A data-sociology approach is introduced by analyzing results obtained by the Russian voluntary networking community «Dissernet». As is the case with data-journalism, data-sociology is based on the publically accessible (open source) data and takes advantage of modern information processing technologies. The results obtained in the framework of this study help to reconstruct a socio-landscape and to reveal problematic areas where any sort of fraud is highly welcomed. As a matter of fact, the same areas are highly problematic for society as a whole. Data collected by the «Dissernet» allow practical conclusions to be drawn about the work of various professional groups of people, e.g. expert committies in science and higher education (Dissertation Committies), editorial boards of scientiic journals, as well as governmental bodies at regional and federal level.
Abstract. After proving to be highly effective in technical fields, digital transformation is now making its way into the social field as well. The digital transformation of routine procedures is developing most successfully; the sheer scale of operations makes the results of digital transformation very obvious, which inspires hopes for similar success in applying the same methods to the activities of public authorities. This review covers the concept of the digital transformation of the government, as suggested by the Higher School of Economics. The creators of the concept believe that digital transformation will not only help meet the goals of bureaucratic reform but also improve the quality of governance. They cite the experience of businesses that have extensively integrated digital transformation into their operations as proof of this claim. This review, however, highlights the dangers of applying digital transformation methods to public governance at a superficial level, without analysing the issue's legal background or predicting possible consequences beforehand. We demonstrate that similar attempts at optimising the management of the national economy without changing the underlying economic mechanism, as undertaken in the Soviet period, were ultimately unsuccessful. Each area of economic activity has its own theoretical guidelines and its own unique experience, as reflected in the legal regulations. We do not believe it possible to solve issues in one area of knowledge and activity by using methods that were meant for other areas. Therefore, the HSE's concept, which relies on experience in big data processing ; For citation: Andreyev YuN. Review of the Report on the Public Service Reform by the National Research University Higher School of Economics. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2021;16(1):144-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2021.16-1.144-157
The round table discussion was devoted to the development problems facing such scientiic infrastructure facilities of the Russian Federation as the Centers of Shared Multi-Access to Research Equipment (hereinafter CKP) and Unique Research Facilities (hereinafter UNU). The round table participants included representatives of CKP, UNU and the relevant back-up organizations with a long history of successful management of their Centers and Facilities. The Keynote report sought to frame the major problems of CKP and UNU development, indicated the causes of these problems, identiied guidelines to their solution through the strengthening of governmental support to scientiic infrastructure. According to the author of the report, the most challenging issues of CKP and UNU development include: – inadequate capacity building rates and modest performance of the core centers and facilities due to low research activity of potential R&D customers; – conlict of interest between CKP/UNU and their back-up organizations, which are primarily interested to use their centers and facilities for internal research with whatever resources remain to meet orders of external users;76 Круглый стол – reluctance of CKP and UNU staff to provide services, which may not include a research component; – unreasonable indicators of CKP/UNU capacity and performance, which relect performance of back-up organizations instead. To remedy the speciied problems, the speaker suggests: – to speed up the process of legal recognition for CKP and UNU status criteria and to perform conformance inspection of these items of scientiic infrastructure and eliminate those CKP and UNU, which were established just to get access to public funds; – to expand CKP status beyond the scope of research institutions for independent legal units with competitive research equipment and highly skilled research staff; – to include CKP/UNU performance indicators into the list of performance indicators of back-up organizations in an attempt to promote CKP and UNU activities ...
The authors analyze features of a political decision to reform the governance arrangements of public institutions; Institutionalizing norms and values of a political solution; epistemological ability of the subject to see the changes taking place and understand the usefulness of the object of these changes; problem of interpretation of freedom of political decisions and the focus of the authorities to solve public problems.
The purpose of the research: development of mechanisms for optimizing the quality management system of education at various levels in the digital environment based on methods of working with big data.
The author of this article relies on the premise that strategic management is the highest function of any government, with it being implemented by government bodies through a system of government strategic planning, as well as a specific type of administrative activity – developing and executing strategies, as well as national projects and programs. In essence strategies are normatively burdened formalized priorities, goals and tasks associated with the development of Russia and its regions in the long term. These strategies are meant to be an effective means of implementing relevant government policy, to serve as a source of compromise for society and to ensure purposeful action when it comes to a multitude of social subjects cooperating with each other in order to attain the results in mind. You can tell that there is a problem in organizing government strategic management by the fact that we are dealing with a constant increase in territorial disproportions in the socio-economic, socio-cultural development of Russia's cities and regions, as well as the population's indifference towards strategies, federal and regional projects. Among the factors which limit government bodies' capacity to execute plans for social development is a multitude of various systems of social management in place on a regional and municipal level which do not allow for implementing linear correlations when it comes to administration. Furthermore, internal determination is a factor in developing territorially localized communities, which is when the behavior of any given social group is defined not so much by external factors or administrative pressure, but rather by the actual nature of internal relationships, by recollection of past situations, rules of cooperation for social subjects, life plans and life strategies of individuals and social groups. Solving the problem of organizing government strategic planning systems and ensuring control over the course of Russian society's development is linked, in the author's opinion, to revealing those social factors and phenomena which define how appropriate certain innovations are for any given local community, figure out whether the planned results are achievable on a regional level, and to choosing such methods of administrative pressure that the social group in question will be susceptible to. Based on the empirical data, the author of this article argues that there is a connection between the population's attitude towards the system of government strategic management and a region's level of development (according to Nikolai Lapin's classification), while insisting that the differentiation of regions based on their level of modernization is vital information when it comes to differentiating structures and functions of government bodies in regards to strategic planning and choosing regulative mechanisms (from management and handling resources to normative-value and institutional management).
The subject of the research is management systems used in construction organizations and methods of decision support while choosing the system of management. The purpose of the work is to offer a method of decision support for managing a construction organization when choosing a transition to a process management approach or a project-oriented management approach. The article emphasizes the relevance of improving the quality of enterprise management in construction industry, and provides an overview of domestic and foreign literature on improving management methods. The study substantiates the need for a method to support decision-making while shifting to a new management system. The authors propose a method based on the evaluation criteria obtained through a survey of the company's management. The proposed method helps managers and founders to make a decision concerning the choice of management system and warns against erroneous decisions and losses associated with the introduction of a management system "inefficient" for the construction company.
This article makes a research of current trends in the investment of pension savings of citizens, transferred to the trust management of the state management company Vnesheconombank, non-state pension funds and private management companies for the period from 2005 to 2017. The dynamics of the market value of their investment portfolios have traced. The main periods of similar dynamics of the increase in the value of the analysed investment portfolios have highlighted. The main factors determining this dynamic have identified. The structure of investing pension savings by these entities in various types of assets - government and corporate securities, deposits and accounts of credit organizations has presented. The dynamics of changes in the structure of assets for the period 2005-2017, and the investment strategy of each of the subjects of investment of pension savings during the analyzed period have evaluated.The article considers the effectiveness of investing pension savings not only from the standpoint of protecting pension savings from inflationary losses, but also from the point of view of the loss-making activity of the state management company Vnesheconombank, non-state pension funds and private management companies. The data on the total amount of losses according to the results of investment for the study period have provided. The author has made conclusions about the ratio of profitability and risk of investing pension savings in various types of assets. The research revealed key trends in the development of the compulsory pension insurance system in exercising the trust management of the state management company Vneshekonombank, non-state pension funds and private management companies using pension savings of citizens over a 13-year period since the start of trust management of pension savings. ; Исследованы современные тенденции инвестирования средств пенсионных накоплений граждан, переданные в доверительное управление государственной управляющей компании «Внешэкономбанк», негосударственным пенсионным фондам и частным управляющим компаниям за период с 2005 г. по 2017 г. Прослежена динамика рыночной стоимости их инвестиционных портфелей. Выделены основные периоды сходной динамики прироста стоимости анализируемых инвестиционных портфелей. Выявлены основные факторы, определившие данную динамику. Представлена структура инвестирования пенсионных накоплений данными субъектами в различные виды активов: государственные и корпоративные ценные бумаги, депозиты и счета кредитных организаций. Оценена динамика изменения структуры активов за период с 2005 г. по 2017 г., а также стратегия инвестирования каждого из субъектов инвестирования пенсионных накоплений за анализируемый период. Эффективность инвестирования пенсионных накоплений рассмотрена не только с позиции защиты пенсионных накоплений от инфляционных потерь, но и с точки зрения убыточности деятельности государственной управляющей компании «Внешэкономбанк», негосударственных пенсионных фондов и частных управляющих компаний. Приведены данные об общей сумме убытков по результатам инвестирования за исследуемый период. Сделаны выводы о соотношении доходности и риска вложения пенсионных накоплений в различные виды активов. В результате проведенного исследования выявлены ключевые тенденции развития системы обязательного пенсионного страхования при осуществлении функций доверительного управления государственной управляющей компании «Внешэкономбанк», негосударственных пенсионных фондов и частных управляющих компаний средствами пенсионных накоплений граждан за 13-летний период с момента начала доверительного управления средствами пенсионных накоплений.
The article focuses on the features of University risk-management. The article shows the groups of the risks in higher education, which are based on the risk-management theory and international ISO%standards of risk-management and quality management. The author grounds the following risks for Universities: personnel risks, contingent risks, image-risks, procedural risks, management risks, innovative risks, industrial risks, financial risks, social risks, governmental risks and risks of organizations. They can be divided into three groups: inside, outside and edge risks. The author also describes three levels of managerial decision at University: the top management level, the level of a chair or a department, the level of a teacher or employee. The groups of risks were explained on every managerial level. The author comes to the conclusion that collective risk management is the most effective way to manage the risks and to improve higher education quality. ; В статье рассмотрены особенности использования положений риск-менеджмента в сфере управления качеством высшего образования. На основе общей теории риск-менеджмента, а также международных стандартов управления рисками и управления качеством серии ISO выделены и описаны группы внутренних, внешних и пограничных рисков вуза: кадровые, контингент-риски, имидж-риски, процессуальные, организационные, инновационные, технико-производственные, финансовые, социальные, риски государства, риски общества, риски предприятий и организаций. Описаны уровни принятия управленческих решений относительно улучшения качества образовательных услуг вуза - уровень ректората, уровень кафедры/факультета/отдела, уровень преподавателя/сотрудника. Кроме того, раскрыто проявление групп рисков на каждом уровне. В заключение статьи автором обоснован вывод о необходимости коллективной работы по управлению рисками в вузе для достижения высокого качества образования.
The object of this master thesis is the European Union legal regime for the protection of special categories of personal data. The goal of the thesis is to explore the existing European Union data protection law with a particular focus on special categories of personal data, the rules and principles governing the processing of such kinds of information. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the key stages in the evolution of the European Union data protection law in order to understand its initial interrelatedness with privacy and track down the emergence of special categories of data; to detect and describe the current legal standards applying to the processing of special categories of data; and to discern the process of the implementation of these legal standards in practice of the Member States using the examples of two most relevant types of data, namely biometric data and data related to health. The usage of such methods as doctrinal research, retrospective and legal historical method, comparative method, monitoring and analysis of the case law led to a conclusion that the protection of the special categories of personal data in the European Union can be deemed highly effective in light of how the applicable legal standards are flexible enough to meet all the relevant challenges. However, the degree of its effectiveness is nowhere near absolute, since there are evident discrepancies when it comes to the practical implementation of these standards in the Member States, which inevitably results in a lack of legal certainty. The proposed solution to this problem is the adoption of an additional legal act focusing solely on the special categories of data, introducing stricter standards for its retention and processing.
The object of this master thesis is the European Union legal regime for the protection of special categories of personal data. The goal of the thesis is to explore the existing European Union data protection law with a particular focus on special categories of personal data, the rules and principles governing the processing of such kinds of information. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the key stages in the evolution of the European Union data protection law in order to understand its initial interrelatedness with privacy and track down the emergence of special categories of data; to detect and describe the current legal standards applying to the processing of special categories of data; and to discern the process of the implementation of these legal standards in practice of the Member States using the examples of two most relevant types of data, namely biometric data and data related to health. The usage of such methods as doctrinal research, retrospective and legal historical method, comparative method, monitoring and analysis of the case law led to a conclusion that the protection of the special categories of personal data in the European Union can be deemed highly effective in light of how the applicable legal standards are flexible enough to meet all the relevant challenges. However, the degree of its effectiveness is nowhere near absolute, since there are evident discrepancies when it comes to the practical implementation of these standards in the Member States, which inevitably results in a lack of legal certainty. The proposed solution to this problem is the adoption of an additional legal act focusing solely on the special categories of data, introducing stricter standards for its retention and processing.
