Suchergebnisse

Front Cover -- About Island Press -- Subscribe -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Forward -- Preface -- Book Guide -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Introduction to Restoration and Foundational Concepts -- Chapter 1: Ecological Theory and Restoration Ecology -- Chapter 2: Ecological Dynamics and Ecological Restoration -- Chapter 3: Biodiversity as a Goal and Driver of Restoration -- Chapter 4: Landscape Ecology and Restoration Processes -- Part II: Ecological Theory and the Restoration of Populations and Communities -- Chapter 5: Population and Ecological Genetics in Restoration Ecology -- Chapter 6: Ecophysiological Considerations for Restoration -- Chapter 7: Implications of Population and Metapopulation Theory for Restoration Science and Practice -- Chapter 8: Invasive Species and Restoration Challenges -- Chapter 9: Assembly Theory for Restoring Ecosystem Structure and Functioning: Timing is Everything? -- Chapter 10: Heterogeneity Theory and Ecological Restoration -- Chapter 11: Food Web Theory and Ecological Restoration -- Part III: Ecosystem Processes and Restoration Ecology -- Chapter 12: Nutrient Dynamics as Determinants and Outcomes of Restoration -- Chapter 13: Recovery of Ecosystem Processes: Carbon and Energy Flows in Restored Wetlands, Grasslands, and Forests -- Chapter 14: Watershed Processes as Drivers for Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration -- Part IV: The Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of Restoration -- Chapter 15: Evolutionary Restoration Ecology -- Chapter 16: Macroecology and the Theory of Island Biogeography: Abundant Utility for Applications in Restoration Ecology -- Chapter 17: The Influence of Climate Variability and Change on the Science and Practice of Restoration Ecology -- Part V: Synthesis and Challenges -- Chapter 18: Persistant and Emerging Themes in the Linkage of Theory to Restoration Practice.

Presents a collection of major publications on theoretical and practical Mediterranean, global environmental and landscape issues. This book includes chapters that feature comprehensive studies of ecological and landscape issues, synthesized in the introduction, and woven with autobiographical experiences.

Due to the high content of viable seeds, topsoil is usually spread on ground left bare during railway and motorway construction to facilitate the regeneration of vegetation cover. However, during handling of the topsoil, seeds are often buried deeply and they cannot germinate or the seedlings cannot emerge from depth. This study experimentally explores the predictive value of seed mass for seed germination, mortality and seedling emergence at different burial depths for 13 common annual species in semiarid Mediterranean environments. We separate the effect of burial depth on germination and emergence by means of two experiments. In the germination experiment, five replicates of 20 seeds for each species were buried at depths ranging from 0 to 4 cm under greenhouse conditions. Germinated and empty or rotten seeds were counted after 8 weeks. In the emergence experiment, five replicates of four newly-germinated seeds per species were buried at the same depths under controlled conditions and emergence was recorded after 3 weeks. The effect of burial depth on percentage of germination and seedling emergence was dependent on seed size. Although all species showed a decrease in germination with burial depth, this decrease was greater for small-than large-seeded species. Percentage of emergence was positively related to seed mass but negatively related to burial depth. Seed mortality was higher for small-than large-seeded species, but there was no general effect of burial depth on this variable. Thus, the current practice of spreading 30 cm deep layers of topsoil in post-construction restoration projects is unadvisable. In this restoration scenario, thinner layers of topsoil should be used to achieve the maximum potential of the topsoil for germination and seedling establishment ; Financial support was received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects CGL2011-24871 and CGL2014-53789-R), the Madrid Regional Government (Project REMEDINAL3-P2013/MAE2719)

International audience ; By the end of the 20th century, many of the coastal lagoons along the FrenchMediterranean coast showed insufficient water quality and degraded ecosystem statesdue to anthropogenic impacts. Among these, nutrient over-enrichment, resulting ineutrophication, has been a major concern. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)has initiated public action to improve their water quality and ecosystem state using anapproach rooted in restoration ecology. Here we analyze how this has been appliedfor the coastal lagoons in South France, considering eutrophication as an exampleof ecosystem degradation and oligotrophication as the corresponding trajectory forecological restoration of the eutrophied coastal lagoons. Oligotrophication trajectories,initiated by the reduction of external nutrient loading, have resulted in a quick recovery(i.e., within 3 years) of integrative water column variables (Chlorophyll a, total N and P)and phytoplankton. Starting from hypertrophic systems, the oligotrophication trajectoryis described by a sequence of three ecosystem states dominated respectively by (i)phytoplankton with bare non-vegetated sediments, (ii) opportunistic macroalgae, (iii)angiosperm and perennial macroalgae, punctuated by regime shifts between theseecosystem states. Nevertheless, the latter regime shift has not been observed for themost degraded ecosystems after 10-years oligotrophication. The N and P accumulatedin sediments during eutrophication may also retard the ecological restoration. Inshallow freshwater lakes, the phytoplankton-dominated and the angiosperm-dominatedstates are also characteristic for highly degraded and fully restored ecosystemsstates, respectively. In contrast, opportunistic macroalgae do not bloom in thesesystems. Hence, the alternative stable state model, used successfully for these lakes,cannot be applied straightforwardly for coastal lagoons. To be successful, ecologicalrestoration should consider the legislative and societal questions as according theDPSIR framework it ...

International audience ; By the end of the 20th century, many of the coastal lagoons along the FrenchMediterranean coast showed insufficient water quality and degraded ecosystem statesdue to anthropogenic impacts. Among these, nutrient over-enrichment, resulting ineutrophication, has been a major concern. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)has initiated public action to improve their water quality and ecosystem state using anapproach rooted in restoration ecology. Here we analyze how this has been appliedfor the coastal lagoons in South France, considering eutrophication as an exampleof ecosystem degradation and oligotrophication as the corresponding trajectory forecological restoration of the eutrophied coastal lagoons. Oligotrophication trajectories,initiated by the reduction of external nutrient loading, have resulted in a quick recovery(i.e., within 3 years) of integrative water column variables (Chlorophyll a, total N and P)and phytoplankton. Starting from hypertrophic systems, the oligotrophication trajectoryis described by a sequence of three ecosystem states dominated respectively by (i)phytoplankton with bare non-vegetated sediments, (ii) opportunistic macroalgae, (iii)angiosperm and perennial macroalgae, punctuated by regime shifts between theseecosystem states. Nevertheless, the latter regime shift has not been observed for themost degraded ecosystems after 10-years oligotrophication. The N and P accumulatedin sediments during eutrophication may also retard the ecological restoration. Inshallow freshwater lakes, the phytoplankton-dominated and the angiosperm-dominatedstates are also characteristic for highly degraded and fully restored ecosystemsstates, respectively. In contrast, opportunistic macroalgae do not bloom in thesesystems. Hence, the alternative stable state model, used successfully for these lakes,cannot be applied straightforwardly for coastal lagoons. To be successful, ecologicalrestoration should consider the legislative and societal questions as according theDPSIR framework it ...

International audience By the end of the 20th century, many of the coastal lagoons along the FrenchMediterranean coast showed insufficient water quality and degraded ecosystem statesdue to anthropogenic impacts. Among these, nutrient over-enrichment, resulting ineutrophication, has been a major concern. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)has initiated public action to improve their water quality and ecosystem state using anapproach rooted in restoration ecology. Here we analyze how this has been appliedfor the coastal lagoons in South France, considering eutrophication as an exampleof ecosystem degradation and oligotrophication as the corresponding trajectory forecological restoration of the eutrophied coastal lagoons. Oligotrophication trajectories,initiated by the reduction of external nutrient loading, have resulted in a quick recovery(i.e., within 3 years) of integrative water column variables (Chlorophyll a, total N and P)and phytoplankton. Starting from hypertrophic systems, the oligotrophication trajectoryis described by a sequence of three ecosystem states dominated respectively by (i)phytoplankton with bare non-vegetated sediments, (ii) opportunistic macroalgae, (iii)angiosperm and perennial macroalgae, punctuated by regime shifts between theseecosystem states. Nevertheless, the latter regime shift has not been observed for themost degraded ecosystems after 10-years oligotrophication. The N and P accumulatedin sediments during eutrophication may also retard the ecological restoration. Inshallow freshwater lakes, the phytoplankton-dominated and the angiosperm-dominatedstates are also characteristic for highly degraded and fully restored ecosystemsstates, respectively. In contrast, opportunistic macroalgae do not bloom in thesesystems. Hence, the alternative stable state model, used successfully for these lakes,cannot be applied straightforwardly for coastal lagoons. To be successful, ecologicalrestoration should consider the legislative and societal questions as according theDPSIR framework it ...

International audience ; By the end of the 20th century, many of the coastal lagoons along the French Mediterranean coast showed insufficient water quality and degraded ecosystem states due to anthropogenic impacts. Among these, nutrient over-enrichment, resulting in eutrophication, has been a major concern. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) has initiated public action to improve their water quality and ecosystem state using an approach rooted in restoration ecology. Here we analyze how this has been applied for the coastal lagoons in South France, considering eutrophication as an example of ecosystem degradation and oligotrophication as the corresponding trajectory for ecological restoration of the eutrophied coastal lagoons. Oligotrophication trajectories, initiated by the reduction of external nutrient loading, have resulted in a quick recovery (i.e., within 3 years) of integrative water column variables (Chlorophyll a, total N and P) and phytoplankton. Starting from hypertrophic systems, the oligotrophication trajectory is described by a sequence of three ecosystem states dominated respectively by (i) phytoplankton with bare non-vegetated sediments, (ii) opportunistic macroalgae, (iii) angiosperm and perennial macroalgae, punctuated by regime shifts between these ecosystem states. Nevertheless, the latter regime shift has not been observed for the most degraded ecosystems after 10-years oligotrophication. The N and P accumulated in sediments during eutrophication may also retard the ecological restoration. In shallow freshwater lakes, the phytoplankton-dominated and the angiosperm-dominated states are also characteristic for highly degraded and fully restored ecosystems states, respectively. In contrast, opportunistic macroalgae do not bloom in these systems. Hence, the alternative stable state model, used successfully for these lakes, cannot be applied straightforwardly for coastal lagoons. To be successful, ecological restoration should consider the legislative and societal questions as according the ...

Henin reviews 'Red Books, Green Hills: The Impact of Economic Reforms on Restoration Ecology in the Midlands of Northern Vietnam' edited by Le Trong Cuc, A. Terry Rambo, Keith Fahrney, Trand Duc Vien, et al.

Cover page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- PART I: Project Planning -- Chapter 1: Framework for Ecological Restoration -- Four-Phase Framework -- Project Planning -- Project Design -- Project Implementation -- Project Aftercare -- Restoration Strategies -- Management Strategies -- Construction and Installation Strategies -- Chapter 2: Restoration Project Management -- The Four-Phase Restoration Project Development Life Cycle -- The Elements of Project Management -- People: Project Manager -- People: Project Stakeholders -- People: Project Team -- Processes -- Initiating -- Planning -- Executing -- Controlling -- Closing -- Tools -- Building Realistic Project Schedules -- Creating the Project Schedule -- The Gantt Chart -- Creating the Project Budget -- Project Support Budget -- Developing the Project Improvement Budget -- Risk Management in Restoration Projects -- Improving Your Results as a Project Manager -- Establishing Project Requirements -- Identifying Stakeholder Goals -- Handling Changes to Project Requirements -- Communicating Clearly and Thoroughly -- Chapter 3: Defining Your Project -- Project Definition -- Function -- Leitbild Concept -- Explanation of Steps in the Project Definition -- Problem Statements -- Mission Statements -- Goals, Objectives, and Actions -- Establishing Project Requirements -- Guidelines for Establishing Project Requirements -- Writing the Project Scope Statement -- PART II: Project Design -- Chapter 4: Site Analysis -- Collecting Project Site Data -- Document Search -- Interviews of Knowledgeable Individuals -- Site Visit -- Preparing for the Site Visit -- Site Analysis Checklist -- General Factors -- Physical Factors -- Biological Factors -- Anticipated Site Improvements or Considerations -- Interpreting and Analyzing Site Data