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The training of physicians in the past century was based primarily on responsibility and the chain-of-command. Those with the bulk of that responsibility in the fields of pediatrics and internal medicine were residents. Residents trained the medical students and supervised them carefully in caring for patients. Most attending physicians supervised their teams at arm's length, primarily serving as teachers of the finer points of diagnosis and treatment during set periods of the day or week with a perfunctory signature on write-ups or progress notes. Residents endeavored to protect the attending physician from being heavily involved unless they were unsure about a clinical problem. Before contacting the attending physician, a more senior resident would be called. Responsibility was the ultimate teacher. The introduction of diagnosis-related groups by the federal government dramatically changed the health care delivery system, placing greater emphasis on attending physician visibility in the medical record, ultimately resulting in more attending physician involvement in day-to-day care of patients in academic institutions. Without specified content in attending notes, hospital revenues would decline. Although always in charge technically, attending physicians increasingly have assumed the role once dominated by the resident. Using biographical experiences of more than 40 years, the author acknowledges and praises the educational role of responsibility in his own training and laments its declining role in today's students and house staff.

Part 4: eParticipation Initiatives and Country Studies ; International audience ; In the context of local civic governance, much of the interest in e-Participation concerns the extent to which online media might overcome the limitations of geography and scale, and so allow local interests to be better represented in institutionally driven participatory processes at national or regional level. In contrast, this study investigates the online deliberations of a local, geographically bounded community in a series of mailing lists that had originated from their own initiative and self-organisation. The interactions we observe challenges assumptions of democratic deliberation as mainly policy debate between citizens and government, or of lobbying administrative government. It also proposes a broader conception of the role of online deliberation in local governance, where instrumental decision-making and developing consensus is frequently over privileged in research.

"August 20, 1990." ; Includes index. ; Shipping list no.: 90-639-P. ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

At head of title: Summer residents' association of Bar Harbor. ; Cover-title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This plan outlines the methodology for the evaluation of the Resident Support Program (RSP) in Queensland in 2004. The evaluation will research the process of implementation of this program, the services provided to residents by the contracted support providers, residents perceptions of the appropriateness of these services and impact on their quality of life, health and wellbeing, and the impact on residential facility operators and staff and other human services providers and Departments. The evaluation will also review the cost effectiveness of the program to make recommendations to inform future resource allocation. The longitudinal aspect of the evaluation enables a research partnership between the researchers and the program stakeholders. The researchers will work closely with the program, progressively providing research findings to inform improvements in the development and management of the program, while also transferring data for evaluation. The researchers will also work closely with stakeholders including those within DSQ, other state government departments, providers, operators and residents. RSP is part of the larger residential services reform strategy. The design and conduct of the evaluation takes account of the complexities of these larger contextual changes. Sensitivity to the potential effects of reform on access to support and accommodation for residents, economic impact on funders and providers and the cost shifting impact on other services will be acknowledged as the context of the evaluation.

To reduce slum areas, the government of Semarang City has issued a decree of determination of slum areas in 2014 and initiated some slum upgrading activities from the central and local government. Kaligawe, as one of the areas close to the industrial estate and has many residents, is included in a slum area that must be handled. The slum area in Kaligawe consists of 7.35 hectares from RW 1 – RW 4. In addition to the description of the slum characteristics, residents' assessment is also needed regarding the neighborhood condition. This study aims to analyze residents' assessment in Kaligawe as one of the slum areas in Semarang. This study applied a questionnaire survey that was distributed to 90 residents of Kelurahan Kaligawe slum area randomly from RW 1 – RW 4 and NUAP Kaligawe 2017 document review as the data collection source. The findings indicated that although Kaligawe has a low socioeconomic level, the residents' assessment of Kaligawe's neighborhood is overall good. It is because they are already used to live with recent neighborhood conditions, and also significant improvement resulted due to slum upgrading program in Kaligawe area.

Abstract Background Ecological migrants has a special background compared with other types of migrant. However, the mental health status of ecological migrants who were expected to benefit from a massive "ecological migration project" initiated by the Chinese government is unknown. This study aims to explore the influence of environmental change on individuals' mental health and to improve current understanding of the mechanisms that mental disorders occurred. Methods The data were extracted from a cross-sectional study. Anxiety disorders, mood disorders and substance use disorders were assessed using the Chinese version WHO-CIDI. The prevalence of mental disorders was stratified by migration status into ecological migrant, local resident and original resident groups. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of prevalence among these three groups. Results After controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, marriage, and education, the migrants had lower risk of mental disorders than original residents [OR = 0.70 (95 % CI: 0.57–0.86)], p < 0.001), but had a higher risk of mental disorders than local residents [OR = 1.29 (95 % CI: 1.06–1.55)], p = 0.007). Conclusion The ecological migration project may be beneficial to people's mental health by improving their living environment and social economy.

The current write sign the path of the African American population and his way to structure his community and his turnout in the political arena. This process it compares with the evolution of the contention in the Tilly´s and Tarrow's work, and shows the particular issues in the political scene in the Bogota city. ; El presente texto establece algunos elementos sobre el desarrollo de la organización de las comunidades afrodescendientes residentes en Bogotá, su evolución y la mirada que desde la teoría política se puede dar sobre cómo se estructura el proceso de organización de los movimientos, la estructura de participación y los repertorios de protesta; a la par se establece cómo los afrocolombianos residentes en Bogotá se ajustan a este proceso. Este artículo recoge elementos de la tesis de grado de maestría, y sintetiza los postulados teóricos y los hallazgos, y actualiza algunas de las ideas y conclusiones expuestas en esta. ; O presente texto estabelece alguns elementos sobre o desenvolvimento da organização das comunidades afrodescendentes residentes em Bogotá, sua evolução e o olhar que desde a teoria política pode ser dado sobre a forma como estrutura-se o processo de organização dos movimentos, a estrutura de participação e os repertórios de protesto; paralelamente estabelecesse a forma como os afro-colombianos que vivem em Bogotá encaixam-se nesse processo. Este artigo recolhe elementos da tese de mestrado e resume os postulados teóricos e os resultados, e atualiza algumas das ideias e conclusões expressas nesta.

The current write sign the path of the African American population and his way to structure his community and his turnout in the political arena. This process it compares with the evolution of the contention in the Tilly´s and Tarrow's work, and shows the particular issues in the political scene in the Bogota city. ; El presente texto establece algunos elementos sobre el desarrollo de la organización de las comunidades afrodescendientes residentes en Bogotá, su evolución y la mirada que desde la teoría política se puede dar sobre cómo se estructura el proceso de organización de los movimientos, la estructura de participación y los repertorios de protesta; a la par se establece cómo los afrocolombianos residentes en Bogotá se ajustan a este proceso. Este artículo recoge elementos de la tesis de grado de maestría, y sintetiza los postulados teóricos y los hallazgos, y actualiza algunas de las ideas y conclusiones expuestas en esta. ; O presente texto estabelece alguns elementos sobre o desenvolvimento da organização das comunidades afrodescendentes residentes em Bogotá, sua evolução e o olhar que desde a teoria política pode ser dado sobre a forma como estrutura-se o processo de organização dos movimentos, a estrutura de participação e os repertórios de protesto; paralelamente estabelecesse a forma como os afro-colombianos que vivem em Bogotá encaixam-se nesse processo. Este artigo recolhe elementos da tese de mestrado e resume os postulados teóricos e os resultados, e atualiza algumas das ideias e conclusões expressas nesta.

The current write sign the path of the African American population and his way to structure his community and his turnout in the political arena. This process it compares with the evolution of the contention in the Tilly´s and Tarrow's work, and shows the particular issues in the political scene in the Bogota city. ; El presente texto establece algunos elementos sobre el desarrollo de la organización de las comunidades afrodescendientes residentes en Bogotá, su evolución y la mirada que desde la teoría política se puede dar sobre cómo se estructura el proceso de organización de los movimientos, la estructura de participación y los repertorios de protesta; a la par se establece cómo los afrocolombianos residentes en Bogotá se ajustan a este proceso. Este artículo recoge elementos de la tesis de grado de maestría, y sintetiza los postulados teóricos y los hallazgos, y actualiza algunas de las ideas y conclusiones expuestas en esta. ; O presente texto estabelece alguns elementos sobre o desenvolvimento da organização das comunidades afrodescendentes residentes em Bogotá, sua evolução e o olhar que desde a teoria política pode ser dado sobre a forma como estrutura-se o processo de organização dos movimentos, a estrutura de participação e os repertórios de protesto; paralelamente estabelecesse a forma como os afro-colombianos que vivem em Bogotá encaixam-se nesse processo. Este artigo recolhe elementos da tese de mestrado e resume os postulados teóricos e os resultados, e atualiza algumas das ideias e conclusões expressas nesta.

Ibiza is a Mediterranean island with a very strong economic dependence on tourism.Ibiza is a tourist destination known for its sun and beach offer, complemented by a rangeof world-famous nightlife. Although the tourism industry on the island appeared in thefirst third of the twentieth century, the Spanish Civil War, the Second World War and theinternational blockade to the Franco's regime wiped out tourism in the island for a decade.But the sufferings and economic miseries derived from these political facts boostedtourism revival more strongly on the island due to increased involvement of residentsin the new industry. Residents' involvement coupled with a spirit of tolerance to thehabits of visitors fostered the island towards a 'tourism boom' that received internationalmedia coverage. This paper aims to show that Ibiza is a good example of the importanceof these two elements (involvement and tolerance) for tourism development in a region. ; Ibiza es una isla del Mediterráneo con una enorme dependencia económica del turismo.Se trata de un destino turístico conocido por su oferta de sol y playa, complementada conuna oferta de ocio nocturno de fama mundial. Aunque el sector turístico apareció en laisla en el primer tercio del siglo XX, la Guerra Civil Española, la Segunda Guerra Mundialy el bloqueo internacional al régimen franquista borraron el turismo de la isla duranteuna década. Pero los sufrimientos y miserias económicas que causaron hicieron renacerel turismo con mayor fuerza al producirse una creciente implicación de los residentes enel nuevo sector. Esta implicación junto con la tolerancia hacia las costumbres de los turistaslanzaron a la isla hacia un Boom turístico con impacto mediático internacional. Eneste trabajo se pretende mostrar que Ibiza sirve de ejemplo de la importancia de estos doselementos (implicación y tolerancia) para el desarrollo turístico de una región.

Although it was not before 1989 that Warsaw gradually became a genuinely multiethnic environment, a group of aliens had inhabited the city in 1945–89. Somewhat paradoxically, the Polish capital city's foreigner landscape proved to be the most variegated, diverse and vivid in the first post-war decade. The Russians, Germans, Englishmen, Frenchmen, or Italians already residing in Warsaw were joined, as part of post-war voluntary and forced (political-refugee) migration, by nationals of Spain, Greece, Korea, Persia, Yugoslavia, or even Canada. The article shows the ways along which they reached Poland and Warsaw, and the various aspects of everyday life of those aliens: work, assimilation, and political entanglements.

Although it was not before 1989 that Warsaw gradually became a genuinely multiethnic environment, a group of aliens had inhabited the city in 1945–89. Somewhat paradoxically, the Polish capital city's foreigner landscape proved to be the most variegated, diverse and vivid in the first post-war decade. The Russians, Germans, Englishmen, Frenchmen, or Italians already residing in Warsaw were joined, as part of post-war voluntary and forced (political-refugee) migration, by nationals of Spain, Greece, Korea, Persia, Yugoslavia, or even Canada. The article shows the ways along which they reached Poland and Warsaw, and the various aspects of everyday life of those aliens: work, assimilation, and political entanglements.

"8 January 1986"--P. [1]. ; Shipping list no.: 86-198-P. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This review proposes directions to strengthen resident mission operations of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to implement ADB's corporate strategy—Strategy 2030. This paper reviews ADB's experience with operations of resident missions and other field offices directly supporting operations. It identifies changes needed in ADB's organization in the field, country operation processes, resource management and workforce approaches, and corporate headquarters support for field operations to implement the strategy.