECT MANAGEMENT -- A. Background -- B. Measures to Support Project Implementation -- C. Recommendations -- BOXES -- 1. Government Objectives and Expected Benefits from the MTBF-Quotes from the Minister of Finance -- 2. Main Changes to MTBF in Budget Regulation -- 3. Commitment Toward the MTO in Convergence Program -- 4. Groups of Entities/Funds Covered by SER -- 5. Entities with the Source of Funding as Defined in the PFA -- FIGURES -- 1. Logic of GFS/ESA Classifications -- 2. SCoA Integration with Budget and Financial Reporting -- 3a. Reporting by State Entities -- 3b. Reporting by Local Governments -- 4. Calculation of State Budget Expenditure Limit According to the SER -- TABLES -- 1. Proposed Structure of the SCoA -- 2. Coverage of the Current CoAs -- 3. Main Milestones of Resident Advisor -- ANNEX -- I. User Survey Questionnaire -- Contents -- IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION -- ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS -- PARTICULARS OF THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM -- TECHNOLOGY OF THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM -- COVERAGE AND FUNCTIONALITY OF THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM -- THE CHART OF ACCOUNTS -- STRUCTURE -- PORTABILITY AND EXPANDABILITY -- REPORTING REQUIREMENTS -- ACCOUNTING/ REPORTING STANDARDS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF REPORTS -- STATUTORY REPORTING -- MANAGERIAL REPORTS.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- Glossary -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- A. Financial System Context -- COOPERATIVE BANKS -- A. Background and Financial Performance -- B. Transition of the Cooperative Bank Sector -- C. Supervision -- D. Financial Safety Nets and Resolution Framework -- CREDIT UNIONS -- A. Background -- B. Financial Performance -- C. Supervision -- D. Financial Safety Nets and Resolution Framework -- BOXES -- 1. Resolution Experience Under the IPS Model -- 2. Contours of a Consolidation Strategy for the Credit Union Sector -- FIGURES -- 1. The Number of Cooperative Banks, December 2017 -- 2. Performance of Existing Affiliating Bank Networks -- 3. Shortage of Capital in Relation to the Capital Requirement -- TABLES -- 1. Main Recommendations -- 2. Performance of Cooperative Banks by Size -- 3. Affiliations of the Cooperative Bank Sector in Transition -- 4. Regulatory Capital Ratio of the 35 Credit Unions Operating in September 2017 -- 5. Evolution of the NPL Ratio for Credit Unions.

This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that Polandâ??s economy is steadily recovering from the 2012â??2013 slowdown on the back of Polandâ??s very strong fundamentals and policies. Real GDP growth moderated to 1.6 percent in 2013 as the slowdown in core euro area countries had knock-on effects on consumer and investor confidence. However, a steady recovery is now under way. The outlook is for a continuing recovery, but external risks remain firmly on the downside. Growth is expected to reach 3.3 percent in 2014 but strong trade and financial linkages with core euro area countries make it

Selected issues of Poland are studied in this paper. The global projection model used to prepare the baseline inflation forecast and risk assessment for Poland is also explained. Baseline forecast, risk assessment, and policy communication are discussed. The pension reform has been a cornerstone of fiscal policies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Problems with the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) rules, a brief discussion of reform reversals, and policy options for both individual countries and those at the EU level are also discussed. Fiscal implications of pre-funding future liabilities a