Suchergebnisse

Currently a vast number of scientific publications in Russia and abroad are devoted to the phenomenon of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Success factors of the Agency are usually identified as: a recruitment policy of research managers, scientific resources of the Agency's contractors, unique super-system of the DARPA's external environment and significant costs of R&D initiatives spent by the US Department of Defense. At the same time, systems engineering and technical assistance (SETA) contracting in the implementation of DARPA's high-risk projects have been neglected as a rule by the time. This paper describes the role of SETA-support contractors in ensuring the success of DARPA's ambitious projects and the impact of government contracts technical support on perspective defense R&D programs. The SETA rate in total R&D expenditures of DARPA are evaluated as 7,4-9,9%. Finally, the possibility of implementation of best practices and experiences of SETA system utilization for technological support of perspective high-risk R&D programs for governmental Russian agencies is analyzed. Note: Downloadable document is available in Russian.

The article considers the role of sociological data in solving issues of effective management of social processes. The conclusion of necessity for use of social research results in day-to-day practical activity of general and local government, especially at decision making regarding interests of a specific population group, is proved on the basis of analysis of etnosocial consequences of modern liberal-market reforms. ; В статье рассматривается роль социологических данных в решении задач эффективного управления социальными процессами. На основе анализа этносоциальных последствий современных либерально-рыночных реформ обосновывается вывод о необходимости использования результатов социологических исследований в повседневной практической деятельности органов государственного и муниципального управления, особенно при принятии решений, затрагивающих интересы конкретных групп населения.

Analyzing the practices of development, application and research in managerial
social technologies, the author reveals a number of essential problems in their further
development. The revealed problems are combined into three groups: the problems of
theory and methodology, the problems of development and the problem of practical
application. Basing on the analysis of modern managerial social technologies, the
author suggests comprehensive and universal classification that uses the two criteria:
the content of technology and its functional relevance. The applied research taken by
the author and described in the article reveals that managerial social technologies as a
phenomenon are widespread in contemporary managerial practice. However the
practice is irregular and not systematic, while its efficiency is still low.

The article discusses the definition of a professional thinking in design, on
which the formation, the embodiment of the project and implementation of the ideas
of the customer is based. The article is proposed to teach students the proper approach to the appearance and presentation of the professional and educational
works.

Introduction. The article reflects the results of monitoring the scientific activity performance of organizations performing research, develop- ment and technological work for civilian use in 2015–2018. The monitoring was carried out in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 312 dated April 8, 2009. Monitoring Tools. Comparative analysis is the methodological basis. A systematic approach to studying the results of scientific activities of organizations, a structuralfunctional method, etc. are used in the work. The article reflects the monitoring results for 1,187 organizations whose information has been verified. The results are presented in the format of diagrams and tables containing information on publication activity, scientific human resources, financial support of research and development, and cost effectiveness from the use of the results of intellectual activity. Results. In terms of publication activity, there was a noticeable increase in the average number of publications in journals indexed by Web of Science and Scopus per employee in the field of research and development. However, the average number of publications in journals indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index has declined. Monitoring of the state of science personnel showed a 29 % decrease in the number of researchers relative to the 2015 level. At the same time, the share of auxiliary personnel and other employees in the structure of personnel engaged in research and development increased. In terms of the structure of financial support for scientific activity, two opposing trends were identified: the share of state commission in organizations most often is either dominant or is absent or occupies no more than 20 %. In turn, the share of extrabudgetary sources, which amounted to about a third of total funding in 2015–2017, in 2018 increased to 42 %. The results of monitoring the cost effectiveness of the use of the results of intellectual activity indicate a steady decline in this indicator: in 2018, it ...

In modern conditions, the urban community is increasingly being formed on the principle of hierarchy, which includes many relatively autonomous, but interdependent groups: state and municipal governments, business communities and public organizations representing the population various segments interests. As a result, heterogeneous information and communication flows are formed between groups. Successful management of these flows is one of the optimal modern city's development factors – the comfortable urban environment formation. However, the academic discourse has no approach to the proactive telecommunication systems management, suitable for technical basis for the Smart City concept implementation. The article presents the authors' approach to the telecommunication systems proactive management, based on the simulation technology and data mining use in the Smart City concept's development context using the applied system analysis perspective. The proposed approach is aimed at solving the following problems: pre-processing a large amount of data using a complex of methods and algorithms Data Science; identifying the most meaningful causal relationships in the system, conducting simulation experiments to formulate an effective strategy for telecommuni­cation services proactive management, consolidating the results as part of the prototype creation of an intelligent interactive decision support system for telecommuni­cation systems proactive management. It seems that the proposed approach can be successfully used as the basis for conducting comprehensive research on the effective proactive procedures implementation for the innovative management of urban smart objects. ; В современных условиях городское сообщество все больше формируется по принципу гетерархии, включающей в себя множество относительно автономных, но взаимозависимых групп: органы государственного и муниципального управления, бизнес-сообщества и общественные организации, представляющие интересы различных слоев населения. Как результат – между группами формируются гетерогенные информа­ционные и коммуникационные потоки, успешное управ­ление которыми является одним из факторов оптималь­ного развития современного города, формирования комфортной городской среды. Однако в академическом дискурсе не складывается единого подхода к проактивному управлению телекоммуника­цион­ными системами, являющимися техническим базисом при реализации концепции «Умный город». В статье представ­лен подход авторов к проактивному управлению телеком­муника­ционными системами, базирующийся на использовании технологий имитацион­ного моделирования и методов интеллектуального анализа данных в контексте развития концепции «Умный город» (Smart City) с позиции прикладного системного анализа.Предлагаемый подход ориентирован на решение следующих задач: предобработка большого объема данных при помощи комплекса методов и алгоритмов Data Science; выявление наиболее содержательных причинно-след­ственных связей в системе, проведение имитационных экспериментов для формирования эффективной стратегии проактивного управления телеком­муни­кационными серви­сами, консолидация полученных результатов в рамках создания прототипа интеллектуальной интерактивной системы поддержки принятия решений в области проактивного управления телекоммуникацион­ными системами. Представляется, что предлагаемый подход может служить основой для проведения комплексных исследований по реализации эффективных процедур проактивного управления инновационными объектами умной городской среды.

In recent years, domestic and foreign outsourcing practice was widespread. In
the transition to outsourcing there are difficulties associated with the practical organization of the interaction between the customer and the performer. An algorithm
of management of the relationship with the performer (outsourcer). Particular attention is given to the criteria for evaluation of potential contractors.

В статье на основе анализа внутриполитических процессов, катализированных смертью Дж. Флойда в мае 2020 г., проанализированы факторы, влияющие на обострение расисткой проблематики в США. Показаны причины и последствия канализации расового вопроса в волну по сносу памятников солдатам и генералам Конфедерации. Монументоборчество в США рассмотрено не только как проявление вандализма, стремления переписать историю страны, как реакция на происходящее в политической сфере, но и в семантическом проблемном поле – как акты борьбы со старыми символами, и демонстрация готовности разрыва со старым порядком. Спрогнозированы перспективы зарождения на основе серии актов по сносу памятников движения, порождающего новые образы, которые могут быть мощными агентами социальных изменений. Кроме того, проанализирована позиция местных властей в отношении сноса памятников, их стремление удержать процедуры демонтажа в правовом русле.