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The article considers the theoretical aspect of journalistic investigation genre features in the information space. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of modern journalists (V. Ivanov and O. Dudko, A. Babinets, G. Kryvosheya, V. Zdoroveha, O. Tertychniy, V. Karpenko, and others). The reception of the mentioned researchers' scientific works made it possible to distinguish specific features of analytical genres, including journalistic investigations. The article emphasizes that the so-called "Watergate case" (from the name of the Washington hotel "Watergate", which houses the headquarters of the Democratic Party), founded by the correspondents of The Washington Post, was on the way to the formation of investigative journalism genre. The journalistic investigation changed the course of history and since has taken priority positions among the most prestigious genres of independent media in America and later in European countries. And first of all, because that journalists in these countries were protected by the existing level of democracy. It is outlined that during the period of independence development from the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century, Ukraine has experienced many political and social scandals, during which dozens of officials were forced to resign in disgrace. Basically, the root cause for the discovery of cases was journalistic investigations. Of course, for certain circles, in particular, those involved in big politics, power, business, the intrusion of journalists into these areas, which are mostly semi-closed to the general public, has always been undesirable. It is concluded that after the Revolution of Dignity, investigative journalism became one of the main genres of Ukrainian journalism. This genre fulfills a huge social mission: it aims to expose injustice, violations of the law, or even crimes that are ignored by law enforcement agencies.

The growing popularity of comics in Ukraine and worldwide increases scientific attention to this type of information product. The article is devoted to generalising the leading tendencies in the Comics Study and researching comics in modern humanities. Based on the study devoted to comics professional publications, profile resources of world comics research centres and the current state of understanding the phenomenon of comics magazines and Internet resources, application of review-analytical, historical-chronological, dialectical, socio-communication, and content analysis methods has been detected that the syncretic nature of comics made them a research subject in various sciences and programme subject areas: literary studies, linguistics, cultural study, art history, history, political science, and others. Leading research centres of Comics Study are the International Comic Art Forum, the British Consortium of Comic Researchers, the Comics Research Hub of the University of the Arts, the Canadian Society for the Study of Comics, the Society for Comics Researchers (USA). The educational direction of Comics Studies has been represented by bachelor's, master's, and doctoral (doctor of philosophy) educational programs in higher education institutions of different countries: the University of Florida, University of Toronto, University of California Santa Cruz, University of Portland, West University, University Dundee, Teesside University, Lancaster University (UK), Kyoto Seika University (Japan). The growth of scientific knowledge in Comics Study, on the one hand, and on the other hand - the predominance of interdisciplinary approach in the studies necessitated the establishment of special scientific journals dedicated to comics, such as the Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics, Studies in Comics, European Comic Art. In Ukraine, the study of comics at the dissertation level took place in the dimension of pedagogy and philology. However, some scientific research on comics is available in journalism, press studies, ...

The article is devoted to the study of evidence in administrative proceedings. The article thoroughly examines the doctrinal and legislative approaches to understanding the concept of evidence. Scientists have justified the identification of evidence with information used in administrative proceedings to establish the presence or absence of certain facts. The author determines the evidence based on the researched approaches of scientists and the current administrative procedural legislation. The importance of defining a particular process of proof as a complex multi-activity in administrative proceedings is examined. It is concluded that the process of proving in administrative proceedings consists in collecting by the participants of the process any data collected legally, guided by which the court should establish the presence or absence of circumstances and facts in the case, which will become the basis for the court to make a lawful, justified and justified decision. on the case. In addition, the process of proof is interpreted as the mental activity of all participants in the proceedings, which aims to transform the established facts into the status of evidence in the case. The author establishes the existence of stages of the process of evidence in administrative proceedings, namely the collection and presentation of evidence, the examination of evidence, the process of proof at the stage of trial and evaluation of evidence. The author explores that the starting point of proof is the collection and presentation of evidence. The main stage of evidence - the study of evidence - is characterized in the context of its theoretical and normative substantiation. The article identifies ways of examining the evidence and states that it is implemented in a certain sequence. The author identifies as the next logical step the sequential transition from one fact to another with the help of the presented evidence, which is one or another form of presentation of established facts.

RESEARCH ON ACUTE TOXICITY "CHONDROSUT" DRUGV. L. Karbovsky1, I. A. Shevchuk1, T. Ye. Makovska2, O. A. Makovskyi1LLC «Biofarma», Bila Tserkva1,Main Military Medical Hospital, Kyiv2Introduction. One of the most common locomotor system disease that is suffered, according to WHO data, by up to 80% of population aged 50-60 years, is osteoarthritis – a chronic degenerative-dystrophic arthropathy, which is characterized by a progressing articular cartilage degradation, epiphyse remodeling, osteophyte development and fixed joint deformity at the advanced stages of the disease. A characteristic feature of the cartilaginous destruction in osteoarthritis is the loss by the matrix of the superficial, intermediate and deep zones of glucosaminoglycans – chondroitin sulphate (CS), keratin sulphate, hyaluronic acid. Among the chondroprotective agents, glucosamine and CS have the highest degree of provability and reliability of results, and therefore it is timely to put into practice new chondroprotectors ofUkraine's production, containing glucosaminglycans. A successful development and introduction of the new drugs into medical practice require a thorough preclinical research. That is why the purpose of our study was to elucidate the safety of using solution for injections "Chondrosut" by LLC "Pharmaceutical plant "Biofarma" in experiments on animals.Study methods. Toxicological characteristics of drug "Chondrosut" under the condition of its single intraperitoneal administration in a dose of 1000mg/kg were studied on the white non-pedigree rats of both sexes, weighing 180-200g. Following the use of the substances, the animals were observed for 14 days. The effect of "Chondrosut" single administration was evaluated by the indicators as follows: general condition and behavior of the rats, lethality and dynamics of the body weight changes (days 0, 3, 7 and 14). Upon completion of the experiment, after the animals have been withdrawn from the experiment by euthanasia, a macroscopic inspection of the their internals was performed and their mass coefficients were calculated.Results and discussion. Following the intraperitoneal administration of drug "Chondrosut" no symptoms of intoxication in rats of both sexes were revealed: the animals were tidy, active, reacted to the photic and sound stimuli, the processes of uropoiesis and defecation were in the norm, respiratory impairments and convulsions were not observed, reflectory excitability was preserved. Water and food consumption in the experimental group did not differ from that in the control group. Throughout the whole observation period no deaths of the animals were registered. Both in the control and experimental rats the body weight increased relative to the baseline level and was within the limits of physiologic norm, i.e. the drug "Chondrosut" possesses no toxic properties capable of exerting a strong effect on the general trophic processes in the body. When inspecting the condition of indumentums, skin, mucous membranes of physiologic ostia, as well as microscopically evaluating the condition of internals during autopsy in rats receiving "Chondrosut", no signs of irritation, inflammation or other manifestation of pathologic processes were revealed. The experimental group of rats did not differ from the control one in the size, color, consistence and location of the internals. Mass coefficients of internals of the animals injected with "Chondrosut" did not have significant changes relative to those in the control animals.ConclusionsThe results of the studies point to the fact that LD50 for drug "Chondrosut" when administered intraperiotoneally to rats is beyond the limits of 1000mg/kg. According to toxicological classification of substances, drug "Chondrosut" belong to V class of toxicity – practically nontoxic substance.ReferencesVnutrishni hvoroby / Za red. I. M. Gandzhi, V. M. Kovalenka. – Kyi'v, Zdorov'ja, 2002. – 988 s.Doklinichni doslidzhennja likars'kyh zasobiv: metodychni rekomendacii' / Za red. O. V. Stefanova. – K.: Avicena, 2001. – 528 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz: praktycheskoe rukovodstvo / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – K.: Moryon, 2003. – 448 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz. Praktychna nastanova / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – 3-tje vyd., dopov., zi zminamy – K.: MORION., 2010. – 608 s.Nejko Je. M. Suchasni ujavlennja pro patogenez deformujuchogo osteoartrozu / Je. M. Nejko, I. Ju. Golovach // Ukr. revmatol. zhurnal. – 2000. – № 1. – S. 9-12.Nomenklatura, klasyfikacija, kryterii' diagnostyky ta programy likuvannja revmatychnyh hvorob /Za red. V. M. Kovalenka, N. V. Shuby. – Kyi'v, 2004. – 156 s.Rebrova O. Ju. Statystycheskyj analyz medycynskyh dannыh. Prymenenye paketa prykladnыh programm STATISTICA / O.Ju.Rebrova – 3-e yzd. – M.: MedyaSfera, 2006. – 312 s.Bruyere O. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as therapeutic agents for knee and hip osteoarthritis / O. Bruyere, J. Y. Reginster // Drugs. Aging. – 2007. – V. 24(7). – P. 573-80.Kelly G. S. The role glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of degenerative joint disease / G. S. Kelly // Alt. Med. Rev. – 1998. – V.3 (1). - P. 27-39.EULAR evidence based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis / W. Zhang, M. Doherty, G. Peat [et al.] // Ann. Rheum. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 68, №13. – Р. 141.Uebelhart D. Clinical review of chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis / D. Uebelhart // Osteoarthritis Cartilage. – 2008. – V. 16, Suppl 3. – P. S19-21.

RESEARCH ON ACUTE TOXICITY "CHONDROSUT" DRUGV. L. Karbovsky1, I. A. Shevchuk1, T. Ye. Makovska2, O. A. Makovskyi1LLC «Biofarma», Bila Tserkva1,Main Military Medical Hospital, Kyiv2Introduction. One of the most common locomotor system disease that is suffered, according to WHO data, by up to 80% of population aged 50-60 years, is osteoarthritis – a chronic degenerative-dystrophic arthropathy, which is characterized by a progressing articular cartilage degradation, epiphyse remodeling, osteophyte development and fixed joint deformity at the advanced stages of the disease. A characteristic feature of the cartilaginous destruction in osteoarthritis is the loss by the matrix of the superficial, intermediate and deep zones of glucosaminoglycans – chondroitin sulphate (CS), keratin sulphate, hyaluronic acid. Among the chondroprotective agents, glucosamine and CS have the highest degree of provability and reliability of results, and therefore it is timely to put into practice new chondroprotectors ofUkraine's production, containing glucosaminglycans. A successful development and introduction of the new drugs into medical practice require a thorough preclinical research. That is why the purpose of our study was to elucidate the safety of using solution for injections "Chondrosut" by LLC "Pharmaceutical plant "Biofarma" in experiments on animals.Study methods. Toxicological characteristics of drug "Chondrosut" under the condition of its single intraperitoneal administration in a dose of 1000mg/kg were studied on the white non-pedigree rats of both sexes, weighing 180-200g. Following the use of the substances, the animals were observed for 14 days. The effect of "Chondrosut" single administration was evaluated by the indicators as follows: general condition and behavior of the rats, lethality and dynamics of the body weight changes (days 0, 3, 7 and 14). Upon completion of the experiment, after the animals have been withdrawn from the experiment by euthanasia, a macroscopic inspection of the their internals was performed and their mass coefficients were calculated.Results and discussion. Following the intraperitoneal administration of drug "Chondrosut" no symptoms of intoxication in rats of both sexes were revealed: the animals were tidy, active, reacted to the photic and sound stimuli, the processes of uropoiesis and defecation were in the norm, respiratory impairments and convulsions were not observed, reflectory excitability was preserved. Water and food consumption in the experimental group did not differ from that in the control group. Throughout the whole observation period no deaths of the animals were registered. Both in the control and experimental rats the body weight increased relative to the baseline level and was within the limits of physiologic norm, i.e. the drug "Chondrosut" possesses no toxic properties capable of exerting a strong effect on the general trophic processes in the body. When inspecting the condition of indumentums, skin, mucous membranes of physiologic ostia, as well as microscopically evaluating the condition of internals during autopsy in rats receiving "Chondrosut", no signs of irritation, inflammation or other manifestation of pathologic processes were revealed. The experimental group of rats did not differ from the control one in the size, color, consistence and location of the internals. Mass coefficients of internals of the animals injected with "Chondrosut" did not have significant changes relative to those in the control animals.ConclusionsThe results of the studies point to the fact that LD50 for drug "Chondrosut" when administered intraperiotoneally to rats is beyond the limits of 1000mg/kg. According to toxicological classification of substances, drug "Chondrosut" belong to V class of toxicity – practically nontoxic substance.ReferencesVnutrishni hvoroby / Za red. I. M. Gandzhi, V. M. Kovalenka. – Kyi'v, Zdorov'ja, 2002. – 988 s.Doklinichni doslidzhennja likars'kyh zasobiv: metodychni rekomendacii' / Za red. O. V. Stefanova. – K.: Avicena, 2001. – 528 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz: praktycheskoe rukovodstvo / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – K.: Moryon, 2003. – 448 s.Kovalenko V. N. Osteoartroz. Praktychna nastanova / V. N. Kovalenko, O. P. Bortkevych. – 3-tje vyd., dopov., zi zminamy – K.: MORION., 2010. – 608 s.Nejko Je. M. Suchasni ujavlennja pro patogenez deformujuchogo osteoartrozu / Je. M. Nejko, I. Ju. Golovach // Ukr. revmatol. zhurnal. – 2000. – № 1. – S. 9-12.Nomenklatura, klasyfikacija, kryterii' diagnostyky ta programy likuvannja revmatychnyh hvorob /Za red. V. M. Kovalenka, N. V. Shuby. – Kyi'v, 2004. – 156 s.Rebrova O. Ju. Statystycheskyj analyz medycynskyh dannыh. Prymenenye paketa prykladnыh programm STATISTICA / O.Ju.Rebrova – 3-e yzd. – M.: MedyaSfera, 2006. – 312 s.Bruyere O. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as therapeutic agents for knee and hip osteoarthritis / O. Bruyere, J. Y. Reginster // Drugs. Aging. – 2007. – V. 24(7). – P. 573-80.Kelly G. S. The role glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of degenerative joint disease / G. S. Kelly // Alt. Med. Rev. – 1998. – V.3 (1). - P. 27-39.EULAR evidence based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis / W. Zhang, M. Doherty, G. Peat [et al.] // Ann. Rheum. Dis. – 2009. – Vol. 68, №13. – Р. 141.Uebelhart D. Clinical review of chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis / D. Uebelhart // Osteoarthritis Cartilage. – 2008. – V. 16, Suppl 3. – P. S19-21.

The article provides a comparative review of the history, current status and areas of scientific activity of the Sociological Association of Ukraine (SAU), its creative ties with the European and world sociological community, in particular, joint research with Polish scientists. It emphasizes that most of the Ukrainian sociologists SAU members work in universities, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and public opinion research centers. Numerous sociological (theoretical and empirical) studies on various issues of vital activity of modern Ukrainian society are carried out by their efforts. It is noted that in addition to studying the issues of social transformation in its political, economic, legal, social and cultural aspects, that have become traditional for Ukrainian sociology, in recent years Ukrainian sociologists have turned to the analysis of such problems as external and internal migration (the problem of internally displaced persons); military conflict in the east of Ukraine and the volunteer movement; social inequality, including in its new manifestations, including those caused by the digitalization of public life. It is emphasized that today the most pressing issue of sociological reflection is the changes that occur in Ukraine after the last presidential election. Attention is focused on the fact that the victory of the political rookie in these elections was due to the huge social disappointments of the Ukrainians, since their expectations provoked by the Revolution of Dignity were not fulfilled. The first and most important disappointment, according to sociological studies, is the fact that peace has not reigned in the country. Second, the living standards of Ukrainian citizens have not improved. Third, the fight against corruption did not bring significant results. Fourth, social inequality deepened: the rich became richer, and the poor became poorer. The fifth disappointment is the inefficiency of the declared reforms: judicial, medical, educational, customs, electoral, etc. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the new government depends, among other things, on its consideration of such features of the mass consciousness of the Ukrainian population as a critical level of distrust of all institutions of power; value and ideological ambivalence and uncertainty. The conclusions are formulated about the unlikeliness of return of Ukraine to the orbit of Russian political and economic influence, as well as the victory of radical nationalist ideology in our country.