Suchergebnisse

The aim of this study is to try to explain the factors that can cause the regret experience and the positive and negative attitudes that may develop as a result of the regret experience. This aim has been tried to be achieved through the data obtained from individuals with managerial experience. In the research, the phenomenology design within the scope of the qualitative method was preferred. Data were obtained using structured interview (N=29) and focus group interview (N=5) techniques. Participants consist of 34 people with managerial experience in different provinces and sectors. In the research, descriptive analysis and content analysis were applied, and the necessary criteria for validity and reliability were provided. As a result of the analysis, regrets that create negative attitudes towards work 5 themes and 19 codes; regrets creating a positive attitude were represented by 3 themes and 11 codes. The findings were discussed within the scope of the literature, and suggestions were developed for future research.

Avrupa Senedi ile telaffuz edilmeye baslayan Avrupa Birligi içinde ortak bir dıs politika gelistirme iradesi, 1990'lı yıllarda hem uluslararası sistemde hem de Avrupa Birligi sisteminde ortaya çıkan yeni olgular temelinde hızlanarak, Maastricht Antlasması'nın imzalanmasının ardından Ortak Dıs Politika ve Güvenlik Politikasının olusturulmasının kabul edilmesiyle, somut bir görünüm kazanmıstır. Avrupa Birligi, Ortak Dıs Politika ve Güvenlik Politikası'nın dogal bir uzantısı olarak, Avrupa Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikasının gelistirilmesini de burada kabul etmislerdir. Bu dogrultuda, çalısmalar hızlandırılmıs, Amsterdam ve Nice Antlasmaları ile AGSP'na iliskin sistemin gerekli araç ve yeteneklere kavusturulması saglanmaya çalısılmıstır. Bu süreç devam ederken Avrupa Birligi içerisinde, Türkiye'nin 1987'de tam üyelik basvurusuyla yeni bir görünüme kavusan iliskiler, 1990'lı ve 2000'li yıllarda ortaya çıkan gelismeler ısıgında Avrupa Birligi'nin Genisleme Politikası, ODGP ve AGSP ile de baglantılı hale gelmistir. Son dönemde Türkiye ve Avrupa Birligi arasındaki iliskileri etkileyen en önemli konulardan birisi olan AGSP, kültür ve kimlik açılımları da içermektedir. Türkiye'nin gelistirilmeye çalısılan AGSP'na olan yaklasımı, kaygıları ve bu politikaya getirecegi açılımlar, hem uluslararası etkenler hem bölgesel dinamikler hem de tarafların dıs politik çıkarları ve güvenlik algılamaları dogrultusunda islenecektir. Ulusüstü bir deger dagıtım sistemi olarak, siyasal bütünlesme sürecini tamamlama yolundaki Avrupa Birligi'nin, ortak yarar temelinde, ortak degerler ve normlar dogrultusunda gelistirmeye çalıstıgı AGSP'nın, bölgesel ve küresel etkileri ile Türkiye'nin buradaki konumu, kamuoyu destegi, siyasi irade ve dıs politika gelismeleri ele alınarak incelenecektir. ; Development of a common foreign and security policy in the EU, was emphasized with the Single European Act in1986. Process of development a common foreign policy accelerated in 1990's. In this era, some radical changes occurred in international system, such as declining Soviet power and communist system, existing new independent states, transformation process of Central European countries. The EU, as a supranational system and as a global actor, was affected from all these developments and started rethinking its strategic interests and security aims. With signing Maastricht Treaty, Europeans accepted to designing a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and also, to took responsibilities of creating a credible European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). ESDP is being created as a dimension of the Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy. Relevant with these developments, the EU began strengthening its identity and own statue at global and regional level. Arrangements of Amsterdam and Nice Treaties, aimed to provide assets and capabilities which are necessary to development a credible Foreign and Security policy in the EU. The EU is eager to be part of the picture whenever security problems arise in Europe. Since the Turkish full membership application to the EC in 1987, relations between two parties gained a new phase. Turkey and the European Union relations were affected by European Union Enlargement Policy, CFSP and ESDP. These there policy areas of the EU have strong cultural roots and identity dimensions. So, the Turkish concerns and opinions according to integration, enlargement process of EU and its position according to ESDP were examined in the basis of international effects, regional dynamics, political interests and security perceptions.

DOI:10.17336/igusbd.80098 ; Bu çalışma post bürokrasiyle demokrasinin ilişkisini incelemeyi hedefler. Demokrasi ile bürokrasinin arasındaki temas ne düzeydedir ve post bürokrasi bu ilişkiyi nasıl etkileyecektir? Bunu yaparken de bürokrasi, postmodernizm ve yönetim kavramları incelenmiş ve yeni yönetim anlayışıyla birlikte değişen bürokratik yapı da analiz edilmiştir. Postbürokrasi sayesinde bürokrasinin hantal yapısı değiştirilebilir ve devlet yönetiminde maksimum fayda minimum maliyet analizi yapılabilir. Halkın egemenlik gücüne sahip olduğu bir yönetim şekli olan demokrasi, bürokratik yapı ile siyasal egemenlik mücadelesine girmiştir. Bürokrasi; gücü sınırlandırıldığı, şeffaf, hesap verebilir ve birey odaklı bir hale getirildiği yani postbürokrasiye dönüştüğü sürece demokrasinin gelişimine ve işleyişine fayda sağlayacaktır. ; The question of this study is to analyze the origin of post-bureaucracy and its relationship with democracy. What is the level of connection between bureaucracy and democracy and how will post-bureaucracy affect this relationship? To understand this connection, first of all we had to know the meaning of these concepts, and then we had to analyze bureaucratic structure which is changed by the new management approach. Bulky bureaucratic structure can be changed and maximum benefit at minimum cost can achieved by the help of post-bureaucracy. There is a struggle between democracy which has the power of community, and the bureaucracy which wants to have political sovereignty. If limited bureaucratic structure, more bureaucratic transparency and accountability and more people-oriented management can be provided; then bureaucracy can be post- bureaucracy and can help to democratic process.

Internal auditing is a collection of activities performed to bring value to corporate operations. It is critical for organizations to have effective and efficient internal control in order to continue their operations and compete with rivals. The management of the firms is also responsible for the implementation and monitoring of effective audit operations. Therefore, top management must be thorough and open in their approach to internal audits. As a result, internal audit efforts are critical for businesses.
This study was conducted from a management standpoint to establish the elements that actively contribute to the effectiveness of effective internal audit activity in organizations. The efficacy of audit units in organizations, the quality of audit work, organizational independence, career advancement prospects, and senior management support for the internal audit unit were all attempted to be assessed using the criteria. In the study, he conducted face-to-face interviews with enterprises in the Diyarbakir Organized Industrial Zone. The research found that the competency of internal auditors in firms, the quality of audit work, organizational independence, and career advancement prospects existed and that enterprises had a statistically significant and beneficial influence on the efficacy of audit units. However, statistical analysis revealed that there is no relevant association between the businesses' senior management's support and the efficacy of the enterprises' internal audit units and that the enterprises have no influence on the performance of the internal audit units.

In parallel with the rapid advancement of technology, the increasing use of smartphones causes some problems. "Nomophobia", which refers to the state of being away from the cell phone or having connection problems, is one of these problems. The aim of this study is to examine whether the level of nomophobia of academicians teaching at a university located in the west of Türkiye differs significantly in terms of age, gender, academic title and marital status variables. The sample of the study consisted of 205 academicians working at the university who voluntarily participated in the study. In the data collection process of the study, a questionnaire was used to determine the level of nomophobia. Data analysis of the study was carried out using independent sample t-test and analysis of variance test. The results of the analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the participants' general nomophobia levels and nomophobia dimensions in terms of gender, marital status and academic title variables, while there was a significant difference between the categories of age variable. Considering the findings of the study, it can be said that it is very important to understand how nomophobia questionnaire scores differ according to demographic characteristics in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of academicians and to develop new strategies in this direction.

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin dış ilişkilerde sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik kalkınma modellemesini yaygınlaştırarak uluslararası konjonktürde etkililiği'ni artırma hedeflerinde temel amacın ne oranda gerçekleştiğini incelemeye yönelik planlanmıştır. Türkiye'nin daha barışçıl dünya düzeninin inşasında ve korunmasında uluslararası aktör olarak etkililiği'nin ölçümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 1980'ler sonrası yeni dünya düzeni arayışlarında, salt bölgesel değil küresel karar verici olma potansiyelini uluslararası ilişkiler aracılığıyla sürekli artırma hedeflerinde Türkiye'nin bu amaçla yürütmekte olduğu çalışmaların son dönemlerde daha da ön plana alınmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Bilindiği üzere, bugün artık küreselleşme sürecinin aktörlerinden biri olabilmek demokrasi kültürüne sahip olmayı gerekli koşul saymaktadır. Küresel sürecin beraberinde getirdiği yeni demokrasi anlayışı da devletlerarası işbirliğini ve temel özgürlüklere saygıyı esas almaktadır. Hatta küreselleşme sürecinde ekonomik ve siyasal ilişkileri demokrasi ve insan haklarından bağımsız ele almak mümkün olamamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, ekonomik ve siyasal istikrarın ve gelişimin en önemli dayanağını oluşturan demokrasi, küreselleşmenin de en güvenilir altyapısını hazırlamaktadır. Türkiye de, küresel politikalarla istikrarlı bir şekilde demokratik yükselişte etkililiğini artırma gayreti içindedir. Bu ivmenin genel anlamda daha da yükselebilmesi için gereksinim duyulan bilimsel verilere daha sistemli ulaşabilmek adına bu çalışmaya girişilmiştir. Kamu diplomasisine yönelik model oluşturma gayesi taşımaktadır. Metodolojik sınırlama gereği, ülkenin yatırımlarından ve tarihsel bağlarından ötürü Orta Asya'da Kırgızistan özelinde sistematize edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu alanda sistematik bir çalışma olarak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Kırgızistan'da Türkiye algısı nasıl oluşmuştur, ne şekilde inşa edilmiştir sorgulamasına niceliksel istatistiki veriler aracılığıyla ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Genel anlamda, Türkiye ile ilgili olumlu algılamalara ilişkin bulgulara erişilmiş olunmasına rağmen, düzeyin Türkiye'nin Kırgızistan'a yönelik kalkınma yardımları ve yürüttüğü kamu diplomasisi dolayımında olması gereken yükseklikte olmadığı da tespit edilmiş, sonuçtaki öneriler de bu duruma yönelik oluşturulmuştur. ; A state's international communication activity has played a very important role in strengthening its image and respect for the world public opinion. Regardless of the basic goal of a nation, the prestige of the nation, its strong recognition in other words, is sometimes the most important factor for the success of its foreign policy. For this reason, respect in politics for a rational foreign policy is indispensable. In our time when power struggle has come out of a struggle with traditional methods such as pressure and military force and has become a much wider struggle of people, prestige has become a very important weapon. There is no doubt that the main purpose of political and cultural promotion in the international arena is to support the external politics that are motivated. For this reason, it is necessary to treat general and long-term promotion politics as a whole of planned actions to improve the reputation of a country and to improve its overall appearance in the world. When we approach to the subject from the point of view of Turkey, it is important to emphasize that since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, such activities are carried out within a "peaceful" foreign policy. From the standpoint of foreign policy, Turkey has struggled to be in the breakthroughs that can always be regarded as a political equilibrium, especially in its region. The international system is restructured by communication and information movements. In this sense, public diplomacy has become one of the indispensable elements of international strategic communication management because of the importance of agenda-affecting ability. That is why today, almost every developed and developing state has a goal of progress, the state places great importance on acting towards active public diplomacy in order to create a 'positive image' for them in the eyes of foreign public circles. Diplomacy is the knowledge and art of managing relations between states and these relations meticulously. In its broadest sense, it can be defined as the whole of the independent states, that is, the relations between the basic units of the international system and the methods used. Diplomacy is aimed at meeting the opponents, finding their own ideas and proposals, or finding a common solution. Prior to World War II, diplomacy aimed at states that were the sovereign actors of the purely international system. After World War II, emergence of international organizations and civil society organizations as new actors of international relations and emerging communication technologies seem to have changed traditional diplomacy. The possibilities and opportunities obtained by the production, collection, sorting and distribution of the information by a great deal of breadth, ease and speed have also started to be used in the field of diplomacy. This innovation in communication technologies has brought the issue of not only the states but also the peoples of the states to be subject to diplomatic activities. This changing diplomatic environment brings together the concept of 'soft power'. Joseph Nye's soft power, which was further expanded in 2004 by the Soft Power book published in 1990 with the Bound to Lead book and the literary book, is the attainment of the wishes of a nation in world politics, by observing the countries that admire its values, exemplify it, care for its prosperity and opportunities. It is important not only to force others to change using military threats or economic sanctions, but to create agendas in world politics and to attract them as well. Soft power is to make sure others want the results you want and is to attract people instead of pushing them away. Therefore, soft power is the ability to attract others, to win their hearts and minds. Public diplomacy is also one of the most important elements of fine power today, when international politics is in a pragmatic course towards the soft power from hard power. Public diplomacy has to be seen as the sum of the programs that will support the diffusion of cultural and national values. Besides public diplomacy heals the image in foreign countries. In this study is planned to investigate the main purpose of Turkey in the aim of increasing the effectiveness in international conjuncture by expanding social, cultural and economic development model in foreign relations. It is aimed to measure Turkey's effectiveness as an international actor in the construction and protection of a more peaceful world order. Turkey is aiming to continually increase its potential to become a global decision-maker, not just a regional, in the quest for new world order after the 1980s, through international relations. It is seen that the studies that are being carried out for this purpose have begun to be taken more prominently in recent periods. As it is known, today it is necessary to have a democracy culture to become one of the actors of the globalization process. The new understanding of democracy brought about by the global process is based on respect for interstate cooperation and fundamental freedoms. Even in the process of globalization, economic and political relations can not be handled independently of democracy and human rights. Therefore, democracy, which constitutes the most important basis of economic and political stability and development, is also preparing the most reliable infrastructure of globalization. Turkey is also striving to increase its effectiveness with a stable democratic rise through global policies. This work has been undertaken in order to achieve a more systematic approach to the scientific data needed to increase this rate in general terms. It aims to create a model for public diplomacy. Because of the methodological limitations, it was systematized in Central Asia for Kyrgyzstan, due to the investments and historical ties of the country. Therefore, this field is of great importance as a systematic study. In this context, it has been tried to reach the question of how the perception of Turkey has been formed and how it has been constructed in Kyrgyzstan through quantitative statistical data. In general, it has been found that despite the fact that positive perceptions related to Turkey have been reached, Turkey has not been at the height required for development aid for Kyrgyzstan and the public diplomacy it conducted, and the resulting proposals are aimed at this situation.

Günümüzde çevre bilinci dünyada, Avrupa da ve Türkiye de hızla gelişmektedir. Bu bilinç artık Avrupa Birliğine üyelik yolunda Türkiye için bir gereklilik olduğu kadar, küreselleşen dünya piyasasında var olmanın bir standardı olma yolundadır. Bu çalışma ile İskenderun bölge sanayisisinin gelişen Türk ve Avrupa Birliği Çevre Mevzuatlarına uyumu araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın teorik bölümünde; Avrupa ve Dünyada çevre bilincinin gelişimi ve bu paralellikle Türkiye'deki çevre bilincinin gelişimi özetlenmiş, Endüstriyel Çevre Konusundaki Avrupa Birliği ve Türk mevzuatı incelenmiştir. Pratik bölümde ise; teorik çalışma ile elde edilen temel bilgilerin, Yerel Yetkililer, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve fabrikaların yetkililerine yapılan anket çalışması ile İskenderun Bölgesinde uygulama ve yaklaşımı araştırılmıştır. Anket çalışmalarının sonunda; Türk Kanunları ile yapılan düzenlemelerin uygulamada bir formalite gibi kağıt üzerinde olduğu, ancak gerçekte uygulanmadığı görülmüştür. Avrupa Birliği yönerge ve tüzüklerine ise herhangi bir uyum zorunluluğu olmadığından; bu konuda bir çalışma yapılmadığı gözlenmiştir. ; Nowadays, environmental consciousness is spreading out in the world, Europe as well as Turkey. This consciousness is not only one of the requirement for Turkey on the way of membership to European Union, and also being a standard to be a member of the Global Market. By this study, the adaptation of Iskenderun Industrial region to developing Turkish and European Union laws of environmental regulations are searched. In the theoretical part of the study; the development of environment consciousness in the World, Europe as well as Turkey is summarized. European and Turkish Industrial Pollution regulations are investigated In the practical part; the developing of the applications to the information at the theoretical part is searched at the Iskenderun Industrial region by applied questionnaires to the local authorities , to Non Government Organizations and also to environment responsibilities of the factories. From this survey results; The application of the Turkish regulations are considered as formalities on the papers, but has no real application. Since it is not obligatory to full fill and apply the Environmental European Union regulations and laws yet; no application on that field has been found.