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Russland und "der Westen" im Ringen um das strategische Kräftegleichgewicht in der Ukraine und in Kasachstan (2022) • Interview mit D. Trenin (dt. Übers.): Über die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines neuen bewaffneten Konflikts unter Beteiligung Russlands (2022); • Meinungsbeitrag aus Russland (dt. Übers.): Zur Furcht der USA vor der Neuschaffung eines postsowjetischen Unionsstaats; Kasachstan-Krise (2022). • Kommentar aus Berlin: Wie weiter mit dem Ukraine-Konflikt?". Vertragsentwürfe Russlands an die USA und NATO (2022). • Textoriginale (russ.).:Russland und "der Westen" im Ringen um das strategische Kräftegleichgewicht in der Ukraine und in Kasachstan (2022) • Vorwort von Rainer Böhme (Hrsg.) • Interview von Jelena Tschernenko mit Dmitrij Trenin, Direktor Carnegie Moscow Center: "Beide Szenarien haben ihren Preis und bergen Risiken". Über die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines neuen bewaffneten Konflikts unter Beteiligung Russlands. In: Tageszeitung 'Kommersant', Moskau, 25. Januar 2022. (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. von Rainer Böhme.) • Meinungsbeitrag von W. Pawlenko: 'Warum fürchtet man sich so in den USA vor der Neuschaffung eines postsowjetischen Unionsstaats?' In: IA REGNUM, Moskau, 10. Januar 2022. (Übersetzung a. d. Russ. von Rainer Böhme.) '• Kommentar aus Berlin von Wilfried Schreiber: 'Wie weiter mit dem Ukraine-Konflikt?' (2022). • Textoriginale (russ.): .- Interview von Jelena Tschernenko mit Dmitrij Trenin, Direktor Carnegie Moscow Center. In: Tageszeitung 'Kommersant', Moskau, 25. Januar 2022; .- Meinungsbeitrag von Wladimir Pawlenko. In: IA REGNUM, Moskau, 10. Januar 2022.

Изучается стационарное уравнение Шрeдингера в ограниченной двумя софокусными эллипсами области и в ее накрытиях. Для собственных значений оператора Лапласа установлен порядок их зависимости от малых значений расстояния между фокусами. Вычислены и приведены коэффициенты разложения собственных значений по степеням половины фокального расстояния до второго порядка включительно.

Along the perimeter of the Far East region of Russia, a formed closed transport and economic structure has been identified. It can be described as the Great Far Eastern Transport and Economic Ring (GFETER). Four large segments are identified and considered in its composition: the latitudinal Southern and Arctic marine, as well as the meridional Western and Pacific marine. They are large interacting parts of the general territorial and aqua-territorial transport and economic structure, which consists of linear links represented by communication routes, nodes - settlements that perform certain transport and other functions, territorial and water zones of gravity to these structural elements. The analysis of the current state of the spatial structure of GFETER was carried out. This formation serves the most important passenger and cargo transportation - from intra-regional to inter-regional and transit, provides various forms of spatial development of the Far East region.The transport specialization of the elements of this spatial structure of the GFETER is shown. The linear elements of the GFETER segments perform transport functions. Transport nodes in general perform more diverse functions determined by the action of a combination of factors: economic-geographical and transport-geographical position, geodemographic, scientific, technical and natural resource potentials, natural and climatic conditions. The main functions of the GFETER transport hubs are highlighted. The Vladivostok agglomeration hub occupies a special place among them. The significance of the GFETER for the Far East is due to the fact that its segments include territories and water areas where large natural resources are being developed. In the long term, various forms of spatial development of this structure are possible, including the construction of an Arctic railway line and a railway along the river. Lena. The construction of various transport links along the Pacific coast is also expedient. All this will initiate new forms of spatial development of the Far East region as a whole.The development of a transport perimeter in the form of a GFETER significantly expands the prospects for the long-term integrated development of the region, improves the coordination and interaction of various modes of transport, and increases the degree of its regularity and reliability. This is especially true in view of the vast distances and growing volumes of traffic. The logistics potential inherent in GFETER can significantly strengthen Russia's position in international transportation and cooperation.

The paper features the phenomenon of time-shift in modern media. Internet-news make up their own chronotope, in which events separated in time are forced to come together on associative basis. The author shows how several different news stories can be mixed together on the basis of a common word (in this case, «the ring») with the purpose to bespatter the image of Russia by uniting the concept of the president with the concept of crime. ; Данная статья посвящена феномену временного сдвига в современных СМИ. Интернет-новости создают свой собственный хронотоп, в котором события, разделенные во времени, соединяются друг с другом по ассоциативному признаку. Автор демонстрирует, как несколько не связанных друг с другом новостных сообщений могут сливаться в одно на базе общего слова (в данном случае, это слово «кольцо») с целью очернить образ России, создав ассоциативную связь между понятиями «президент» и «преступление».

In 2006, the excavation of the palace of the rulers of the Principality of Theodoro (1425–1475) in the central area of the ancient town of Mangup (south-western Crimea) uncovered a unique at this site signet-ring of yellowish chalcedony made in the sixth or early seventh century in Sasanian Iran. This find belongs to a group of the so-called pseudo-signet-rings (muhr); it shows an ellipsoidal shape (flattened hemisphere) with a narrow channel for hanging on the neck, wrist, or belt. On the shield of the signet-ring there is an image of a mountain sheep (аrhar) with steeply curved horns, lying to the left, with the legs tucked. It was accompanied with a number of official symbols of the ruling dynasty in the Sassanian State: the royal bow ashkharavand (of a ribbon tied round a front leg of the animal), a crescent with the horns upward (a young Moon, one of the symbols of the dynasty), and atashdan (Zoroastrian temple altar with burning fire). The composition of this image goes back to the legend about the founder of the Sassanian dynasty King Ardashir I (224–240), who defeated the last Parthian ruler Artaban V (213–224) and ascended the throne with the help from the deity of royal power, victory, might, luck, and glory Farr embodied in the mountain ram. Therefore, the first owner of the signet-ring was a member of the privileged part of the Sassanian society, using the ring to make signature or as a sign of ownership when sealing personal documents and items of trade transactions. Considering the circumstances of the discovery of the Sassanian ring in the cultural layer of one of the largest Byzantine fortresses in Taurica obviously constructed at the end of the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527–565), it is hardly worth thinking of direct official correspondence between the local Byzantine administration and someone from Iranian correspondents or the presence of the military contingents from Persia. Most likely, the find in question was simply a trophy of a Byzantine officer who took part in one of the many Byzantine-Sassanian military campaigns of the second half of the sixth or the first third of the seventh centuries and then continued his service in the garrison of Mangup-Doros. ; В 2006 г. в ходе раскопок дворца правителей княжества Феодоро (1425–1475) в центральной части Мангупского городища (Юго-Западный Крым), был обнаружен уникальный для памятника перстень из желтоватого халцедона, изготовленный в VI – начале VII в. на территории Сасанидского Ирана. Находка относится к числу так называемых ложных перстней-печаток (мухр), имеет эллипсоидную форму (сплющенная полусфера) с узким каналом для подвешивания на шее, запястье или поясе. На щитке перстня представлено изображение горного барана (архар) с круто загнутыми рогами, лежащего влево с поджатыми ногами. Его сопровождает ряд официальных символов правящей династии в государстве Сасанидов: царский бант ашхараванд (обвязанная лента на одной из передних ног животного), полумесяц рогами вверх (молодая Луна, один из символов династии) и аташдан (зороастрийский храмовый алтарь с пылающим огнем). Композиция изображения восходит к легенде об основателе династии Сасанидов царе Ардашире I (224–240), которому одержать победу над последним парфянским правителем Артабаном V (213–224) и взойти на престол помогло божество царской власти, победы, могущества, удачи и славы Фарр, воплощенное в образе горного барана. Таким образом, первый владелец находки входил в состав, по крайней мере, привилегированной части сасанидского общества, а перстень использовался им в роли подписи или знака собственности при опечатывании личных документов и предметов торговых операций. Рассматривая обстоятельства обнаружения сасанидского перстня в культурном слое одной из крупнейших византийских крепостей в Таврике, построенной, очевидно, в конце правления императора Юстиниана I (527–565), вряд ли стоит серьезно рассматривать версии прямой официальной переписки между местной византийской администрацией и кем-то из иранских корреспондентов или присутствия здесь воинских контингентов из Персии. Скорее всего, находка является обычным трофеем византийского офицера, принимавшего участие в одной из многочисленных византийско-сасанидских военных кампаний второй половины VI – первой трети VII в. и затем продолжившего службу в составе гарнизона Мангупа-Дороса.

International audience ; AN EARLY BYZANTINE BACKSWORD WITH A RING POMMEL FROM CARIČIN GRAD (IVSTINIANA PRIMA) IN SOUTHERN SERBIA AND ITS STEPPE PARALLELSAbstract. The article considers a sword with a ring pommel, discovered in the crypt of one of the churches of Caričin Grad in southern Serbia during excavations of 1947. It was concluded that the edged weapon with a ring pommel on the handle reflects the general military Eurasian fashion of the VI-VII centuries well represented in the culture of «princely» elites and imitated by ordinary warriors.

International audience ; AN EARLY BYZANTINE BACKSWORD WITH A RING POMMEL FROM CARIČIN GRAD (IVSTINIANA PRIMA) IN SOUTHERN SERBIA AND ITS STEPPE PARALLELSAbstract. The article considers a sword with a ring pommel, discovered in the crypt of one of the churches of Caričin Grad in southern Serbia during excavations of 1947. It was concluded that the edged weapon with a ring pommel on the handle reflects the general military Eurasian fashion of the VI-VII centuries well represented in the culture of «princely» elites and imitated by ordinary warriors.

Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Five rings under the Kremlin stars

Рассматривается функциональное назначение круглых и кольцевых средневековых городищ Пруто-Днестровского междуречья. ; There are known more than 20 settlements on the territory of Prut and Dniester interfluves, that are attributed to the period of 9-13th centuries. The main part of them are located in the north-eastern part of this region. All settlements are divided into two types. The first group includes settlements, their strengthenings are not subordinate to natural terrain. They are located on the gentle slopes and have a round or an oval shape in plain view. It is so called "round» or "ring" settlements. So called "promontories" type is the second type of fortified settlements, they have several protected areas and arranged in view of the protective properties of the terrain relief. The authors deal with the problem of landscape location of so called round fortified areas of Ecim?u?i-Alchedar type in Dniester-Prut interfluves. These areas appeared in the region not later than at the end of the 9th century. Because of their planning and structure, as well as because of character of archaeological evidences, they seem to be foreign, most likely they have West Slavic origin. The authors suggest that the main function of these areas was sacral, because they are located in geomantic zones, sometimes against any defense interests. Ring settlements were vulnerable because they were located in the ravines (valleys) next to a very high hills from which they could be fired by an enemy. The arguments are: 1) concomitant "ring" and "promontories" settlements; 2) ring-shaped fort could accommodate a very limited number of people; 3) location of "ring" settlements in geo mantle zones; 4) the presence on this monuments of the huge pits, much higher than the potential defense needs. The fact that the primary function of the round fortified areas is considered to be sacral does not exclude that they played or could play, at the same time, the role of communities centers of political and economic life, where are various industries could be located too.